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Iroquois and the us constitution essay
Iroquois and the us constitution essay
Iroquois confederacy ap US history ch. 2
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The Iroquois Constitution was a document that was originally created to unite together five tribes who were facing many differences during the 1500’s. These five tribes were very similar and had many cultural aspects in common, yet, they lived in a state of constant warring. This consistent strife made them more liable to attacks and weaker. In response to these problems, a man named Dekanawida came up with a document on behalf of his beliefs and hopes for these local tribes. With it, they eventually established a system of government with the tribes located in the upper New York area. In Dekanawida’s “The Iroquois Constitution”, he argued that they needed to unite for the sake of peace among them all and that it would bring new hope to these …show more content…
Specifically, in the last paragraph, titled “War and Peace,” he discusses how they want to bury the past and begin anew. This paragraph is also brimming with charged language. Using specific words with strong connotations and imagery help to paint the picture clearer and more passionately. Words and phrases like “cavity,” “the depths of the earth,” “deep into underearth,” “weapons of strife,” and “water flowing to the unknown” are full of charged language and emotion/pathos. Dekanawida is attempting to inspire. He is also instilling fear into the people reading, convincing them to join because if they don’t, they are leaving themselves open to attacks and danger. This shows that they will be stronger, happier, and more peaceful together. They are trying to bury their weapons and agony of the past so they can move forward, striving for peace.
Dekanawida’s purpose is to draw up a long lasting document to unite and inspire generations to come and to create a sense of unity and peace among his fellow tribes to give them all a chance for success. This work is significant because it has lived on, evening inspiring the United State’s Constitution. A lot of the ideals shown have been carried on to today, as well as in the past, helping his tribe and others to better
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There are many similarities between the two documents which demonstrates the modern importance and impact the Iroquois’s document has. Freedoms like speech, religion, women’s rights, a government made for the people, etc. are said to have originated from their document. Even in our country’s seal, you see the eagle holding arrows in his talons representative of the original colonies. The Iroquois Constitution discusses a symbol of a bundle of 5 arrows for the five original tribes of the confederacy. The Iroquois Confederacy also seems very similar to the United Nations. They were both formed with the same ideals in mind and are made up of nations that originally considered themselves just as individuals. As the United States was seeking inspiration for their own document, they looked to the effectiveness and organization of the Iroquois Confederacy. “In 1988, to mark the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, Congress passed a resolution stating that “the confederation of the original Thirteen Colonies into one republic was influenced by the political system developed by the Iroquois Confederacy…” (Close Reader pg. 61). Today, it is recognized as one of the oldest living documents and has continued to show its importance in our everyday lives. Without the inspiration taken from this document by our country’s founding fathers, who knows what kind of state we’d be
As noted at its conception the constitution was not recorded in a written language, but portrayed through wampum. As time progressed and English was introduced to the Haudenosaunee the constitution was recorded in a written language. The first section contains the history of the people and binds them together, under one creator and tells the tale of how and why the constitution was created. The following three sections contain the type of government to be formed, procedures of the government, how leaders where to be chosen, and how decisions were to be made. It is here where the ideas of representation and equality are expounded upon. It was important to Deganwida that all felt they were a part of the government they were creating and that all would be seen as equals. As such each clan would provide a chief to represent them within the government. This was to ensure all clans of all tribes would be a part of the decision making process. In addition, while it was determined that the chiefs would be male, they were to be chosen by the matriarchs of each clan. This was to ensure that all, men and women, would
During the late 1780s, many U.S. citizens were interested in purchasing land in the Ohio River Valley area. These citizens eventually got Congress to pass the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. This ordinance gave settlers basic rights and illegalized slavery in the Ohio River Valley. There were three major parts to creating new states within the ordinance. The first section stated that when a new territory began to establish, Congress would appoint a governor, a secretary, and three judges for that territory. The second section of the Northwest Ordinance only applied to territories including a population of 5,000 free adult males. It stated that once the territory met that criteria, it could elect a legislature. The final part of the Northwest Ordinance allowed territories with 60,000 free settlers to request for statehood.
