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Religious conflict and war
Importance of religion in early civilizations
Religious conflict and war
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Over five hundred years ago, during the year 1407, France was governed by a manic king, Charles VI, and was torn to pieces by two factions: the Party of Burgundy, which was led by the Duke of Bedford, and the party of Armagnac. The Armagnacs supported the French model of government and the Dauphin, the rightful monarch of France, and the son of Charles VI. The Burgundians, meanwhile, were all for the English administrative methods. The two factions eventually divided town from town and village from village, while foreign English troops simultaneously took advantage of these disputes, and overran the land. For the next twenty-two years, the entire French nation was divided, and enveloped in great sorrow. Little did the wretched inhabitants of France suspect that God had appointed Jeanne d'Arc, a modest, devout girl from the southern town of Domremy, to redeem the country. Born in the year 1412, Jeanne d'Arc was a singularly pious child, grave beyond her years, and showed an intense and ever-increasing devotion to things holy. Even as a young girl, she never wearied of visiting the nearby churches in and about her native village, and she passed many an hour “in a kind of rapt trance before the crucifixes and saintly images in these chapels.”1 If at dusk the evening bells sounded across the fields, Jeanne would kneel devoutly, communing in her heart with her divine Master and adored saints. “She loved above all things these evening bells, and, when it seemed to her that the ringer grew negligent, would bribe him with some gift to remind him in the future to be more instant in his office.”2 That this trait in Jeanne is true, we have the testimony of the bell ringer himself to attest. This devotion to her religious duties... ... middle of paper ... ...rote, “the captain (of Compiegne), seeing the great multitude of Burgundians and Englishmen ready to get on the bridge.. raised the drawbridge of the city and barred the gate. So the Maid of Orleans was shut outside, and only a few of her men were with her.”11 Later accounts suggest that the governor of Compiegne was in the pay of the English and that ` Jeanne had been set up. Howsoever it happened, she was forced to surrender, and was taken captive to the Duke of Burgundy's fortress at Morigny. In the minds of the English and Burgundians, she was the force that had resurrected the Dauphin's army; she had to be not just removed from the war, but discredited. So Jeanne was treated not as a prisoner of war, but as an unrepentant heretic accused of “many crimes, sorceries, idolatry, intercourse with demons, and other matters relative to faith and against faith.”12
Jeanne de Jussie, a dedicated Catholic nun, recorded events that took place in Geneva during the Reformation as the official chronicler for the Saint Clare convent. Although littered with biases, Jeanne de Jussie’s experiences reflect broader trends during the Reformation; therefore, The Short Chronicle is a valid source and not merely a personal attack against the Protestants. Her experiences and beliefs, including those concerning celibacy, reflected those of many members of the Catholic Church during the Reformation. Also, her categorization of Protestants as ‘heretics’ was consistent with the practices of the Catholic Church. Although biased, her fears about Protestant views on celibacy and marriage were legitimate and consistent with
To summarize the book into a few paragraphs doesn't due it the justice it deserves. The beginning details of the French and Ind...
Julian of Norwich lived during a time of great fear dominated by economic and physical hardships, feudal era of control, fear of death from the bubonic plague, corruption within the church’s hierarchy and doubt and insincerity was rampant amongst believers. Living a simple existence she depende...
Beginning in mid-1789, and lasting until late-1799, the French Revolution vastly changed the nation of France throughout its ten years. From the storming of the Bastille, the ousting of the royal family, the Reign of Terror, and all the way to the Napoleonic period, France changed vastly during this time. But, for the better part of the last 200 years, the effects that the French Revolution had on the nation, have been vigorously debated by historian and other experts. Aspects of debate have focused around how much change the revolution really caused, and the type of change, as well as whether the changes that it brought about should be looked at as positive or negative. Furthermore, many debate whether the Revolutions excesses and shortcomings can be justified by the gains that the revolution brought throughout the country.
About six hundred years ago in Europe, the French and the English were fighting for the French throne. Charles VII, the dauphin, was fighting against Henry VI, the King of England (Clin, 3). This war, later known as the Hundred Years’ War, took place during the 15th century. Joan of Arc, a peasant girl from Domrémy, joined the side of the dauphin after voices that she claimed came from saints, instructed her to help (Schmalz). Her influence brought about the end of the siege on Orléans and the coronation of King Charles. Joan was able to rally the French forces and turn the momentum of the entire war around (Clin, 3). Despite being a woman in a time when females were subjugate to males, Joan of Arc was the most influential warrior in the Hundred Years’ War because her leading role in the break of the siege on Orléans, the crowning of the king and her symbolic significance for France were major turning points in the war.
