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Literary analysis of James Joyce's Ulysses
The relationship between art and history
History of art and culture
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Recommended: Literary analysis of James Joyce's Ulysses
As one of the first and most influential modernists, James Joyce transformed writing of the twentieth century. His novels challenged the wider consciousness by writing of the repressed aspects of life. Profound changes in Ireland with the establishment of the Free Irish State in the beginning of the 20th century influenced James Joyce as a writer. Being a Protestant raised by a Catholic family and living in the Catholic country of Ireland, James Joyce developed a grand understanding of Christian history allowing his work to be influenced by religion, the culture surrounding him, and the philosophies of the Irish as well as the influential British. Not being Catholic, he experienced rejection throughout his life reflected in various characters, such as Little Chandler and in the theme of sectarianism becoming frequent in his work.
He was fearless in the themes he communicated, starting a movement to be carried on by the people he inspired. The impact of his work was monumental; with journals, books, films, radio and television programs all dedicated to him. One of Joyce's boldest themes was that of Anglo-Irish censoriousness gaining him much fame and praise. Joyce's major works such as Ulysses, Finnegans Wake, and Dubliners, have influenced modern literature and writing of the 20th century. James Joyce is an excellent subject of analysis because of the influence history and society had in his writings, the popularity of his work, and his rich, intriguing culture.
In Irish attempts to establish a republic and gain political freedom, the country underwent a series of civil battles. This civil strife began in September 1914 when the British government suspended the Home Rule Bill which protected political autonomy in Ireland. A new ...
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...sh country he resided reflected in his character Little Chandler, "If you wanted to succeed you had to go away. You could do nothing in Dublin (Joyce 46)." Joyce traveled Europe to allow his creativity to flourish. As his fame grew, he retired to remote locations where only his friends would know of his whereabouts. His resided in Paris, Trieste, Zurich, and died shortly after arriving in Switzerland after aiding Jewish families to escape the Nazis.
James Joyce was an innovator for modern writing, and a preeminent author of the twentieth century. The diversity of his themes and eloquence in his writing took turn-of-the-century literature to unparalleled heights. Amongst his most popular work, Dubliners portrays the life and mentalities of the Irish through his own experience and community. For an intriguing journey through time and culture, Dubliners is the one.
Joyce was born in a Dublin suburb on February 2, 1882 to John Stanislaus Joyce and Mary Jane Joyce. He was the first born of ten children and, as the family grew, their financial situation worsened. With each new child John was forced to mortgage another of his inherited properties until there was nothing left. Despite his predicament, John remained a very witty man, and often used his wit to undermine that which was bothering him at the time, whether it was the church, the government or his wife's family. This distinctive trait would also be adopted by his eldest and most dear son James in later years. In September of 1888 young James was enrolled in Clongowes Wood College, a Jesuit school of some prestige, but was withdrawn in June of 1891 because of his father's poor finances. This period is significant, however, since this was the first that he was separated from his supportive family for any length of time. Some of his experiences at Clongowes would later be recounted in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The rigorous Jesuit training he received appears to have been a turn off to the young Joyce and ...
In the story, Eveline's family is described poor, and they probably don't live a very comfortable life. The dust and Eveline's struggle for money mentioned in the story all go to explain the misery in their life: "Besides, the invariable squabble for money on Saturday nights had begun to weary her unspeakably"(Joyce5). This misery also appears in other stories by Joyce like 'The Sisters' and 'Araby'. Joyce could have related his childhood days when his family was in some financial crises to the family background of Eveline in the story: "but the [Joyce's] family fortunes took a sharp turn for the worse during Joyce's childhood" (Gale Group). From the story, we are told that it is from this misery, and her father's attitude that Eveline decides she would leave home, although, she does not leave at the end of the story. Joyce could have been writing about the urge the had to leave Dublin during his youth because he: "[cites] the city of Dublin as the center of paralysis" (the Gale Group).