There were many differences between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. At the end of the American Revolution the free states needed some sort of control that would generate to a unified country. Issues arose such as: How should power be divided between local and national governments? How should laws be made, and by whom? Who should be authorized to govern those laws? How could the government be designed to protect the unalienable individual rights? Their first attempt at solving this issue was the Articles of Confederation, which was a failure for the most part, but not completely. After the failure of the articles, the state delegates tried to revise the articles, but instead, constructed the Constitution. There were so many changes made and very little remained the same.
In order to understand the lack of morality on the part of the United States, the actions taken by the group in favor of removing the Indians and their opponents needs examining. The seeds of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 are rooted in colonial times and continued to grow during the early years of the American republic. To comprehend this momentous tragedy we must first examine the historical background of the Indian '"'problem'"' and seek rationale for the American government"'"s actions. This includes looking at the men who politically justified the expulsion of the Cherokee nation and those who argued against it.
Democracy can be traced back before the coming of Christ. Throughout Greece during the sixth century democracy was in its earliest stages and as the millenniums would pass the power of government by the people would show distinct alterations. This is evident when analyzing The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears by Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green. These authors illustrate how the U.S government adjusts policies from that of assimilating the Native American Indians to that of removing them from their homelands and forcibly causing the Cherokee nation to relocate themselves west of the Mississippi. In further depth Perdue and Green portray though vivid description how the government would show disloyalty and how that caused division between the tribal members of the Cherokee people. This endeavor of travel and animosity of the Indians would become known as the Trail of Tears.
The “Utmost Good Faith” clause from the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 however, stated, “The utmost good faith shall always be observed toward the Indians; their land and property shall not be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed.” (Document 9). However, a letter from three Seneca Indian leaders to George Washington, President of the United States, argued, “When your army entered the country of Six (Iroquois) Nations, we called you the town destroyer; to this day, when your name is heard, our women look behind them and turn pale, and our children cling to the necks of their mothers…” (Document 10). This, in fact, proves the American Revolution was not revolutionary because the Indians were promised the “Utmost Good Faith” and that their land and property would never be invaded or disturbed, but their towns were left completely devastated and halted society from changing into a better
The federal government proceeded to find a way around this decision and had three minor Cherokee chief’s sign the “Treaty of New Echota” in 1835 giving the Cherokee lands to the government for 5.6 million dollars and free passage west. Congress got the treaty ratified by only one vote. Members of their tribes murdered all three chiefs who took part in the signing of the treaty. After this event there was not much the Cherokee’s could do and were forcibly moved west on what they called and are known today as the ‘Trail of Tears,’ which became a constitutional crisis in our history. In this instance the lack of cooperation between the branches of the government was the downfall for the Cherokee nation. The way the Cherokee’s were forced west caused losses of up to twenty percent of the nation. This figure is only a guess and scholar’s think it was more a third of the nation was lost. The ‘Trail of Tears’ was also a morale issue in the United States, later having an impact on our history the way other Native American races in general are treated in the future.
The formation of the confederacy goes back to when the peacemaker formed the 5 nations into “The Great League of Peace”. These five nations that were in the region between the Great Lakes they consisted of the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. The confederacy formed because it wanted to keep the peace from internal raids and to stop the fighting between one another. The groups fought many fight until a Mohawk man named Hiawatha taught his people the condolence rituals from a spirit he went back home and spoke to the people about peace and this later became the foundation of the Iroquois confederacy. The goal of the Iroquois was to create a peaceful relationship with the nations and to strengthen the alliance against invasions
Women had limited rights during the 19th Century. The Seneca Falls convention was a woman’s rights convention located in Seneca Falls in what is today known as Finger Lakes District (Page 3). This convention paved the road to help women gain rights and to stop being so dependent on men. At this time period women were not allowed to vote, own land, have a professional career, they only received minor education, etc. In an interesting book, Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement, by Sally G. McMillen she explains the widespread significance of the convention that changed women’s history. From 1840 to 1890, over the course of 50 years. Four astonishing women; Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B Anthony and Lucy
The Native American Indians are a vital piece of the society of the United States. While their kin have existed on this land for many years, today their numbers are reducing. Once, the Native Americans lived on this continent with little discourse and disturbance. They were overall nourished, content, and established. Truth be told, the men and women generally were set in regular parts. The men were seekers, warriors, and defenders, while the women watched out for the youngsters, their homes, and cultivated. It relied on upon the tribe when it came to craftsmanship. In a few tribes, the men would really weave baskets and blankets. Common nourishments were expended and chased. Deer, wild ox, fish, and different feathered birds were the wildlife of decision. Corn, beans, squash, berries, nuts, and melons were the leafy foods that were expended. Berries were additionally frequently utilized as a characteristic color for fabrics. While the late 1800’s into the 1900’s and past started to bring battle to the Native American Indians, they battled an intense...