“Not, perhaps, the patroness of France; rather, the patroness of vivid life, prized not for military victories but for the gift of passionate action taken against ridiculous odds, for the grace of holding nothing back.” (Gordon 173). This quote is referring to Joan of Arc. Joan of Arc was very religious; known for seeing visions and voices from God telling her to go deep into France and help with the war, which she did. At the age of eighteen Joan of Arc led French armies through a series of battles and each of these battles resulted in a victory. Many people, especially men, were threatened by her because of the fact that she was able to do things like leading armies when she was both a girl and a teenager and because she was able to see visions
As a girl, St. Teresa strived to be worthy of God, as did her siblings whom she loved. Instead of acting like she was a princess with the other girls, she and her brother Rodrigo would pretend to be hermits in the back yard.... ... middle of paper ... ... Works Cited Kiefer, J. a.
After a small victory of reclaiming Melun, her voices forebodes that she’ll be captured before the Feast of St. John, which comes true as she is captured on May 23, 1430, after she was pulled off her horse. Joan is soon imprisoned in Beaulieu and then to Beaurevoir by Jean de Luxembourg, but she is treated kindly by his aunt, wife, and daughter, who weren't able to stop Jean from selling her to the English, and then in December, Joan is sent to the Rouen, Normandy to be on trial in January 1431 that would continue for three months by Bishop Cauchon and churchmen from the University of Paris, who fearing Joan’s independence from the Church and her power, with mainly “evidence” from English and Burgundian tales of Joan’s witchcraft, Joan’s voices, and male dress alongside her other sins of attacking on a holy day and attempting suicide, accuse her of being a witch, a heretic, and a tool of the Devil. To their surprise, Joan’s calmly responded to each answer and swore on the Gospel that she’ll tell the truth, but she’ll not reveal any information about her revelations, which alongside her refusal to answer some of their questions convinced them that Joan was indeed not telling the truth. Finally, when Joan describes
The fifteenth century was a gruesome era in world history. Church and state were not separated which caused many problems because the Church officials were often corrupt. The story of Joan of Arc, portrayed by George Bernard Shaw, impeccably reflects the Church of the 1400’s. Joan, a French native, fought for her country and won many battles against England. But Joan’s imminent demise came knocking at her door when she was captured by the English. She was charged with heresy because the armor she wore was deemed for men only but she justified her actions by stating that God told her to do it. Today, Joan of Arc would be diagnosed schizophrenic because of the voices in her head but she would still be respected for serving in the military. But in the fifteenth century, she was labeled as nothing more than a deviant. She was tried and the Inquisitor characterized her as a beast that will harm society. Through his sophistic reasoning, loaded diction, and appeals to pathos and ethos, the Inquisitor coaxed the court into believing Joan was a threat to society and she had to pay the ultimate price.
Joan of Arc can be seen through the eyes of two very different of thinking. One would be that she was a witch and possessed, and the other would be that she was a true saint.
Joan of Arc was born in the village of Domremy in 1412. Like many girls her age she was taught like many other young girls her age not how to read or write but to sew and spin. but unlike some girls her father was a peasant farmer. At a inferior age of thirteen she had experienced a vision known as a flash of light while hearing an unearthly voice that had enjoined her to be diligent in her religious duties and be modest. soon after at the age fifteen she imagined yet another unearthly voice that told her to go and fight for the Dauphin. She believed the voices she heard were the voices of St. Catherine and St. Margaret and many other people another being St. Michael. She believed they also told her to wear mens attire, cut her hair and pick up her arms. When she first told her confessor she did not believe her. When she tried telling the judges she explained to them how the voices told her it was her divine mission help the dauphin and rescue her country from the English from the darkest periods during the Hundred Years’ War and gain the French Throne. She is till this day one of the most heroic legends in womens history.
The French people were quick to blame the government for all the misfortune they possess, yet ignored the potential evil or crisis the social body was heading towards within themselves. Because of the rapid sequence of horrific events in the beginning of the French revolution, it prevented the subversive principles to be spread passes the frontiers of France, and the wars of conquest which succeeded them gave to the public mind a direction little favorable to revolutionary principles (2). French men have disgraced the religion by ‘attacking with a steady and systematic animosity, and all it is there that the weapon of ridicule has been used with the most ease and success (2). Metternich was not in support of the French
On July 14, 1789, several starving working people of Paris and sixty soldiers seized control of the Bastille, forever changing the course of French history. The seizing of the Bastille wasn’t caused by one event, but several underlying causes such as the Old
Nardo, Don. A. The French Revolution. San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. Print.
When I was a child I used to be frightened of entering such a place for it seemed so imposing and somewhat dangerous, especially when music was being played. One day, in order to keep a promise I had made, I saw myself forced to enter. It took me quite a while to get the courage to pass through the old oak door, but the moment I stepped in, I realized just how enchanting and breathtaking this building could be. Its fantastic architecture and exquisite frescoes reflect perfectly the unity between this earth and the unseen kingdom of angels in such a manner that one cannot say where one ends and the other begins. The way in which the church was built is also the vivid testimony of a medieval period. Although it is a place that can sometimes be cold and ask for respect it is where prayers are answered and magic is done. An overwhelming feeling of inner harmony takes over you once you enter and God seems much closer. Darkness and light are welded perfectly together creating Redemption’s house. The tower allows you to see the entire town from the smallest river to the biggest building site, offering you its mightiness.