James Joyce, whose full name was James Augustine Aloysuis Joyce, known as one of the greatest Irish literature writers in the 20th century(FamousAuthors). Born in Dublin, Ireland, February 2, 1882 into a middle class family. Joyce was one of ten surviving children. John Stanislaus Joyce was James father. A talented singer, just about one of the best in Ireland during his time. Although he had an extraordinary talent, he could not provide a steady household for the family. After being laid off from a tax collector job he became an alcoholic and addicted to drugs. His father could not keep a steady job. His habit to spend money lead the family downhill. This caused the family to move from home to home. Joyce mother, Mary Jane Murray was an phenomenal pianist. Even though this was not enough to keep their family of twelve on their feet in the middle class area. Her life revolved around the catholic church.
Works Cited: Benstock, Bernard. Critical Essays on James Joyce. G.K. Hall & Co. Boston, Massachusetts: 1985. Joyce, James. Dubliners.
In James Joyce’s Dubliners, the theme of escape tends to be a trend when characters are faced with critical decisions. Joyce’s novel presents a bleak and dark view of Ireland; his intentions by writing this novel are to illustrate people’s reasons to flee Ireland. In the stories “Eveline, “Counterparts”, and the “Dead”, characters are faced with autonomous decisions that shape their lives. This forlorn world casts a gloomy shadow over the characters of these stories. These stories are connected by their similar portrayal of Ireland. They clearly represent Joyce’s views on people’s discontent with Ireland.
A collection of short stories published in 1907, Dubliners, by James Joyce, revolves around the everyday lives of ordinary citizens in Dublin, Ireland (Freidrich 166). According to Joyce himself, his intention was to "write a chapter of the moral history of [his] country and [he] chose Dublin for the scene because the city seemed to [b]e the centre of paralysis" (Friedrich 166). True to his goal, each of the fifteen stories are tales of disappointment, darkness, captivity, frustration, and flaw. The book is divided into four sections: childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life (Levin 159). The structure of the book shows that gradually, citizens become trapped in Dublin society (Stone 140). The stories portray Joyce's feeling that Dublin is the epitome of paralysis and all of the citizens are victims (Levin 159). Although each story from Dubliners is a unique and separate depiction, they all have similarities with each other. In addition, because the first three stories -- The Sisters, An Encounter, and Araby parallel each other in many ways, they can be seen as a set in and of themselves. The purpose of this essay is to explore one particular similarity in order to prove that the childhood stories can be seen as specific section of Dubliners. By examining the characters of Father Flynn in The Sisters, Father Butler in An Encounter, and Mangan's sister in Araby, I will demonstrate that the idea of being held captive by religion is felt by the protagonist of each story. In this paper, I argue that because religion played such a significant role in the lives of the middle class, it was something that many citizens felt was suffocating and from which it was impossible to get away. Each of the three childhood stories uses religion to keep the protagonist captive. In The Sisters, Father Flynn plays an important role in making the narrator feel like a prisoner. Mr. Cotter's comment that "… a young lad [should] run about and play with young lads of his own age…" suggests that the narrator has spent a great deal of time with the priest. Even in death, the boy can not free himself from the presence of Father Flynn (Stone 169) as is illustrated in the following passage: "But the grey face still followed me. It murmured; and I understood that it desired to confess something.
Joyce through his writings displayed mockery and a straightforward rebellion against the church and their beliefs. But surprisingly Joyce was introduced to the ideas of religion at an early age. At the age of six he began his religion enlightenment as he attended Clongowes Wood College whom emphasized Jesuit beliefs. During this time in Joyce’s life he was picked on by the other students attending this college. In one incident “A boy had snatched his glasses and stood on them but a priest believed that Joyce had done it himself to avoid lessons and gave him a ‘pandying’” (O'Brien 1). Events like this were probably the fuel to the fire of his dislike towards religion. “The Jesuits he called in his adult life a ‘heartless order that bears the name of Jesus by antiphrasis’” (O'Brien 1). Later, at around eleven years old, he transferred over to the Belvedere College in Dublin. (Ebook 1) After his graduation at Dublin he determined that he knew an adequate amount of of the Jesuit religion, he officially rejected it (Gray 1). “After some religious experiences he lost his faith, then his patriotism, and held up those with whom he formerly worshipped to ridicule, and his country and her aspirations to contempt” (Collins 1). “Joyce was a humanist. A Renaissance man. Man is the center. God is in man. Anyone who looks elsewhere is just an ignorant sheep” (Sheila 1).
