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Historiography essay
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Jane Tompkins, in the “Indians: Textualism, Morality, and the problem of History” evaluates the responses from another period about what occurred between Europeans and Indians in the 17th century. Understanding what occurred and how did it occur are difficult to get while many different versions are. During the manner of collecting solid information, she confirms that although the fact could see in many other ways, the content of fact remains the same. As an individual, reading Tompkins’ provided examples of bias give me an insight into the power of social ethos that rules our real opinions and beliefs. As a student, reading Tompkins’ method of comparing and contrasting another response teach me that learning the facts without evaluating other perspectives can never give one a full description of the event. I believe we all have a tendency to build our opinions based …show more content…
For example, Vaughan’s hatred of Indians’ cultural backwardness indicated the white action of the Europeans in the 17th century. Furthermore, Rowlandson’s complaint about smoking in Indian culture also underlines the Puritan values. The writer in 70s, Jennings, who brutally attacks the Europeans for exploiting Indians contradicts the accounts of those which criticized Indians’ savage nature centuries ago. Likewise, isn’t Tompkins also a biased one meanwhile she cannot determine which account is valid and tries to turn down certain biased second-handed accounts for the primary sources? Is it reasonable that her romantic fascination with the nomadic life of Indian people pre-determines the way she evaluates these various accounts? Consider other angles regarding one event can help us trace back the cultural or social values from an another era, and the purpose of looking back upon history is not to repeat the mistake in
To many of the English colonists, any land that was granted to them in a charter by the English Crown was theirs’, with no consideration for the natives that had already owned the land. This belittlement of Indians caused great problems for the English later on, for the natives did not care about what the Crown granted the colonists for it was not theirs’ to grant in the first place. The theory of European superiority over the Native Americans caused for any differences in the way the cultures interacted, as well as amazing social unrest between the two cultures.
The English took their land and disrupted their traditional systems of trade and agriculture. As a result, the power of native religious leaders was corrupted. The Indians we...
A Declaration in 1622 is a piece of history that will forever be debated. It was written by Edward Waterhouse who was a prominent Virginia official. In a Declaration in 1622, he describes his first-hand accounts of English genocide and the relationship between the Powhatan and settlers. The point of this paper is to claim that Waterhouse’s portrayal is realistic due to his factual perspective of the time period on the contrasting aspects of the Powhatan and settlers. Diving into Edwards historical accounts can show the hardships of the settlers, the varying characteristics of both groups, the importance of tobacco, and the demonization of Native Americans. The characteristics will conclude the factually sound delineation of Edward Waterhouse.
The average British citizen in America during the 17th Century had a preconceived notion of Indians as savage beasts. However, before the arrival of the British, the New England Indians, specifically the Wampanoag tribe, lived a harmonious and interdependent lifestyle. Conflict among the Wampanoag was limited to minor tribal disputes. The war methods of the Indians were in fact more civilized than the British methods. The close living quarters of the British and Indians forced the Indians to adopt aspects of British civilization in order to survive, such as the ways of warfare. Douglas Leach in his book Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in the time of King Philip's War argues that British influence on Indian society turned the Indians from savage to civilized. This paper will argue that British influence turned the Indians from civilized to savage. The examination of Wampanoag behavior from before British influence through King Philip's War proves that Wampanoag beliefs became more materialistic, that land ownership became important, and that unnecessary violence became a part of their warfare.
During the nineteenth century, the government opened up more land for settlement, and pioneers began to make their way across America to “empty” prairies in the Midwest. These “empty” lands were not actually empty—they contained many different tribes of American Indians—but the white Americans saw this as an opportunity for cheap land and a new, better life. The pioneers lived among the American Indians, but it was not a harmonious relationship. Laura Ingalls Wilder in her Little House series talked about her parents’ attitudes toward the Osage. Most of the time, her parents either made fun of the Osage people or feared them, which, in turn, instilled fear and stereotypes in Laura and her sisters. Such was the case for the majority of
together for the better of the shared children. The women had a say in how they would help
In many situations, introducing a new party into a land that was formerly inhabited and assimilated by another party with completely different societal, political and cultural values results in a lengthy period of transition and conflict due to misunderstanding. Colonization and the interactions between colonists and Indians during the early stages of settlement in the New World was certainly no exception. Although European societies and political structures were hierarchical and left less to the impoverished members of society, Indian societies and political structures were not as patriarchal and featured communal cooperation. Culturally speaking, Europeans were more fragmented and hierarchical but less ritualistic in religious practices than were Indians. With these innumerable differences and struggles to communicate with not only the European settlers but also with each other, it is no surprise that the Indians fell at the hands of the English in King Philip’s War.
