Investigation of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble chips

Investigation of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and marble chips

A chemical reaction is when two or more substance called reactants are chemically bonded to form a new product, as a result of the process, for a reaction to take place, the particles must have enough kinetic energy to collide and form new bonds , this is called a successful collision. The minimum amount of energy needed for a successful collision is activation energy, which is “The energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process can occur”. Chemical reaction is different to a physical reaction, chemical reaction are not reversible and results in a new product, however a physical reaction can be easily reversed as it only changed its state. The activation energy is able to loosen particles and enable them to from new bonds to produce new products. The faster the molecules are moving the bigger the chance of a successful collision, so the faster and stronger the reaction will be , the more kinetic energy a reactant has the easier it is for the new bonds the collide and produce new bonds.

Variables that you could change
Concentration of hydrochloric acid
Surface area of chips
Mass of marble chips
Pressure
Temperature
Volume of hydrochloric acid
Time allowed to measure oxygen given of
Volume of gas collected

Varying the concentration

Higher concentration will make the reaction stronger, there will be more particles in the same volume so there are a lot more collisions, making the reaction faster and increasing the chance of a successful collision, lower concentration makes a weaker reaction, there will be fewer particles so less chance of a collision.

Varying the pressure

A higher amount of pressure will bring particles closer together making the reaction faster as there will be more collision with the energy, a lower amount of pressure will make the particles more spread put , making the reaction slower and reducing the amount of collision and energy.

Varying the surface area

A larger surface area will result in the number of particles to increase so there will be a higher chance of a collision increasing the rate of reaction , so the reactant broke into smaller pieces would react faster oppose to larger pieces.

Varying the temperature

An increased temperature will increase the speed of the particle so they collide more frequent as they have more energy. Therefore the reaction will speed up, a decreased temperature will have less energy it will move slower, collide less often slowing the reaction down.

Varying the catalyst

If I increase the catalyst , the particles will move a lot faster as the catalyst speeds up the rate of reaction, because they are moving