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Effect of temperature on the rate
Effect of temperature on the rate
Effect of temperature on the rate
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PLAN Introduction: After having built up knowledge about the kinetics of reactions I decided to do an investigation in this area. I was initially introduced to this particular reaction1 in EP6.4 and then in AA2.1. I was interested in using this reaction as a means of potentially supporting and quantifying some of the theories that I have studied along with also perhaps extending on them. Aim: Using a clock reaction I shall: • Investigate the effect of concentration for each reactant and use the results to find the rate equation for this particular reaction. • Investigate the effect of temperature on the rate and use the results to find the activation enthalpy for this particular reaction. Background detail The Reaction:2 The reaction I am studying is often referred to as an ‘iodine clock reaction.’ A clock reaction is where the time taken to form a definite, small amount of a product at the beginning of a reaction is recorded to work out the rate. This reaction involves the oxidation of iodide ions to iodine molecules which are soluble in water and are visible as a pale brown clear solution. The formation of the iodine can easily be detected because all other species in the reaction mixture are colourless. The addition of starch to the reaction mixture further enhances the colour change by forming a dark blue-black complex with the iodine. The overall ionic equation is: (the spectator ions K+ have been left out to see the electron transfer clearly) S2O82- (aq) + 2I- (aq) 2SO42- (aq) + I2 (aq) The initial rate of the reaction can be measured by measuring the time it takes to produce a fixed small amount of iodine in the reaction as mentioned above. This can be done by adding thiosulphate ions into the reaction system which instantaneously revert the iodine molecules to iodide ions. When the amount of thiosulphate ions run out, iodine is produced and there is a sudden colour change. A sudden colour change makes the time required for the iodine to be produced very obvious. This reaction is shown in the equation: 2S2O32- (aq) + I2 (aq) S4O62- (aq) + 2I- (aq) The total amount of iodine produced in the reaction mixture can be calculated by the equivalent amount of thiosulphate added to the reaction mixture. This way the rate can be measured in concentration of iodine produced per unit time rather than just as a reciprocal of time. This is important because it enables me to work out the rate constant, k, in the rate equation which I will discuss later.
Then, an amount of KI (solid) about a size that would fit on a match head was dissolved in 0.05 of Potassium Iodate solution and about 1 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M HCl were added, which exhibited a weak positive test for IO_3^- (aq). After the weak positive test, an amount of KI (solid) about a size that would fit on a match head was dissolved in about 1 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M HCl, which exhibited a negative
Shaughnessy, M. F., & Wakefield, J. F. (2003). Creativity: Assessment. In N. Piotrowski & T. Irons-Georges (Eds.), Magill's encyclopedia of social science:Psychology (pp. 459-463). Pasadena, CA: Salem Press.
Experiment is to investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate Þ Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide 2HCl (aq) CaCo3 (s) CaCl2(s) H2O (aq) CO2 (g) There are a number of variables in this experiment and these are listed below as input variables and outcome variables.
In the operating room, there are many things that come into play to keep the patient and staff safe at all times. The safety checks that are double-checked before the surgery are extensive and they are
Thus using Hess' law we can calculate the enthalpy change of reaction 3. Reaction 3: H = Reaction 1 - Reaction 2. H = -17.67 - (-88.15) =
Pro life vs. pro choice is a very sensitive subject to argue among a crowd. A large number of advantages and disadvantages leave individuals in an uproar while explaining their stance. Views on religion, myths, and unfit mothers show different arguments to each opposing side. Alternatives to abortion and the future aspects have shown many different pieces about pro life and pro choice. To start, pro life arguments will be stated along with the writer’s opinions. Finally, the writer’s opinions on the subject following pro choice disputes. This provides a clear understanding between the two opposing topics.
The rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets reacts with water Statement of problem The aim of the experiment is to find out the rate at which Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water. The input variable that I will change is temperature. The output variable will be measured by the time it takes for the Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve.
At first glance, creativity doesn’t seem like a difficult concept. Creative people are either geniuses who pump out innovative ideas day and night, or they are ordinary individuals who experience a sudden flash of genius, only to fade back into normality. This definition of creativity, along with many of the other versions an average person might come up with, is fundamentally flawed: it implies that people don’t have a choice in whether or not they could generate innovative ideas. This interpretation is extremely discouraging for anyone hoping to be successful in the age of technology, where ingenuity has replaced intelligence as the most important quality a person can possess. Luckily, creativity is not just an entity that some people possess and others don’t; it is a skill that people should strive to advance. Creativity and its development are common topics for psychologists and academics, and a plethora of research has been conducted on this subject.
Creativity is defined as the generation of ideas that are both useful and original (Ritter & Ferguson, 2017). Creativity is tested through the measurements of two different types of thinking – divergent and convergent (Ritter & Ferguson, 2017). Divergent thinking is being able to generate new ideas and perspectives; it is measured through the Unusual Uses test in which subjects are given an object and must list all uses, even unusual ones, for an object (Ritter & Ferguson, 2017). The Unusual Uses test in a no noise condition is commonly used to create a baseline for assessing individual creative potential (Toplyn & Maguire, 1991). Convergent thinking is the ability to
However, in order to measure the rates of reaction, sodium thiosulphate and starch are added. Sodium thiosulphate is added to react with a certain amount of iodine as it is made. Without the thiosulphate, the solution would turn blue/black immediately, due to the iodine and starch. The thiosulphate ions allow the rate of reaction to be determined by delaying the reaction so that it is practical to measure the time it takes for the iodine to react with the thiosulphate. After the all the thiosulphate has reacted with the iodine, the free iodine displays a dark blue/black colour with the starch. If t is the time for the blue/black colour to appear, then 1/t is a measure of the initial rate.
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
This is the first reaction in the Harcourt Essen experiment. The iodine is oxidised to produce I2 wh...
Looking at the table of results above and the graph, it is shown that the higher the temperature got, the shorter the reaction time. The obtained results have been plotted on a line graph of the temperature of hydrochloric acid (y-axis) against reaction time (x-axis). This line graph in fig.2 also clearly shows that as the temperature increases, so does the speed of the reaction, shown by a reduction in the time taken. This corroborates the collision theory, where as the temperature of particles increase, the particles gain more kinetic energy and react with each other upon collision. This is shown as to happen in the hydrochloric acid, where the hydrochloric acid particles collide more with the particles of the magnesium ribbon as the temperature was increased. The above graph shows a gradual sloping curve, which gets steeper at higher temperatures. This shows that the reaction will reach a peak rate of activity as the gaps between the temperature and reaction times continue to decrease. The experiment fulfills the aim and clearly shows that as the temperature of a reaction is increased so does it’s rate of reaction, proving the hypothesis to be correct.
Everyone comes from a different cultural background. Many of us though, never really stop to think about what defines our own, I, myself included. This is important to do though, so one, we can know ourselves better, but also so we can start to understand other cultures as well. Surrounding the idea of culture are the concepts of ethnicity, class, gender, age, and belief, each of which I will be reflecting upon.
The time taken for this to happen is the measure of the rate of reaction. We must do this several times, and change the concentration of sodium thiosulphate. The rate of reaction is a measure of the change, which happens during a reaction in a single unit of time. The things that affect the rate of reaction are as follows. Surface area of the reactants Concentration of the reactants