In the first section, Monroy describes the Indian and the Iberian cultures and illustrates the role each played during missionization, as the Indians adapted ?to the demands of Iberian imperialism.?(5) He stresses the differen...
While researching the early relations between the American Indians, and the first European settlers, Jane Tompkins found that the way history was recorded seemed to mislead her. In her essay " ' Indians': Textualism, Morality, and the problem of History," Tompkins found that the historians put prejudice facts, and looked down upon Native Americans. Clearly it is seen that even through time, historians are still this way. This dilemma must be illuminated to find out who and why this has happened.
In 1838-39 U.S. troops, ordered by the state of Georgia, expelled the Cherokees from their homeland in the Southeast and removed them to the Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma. The demand for fruitful land during the rapid growth in the southeast led to the removal of the Cherokees along with the discovery of gold on Cherokee land. There was a racial prejudice towards the Native Americans from the white southerners. Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837) during this time. During his presidency many legal issues came about when he did not follow the treaties made by the National Government with the Cherokee Nations.
Indian to Indian relations could be positive, negative, or neutral. On the positive side, de Vaca notes that in the case of intra-tribe quarrels, “[if] the quarrelers are single men, they repair to some neighboring people, who, even if enemies, welcome them warmly and give so largely of what they have” (95). Warring tribes could put aside differences to help a member of the opposing tribe out. To put aside animosity and give generously to an enemy is no easy feat. This means that inter-tribe relations could display empathy and furthermore, kindness. However, de Vaca also recalls negativity during inter-tribe relations, “All these tribes are warlike, and have as much strategy for protection against enemies as if they had been reared in Italy in continual feuds” (95). This is interesting as de Vaca is drawing a comparison between the Indians to Europeans. Despite helping individuals, it is clear that rival tribes displayed animosity in larger scale interactions. Tribes engaged in war against each other much like Europeans engaged in war against each other. The fact that de Vaca draws this comparison shows an equality in how native tribes and European peoples handled adversaries. For the most part, de Vaca writing shows neutrality in Indian to Indian relations. “When the Cultalchulce...
Native Americans were known to be indigenous people because they were always settling in particular regions, so they were known as natives to the lands of America. Later on, Native Americans were known as American Indians. The Native Americans got their name from the first explorer of America, named Christopher Columbus. Christopher Columbus thought that he reached the Indies when he first came to America and so he decided to call the group native residents or “people of India” (Schaefer). Some of the Indian groups are The Cherokees, Navajos, Latin American Indians, Choctaw, Sioux, Chippewa, Apache, Blackfeet, Iroquois and Pueblo (Schaefer). There are many cultures that are related to Native Americans, but today I will discuss only one which is the Cherokee
In Thomas King’s novel, The Inconvenient Indian, the story of North America’s history is discussed from his original viewpoint and perspective. In his first chapter, “Forgetting Columbus,” he voices his opinion about how he feel towards the way white people have told America’s history and portraying it as an adventurous tale of triumph, strength and freedom. King hunts down the evidence needed to reveal more facts on the controversial relationship between the whites and natives and how it has affected the culture of Americans. Mainly untangling the confusion between the idea of Native Americans being savages and whites constantly reigning in glory. He exposes the truth about how Native Americans were treated and how their actual stories were
The Cherokee Indians were one of the many civilized tribes in the United States. The Cherokee settled in the southeastern part of the U.S, which includes the northern parts of Georgia and Alabama, the western parts of North and South Carolina, and southwest Virginia from 1000 A.D. to 1500 A.D. and their development took place in two stages. First was the Pisgah stage which took place from 1300 A.D. to 1540 A.D. Second was the Qualla which took place 1540 A.D. to 1750 A.D. As well as in the past the Cherokees are still around today, residing around the U.S. on Indian reservations. The main focus will be Cherokee life including marriage, daily life, government, and war.
Why do Indian college students have high dropout rates? Why do Indian college students have hard times in college, and university atmospheres? Why do Indian college students have difficult times when it comes to making good grades? Maybe it’s because they have no role models in the home. Maybe they can’t relate to individuals with different cultures and backgrounds? Perhaps it is something simple as having poor study habits. The answers could Possibly be that Indian college students are just uncomfortable in a college environment, and don’t have an Indian studies program to go to, as in Reyhner’s essay. Whatever the reason may be Indian college students are scarce within the college scene, just as Indian people are in the United States of America.