Times were very hard for Native Americans during the mid to late 1800s. The reasons for their afflictions could only be blamed upon the United States of America. For thousands of years, Native Americans had roamed around the Americas. There had also been many tribes spread across the West that fought between each other in order to have their land.1 It wasn’t until after reconstruction in the United States, that the white Americans started having ordeals with the Native Americans. The main tribes involved in the conflict starting around 1850 were the Lakota people and the Sioux. The relationship between them can only be remembered for broken treaties and wars. It is true that these tribes had only mind there own business for many centuries for the White Americans. It wasn’t around the 1850’s, that the United States were interested in the gold that was existing in the territories the belonged to the Native Americans. This would be the starting point of what historians call the Indian Wars that would last about half a century. The question is though, why? Why were there so many battles between the United States government and the Native Americans? Why was there so many hatred between them? Finally, who caused the violence? Many historians would believe that the government only wanted to have gold and then leave the Indian’s at peace and that they were the ones that acted irrationally. However, this is in fact a lie. It is genuine that they also wanted to rob them from there identity and who the Native Americans were as people. There was something much more than just gold in the Indian Wars. Although it may seem that the United States government only wanted riches from the Native American’s land, they actually wanted to extract t...
The two items which are defined in the document are “(1) The tribal organization. (2) The Indian reservation.” For one, the United States government set up the Indian reservations, creating poor living conditions that would hinder the ability to progress at the rate that the Untied States formulated for them. The soil, for instance, in Oklahoma, where most of the reservations were at during this time, were awful for farming. Therefore, the Indians would starve and be in ill health. Again, the United States contradicted itself in regards to Indian policy, by choosing to ignore the most crucial parts of history that led to the poor conditions of the
Aboriginals influenced classical Liberalism to some extent due to other numerous factors that are contributed in influencing classical Liberalism. Various opposing tribes occupied similar grounds in North America, consequently caused disputes which subsequently led to fighting. Due to the constant fights that were occurring, men were dying from each tribe and as a result a solution was needed to be established. Therefore, decided on unifying the five tribes in order to create one tribe termed the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee.) This enabled there to peace and ultimately a more unified tribe, drastically limiting on their disputes by resolving them democratically. Additionally, Iroquois women were perceived as equal to their counterparts, therefore
The movement westward during the late 1800’s created new tensions among already strained relations with current Native American inhabitants. Their lands, which were guaranteed to them via treaty with the United States, were now beginning to be intruded upon by the massive influx of people migrating from the east. This intrusion was not taken too kindly, as Native American lands had already been significantly reduced due to previous westward conquest. Growing resentment for the federal government’s Reservation movement could be felt among the native population. One Kiowa chief’s thoughts on this matter summarize the general feeling of the native populace. “All the land south of the Arkansas belongs to the Kiowas and Comanches, and I don’t want to give away any of it” (Edwards, 203). His words, “I don’t want to give away any of it”, seemed to a mantra among the Native Americans, and this thought would resound among them as the mounting tensions reached breaking point.
The Mohawk are a part of the Iroquois, which are very connected in culture and language. They made a confederacy around 1600, and there are no know records of any other group of tribes doing this before 1600. Originally composed of 5 tribes (the Tuscarora didn’t join till 1722) the tribes had a place in the metaphorical longhouse. They were the “Kanyengehaga”, or “people of the flint” (Ritchie) because of the flinty place where they lived. They were the guardians of the eastern door, which would become a crucial position when trade began with the early settlers. The other tribes were the Oneidas, Onondaga, Seneca, and Cayuga. The Iroquois council was composed of Sachems. Sachems were council me...