In Dubliners, James Joyce tells short stories of individuals struggling with life, in the city of Dublin. “It is a long road that has no turning” (Irish Proverb). Many individuals fight the battle and continue on the road. However, some give up and get left behind. Those who continue to fight the battle, often deal with constant struggle and suffering. A reoccurring theme, in which Joyce places strong emphasis on, is the constant struggle of fulfilling responsibilities. These responsibilities include; work, family and social expectations. Joyce writes about these themes because characters often feel trapped and yearn to escape from these responsibilities. In “The Little Cloud”, “Counterparts”, and “The Dead” characters are often trapped in unhappy living situations, often leading to a desire of escape from reality and daily responsibilities.
What affected James Joyces’ writing most were the events going around him in Europe during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. However, his own experiences had an impact in his style and writing material. Joyce was born in 1882 in Dublin Ireland and lived through reformations, wars, and trails until he died in Zürich in 1941. He was a man much in to politics and was much interested how a country was being led. In the year 1914, James wrote 15 short stories known as Dubliners, which also includes the short story “Araby” (Thomas). “Araby” is a short story in which he writes describing a young lad’s curiosity and naïve experience with love and in which he describes his personal life as a boy . Ireland was not always free and independent as it is now. England had control of Ireland since it took control in 1798 (Allison). This had a big effect in the life of James for all his childhood their country was under the control of a foreign hand. When Joyce first published his short stories, there were uprisings in the countries around since that same year, World War 1 started. Because of the turmoil in the countries about, Joyce had fit these events in with his pieces of fiction.
James Joyce wrote and published The Dubliners in the 1900s. During the majority of this time period, Ireland was thought of as one of the most oppressive countries in Europe. The Catholic Church was seen as the highest extent of the law and they did not encourage seeing women any higher than the second-class commonwealth of Ireland. In James Joyce’s The Dubliners, women are seen as victims of society, religion and the household. James Joyce leans towards feminism in how he portrays women in this book. However, even though most of the women in his stories face hardships and play against each other to get money, he promoted women’s suffrage through his short stories in The Dubliners.
Stephen Daedalus reappears in Joyce's masterpiece "Ulysses," but depicted with more sophisticated character traits (Dubinboston). As a young adult, James Joyce established his own set of principles in which to follow throughout life. These Principles became very apparent in both his writing and his life choices. Some people may even go as far as to call him a nationalist or nonconformist, especially in context regarding Catholicism and British rule over Ireland (Dubinboston). These principles were the result of many influencing factors that forever shaped his psychosocial development; factors such as religion, politics, Irish culture, the art of language, and Greek mythology. Ireland's historical background during Joyce's childhood and adolescence years significantly correlates with these influencing
Joyce, James. Dubliners. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The Portable James Joyce. Harry Levin, ed. Penguin. 1976, New York. Ulysses. Vintage, New York. 1961.
In his story "Araby," James Joyce portrays Dublin and its people in a negative light. " Dubliners" is a book written by the controversial Irish writer, and it was published in 1914, although the various stories in it were written between 1904 and 1907. Joyce rejected Christianity, his family, and Ireland, his country. He left Ireland in 1904 to live in Switzerland, where he began to write "Dubliners." Joyce also rejected Irish literature, and his favorite writers were Chekov, Ibsen, and Zola.
James Joyce began his writing career in 1914 with a series of realistic stories published in a collection called The Dubliners. These short literary pieces are a glimpse into the ‘paralysis’ that those who lived in the turn of the century Ireland and its capital experienced at various points in life (Greenblatt, 2277). Two of the selections, “Araby” and “The Dead” are examples of Joyce’s ability to tell a story with precise details while remaining a detached third person narrator. “Araby” is centered on the main character experiencing an epiphany while “The Dead” is Joyce’s experiment with trying to remain objective. One might assume Joyce had trouble with objectivity when it concerned the setting of Ireland because Dublin would prove to be his only topic. According the editors of the Norton Anthology of Literature, “No writer has ever been more soaked in Dublin, its atmosphere, its history, its topography. He devised ways of expanding his account of the Irish capital, however, so that they became microcosms of human history, geography, and experience.” (Greenblatt, 2277) In both “Araby” and “The Dead” the climax reveals an epiphany of sorts that the main characters experience and each realize his actual position in life and its ultimate permanency.
Peake, C.H. James Joyce: The Citizen and The Artist. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977. 56-109.