Investigating the Relationship Between Surface Area and the Rate of Oxygen Produced When Potato is Placed in Hydrogen Peroxide
Investigation
I am trying to find out the relationship between surface area and the
rate of oxygen produced when potato is placed in hydrogen peroxide.
Introduction
I will find out that if the surface area of a potato cylinder changes,
will the amount of oxygen produced by the enzyme catalase be affected.
Prediction
I predict that as the surface area of the potato cylinder increases,
the quicker the reaction between the hydrogen peroxide and potato
cylinders and therefore more oxygen will be produced. One reason for
more oxygen being produced as the surface area increases is that more
active sites are present which increases the chances of catalase
breaking down the hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water.
Scientific Evidence to support my prediction
The speed of a reaction can be affected by a few factors. One of these
factors is catalase. Catalase is one type of enzyme. An enzyme is also
a type of catalyst which can increase the speed and rate of a
reaction.
Enzymes work because they are covered in active sites which allows
them only to lock into certain molecules. This process is the lock and
key theory.
The lock and theory works when something has an active site and only a
certain substrate will fit into this active site. When the substrate
and active site fit together, the enzyme will start to work. Enzymes
speed up the rate of reactions.
The lock and key theory is applicable in this experiment. The lock is
the catalase enzyme and the key is hydrogen peroxide. When the
catalase enzyme's active site meets with0 hydrogen peroxide's
substrate the enzyme releases products which break down the hydrogen
peroxide into oxygen.
Subsequently, when there is more surface area of the potato cylinder,
there are more active sites exposed and there is more possiblity of
lots of active sites meeting with substrates. The substrates and
active sites meeting means that the hydrogen peroxide is broken down
Whole carrots have a different reaction to the higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. There is a dramatic increase in the rate of reaction of catalase enzymes in the whole carrot, meaning that the saturations kinetics can be utilized at much higher rates of concentration.
The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs, thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law, it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentrations such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reaction, there will be one reaction that is slower than the others.
Method: [IMAGE] Equipment needed: Ruler Measuring Cylinder Scalpel Tongs Pipette Thermometer Tri-pod Stop-clock Gauze Delivery Tube Bunsen Burner Beaker Matches/Lighter Potato Hydrogen Peroxide Solution (20%) Water Lead Nitrate The skin of the potato was removed using a scalpel and then cut into 1cm², using a ruler to measure the size of each cube, four cubes are required for each experiment, and therefore at least 36 cubes are required for the full experiment to take place. Fill a beaker half way with water, and place a thermometer in the water. Allow the thermometer to warm to room temperature to gather an accurate reading, and measure the temperature, using the thermometer. A measuring cylinder was used to put 10ml of Hydrogen Peroxide Solution into a
Objective: The objective of the experiment is to determine what factors cause a change in speed of a reaction. It is also to decide if the change is correlated with the balanced equation of the reaction and, therefore, predictable. To obtain a reaction, permanganate, MnO_4^(1-), must be reduced by oxalic acid, C_2 O_4 H_2. The balanced equation for the reaction is:
Water Potential of Potato Cells Aim: To demonstrate the Water Potential of Potato Cells. Objectives: · To show the water potential of potato cells using various measured concentrations of a sucrose solution and pieces of potato. · To record and analyse data to verify observed results. · The method and procedure was carried out as per instruction sheet. Observations: The experiment shows that the lower the concentration of the sugar solution, in the Petri dish, the mass of the potato increased.
the reaction; if it speeds it up, slows it down or changes it in any
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the affect of the use of a catalyst and temperature on the rate of reaction while keeping all the other factors that affect the reaction rate constant.
Osmosis in Potato Tubes Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration. Diagram: [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Aim: To see the effects of different concentration of sugar solution on Osmosis in potato tubes. Key factor: In the investigation we change the sugar solution from: 0%-10%-20%-30%-40%-50% this is the independent variable; the dependant variable is the change in mass. Prediction: I predict that all the potato tubes in pure water or low concentration sugar solution will swell because water enters their cells by osmosis.
How the Concentration of the Substrate Affects the Reaction in the Catalase Inside Potato Cells Introduction Enzymes are made of proteins and they speed up reactions, this means that they act as catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of our cell's activities and is very toxic. The enzymes in our bodies break down the hydrogen peroxide at certain temperatures they work best at body temperature, which is approximately 37 degrees. At high temperatures, the cells begin to denature. This means that the hydrogen peroxide is prevented from being broken down because they will not 'fit' into the enzyme.[IMAGE] Objective I am going to find out how the concentration of the substrate, hydrogen peroxide affects the reaction in the catalase inside the potato cells.
Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence a rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects a
One vital process in the human body observed in chemistry is the idea of chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions, or how fast reactions occur.1 Three factors that affect chemical kinetics are concentration, temperature, and catalysis. As the concentration of a substance increases, the rate of the reaction also increases.1 This relationship is valid because when more of a substance is added in a reaction, it increases the likelihood that the
And the symbol equation for it is:. Na2S2O3 + 2HCl, S + SO2 + 2Na + H2O. Before conducting my experiment, I will research into, amongst other things, the factors that affect the rate of a reaction. This is so that I may have enough information to understand the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction and also gain appropriate understanding to make a suitable prediction as to what the outcome of my experiment will be. Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously.
The Effect of Salt Solution Concentration On The Mass Of Potatoes Introduction = == == == ==
that the rate of reaction must be fast enough to make as much of the
The time taken for this to happen is the measure of the rate of reaction. We must do this several times, and change the concentration of sodium thiosulphate. The rate of reaction is a measure of the change, which happens during a reaction in a single unit of time. The things that affect the rate of reaction are as follows. Surface area of the reactants Concentration of the reactants