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Journal Article Review: Intervention Studies on Forgiveness: A Meta-Analysis
Summary
The motivation and tendency of people to forgive others remains an important topic of discussion. In today’s society most people at some period have experienced feeling of un forgiveness towards friend, or relatives. “Forgiveness was defined as the ability to relinquish of resentment towards others” (Baskin & Enright, 2004, p. 80).
The purpose of this paper is to examine current research on forgiveness, by conducting a Meta-Analysis multiple studies on forgiveness. By conducting Meta-Analysis a latest research, will provide guidance for the configuration and expansion for future research on forgiveness.
“Earlier research proposed that people who have been treated unfair or have emotional problems could benefit from forgiving” (Baskin and Enright, 2004, p.79).
This research examined three theories on forgiveness intervention. First, Baskin and Enright, (2004, p.82) separate the study group into three classifications rather evaluate the entire category of studies on forgiveness into one group. Second, Baskin and Enright, (2004, p.82) categorized difference and compared decision-based verses process -based amongst previous research.
Third, Baskin and Enright, (2004, p.82) “examined how effective forgiveness therapy within a counseling session”. Baskin and Enright, (2004, p. 79) hypothesized forgiveness therapy is effective in clinical and counseling sessions for intervention.
Methods
Baskin and Enright, (2004, p.85) analyzed data from nine empirical studies on the effectiveness of forgiveness intervention in counseling settings. They then performed a test of Homogeneity to determine whether the studies could be arranged into one or t...
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... also forgive you” (New International Version).
Forgiveness does not mean that you agree with the treatment but that you are refusing to hold on to it. Ms. James said forgiveness is a process. The first part is understanding that you are not condoning the behavior. Second, acknowledging that your parents had problems that led them to mistreatment you. Third, praying for those who hurt you, helps you become free from bondage of the pain. At the end of the session, Karen asked Ms. James to pray for her. Karen told the reception on the way out I feel better and reschedule her appointment for next week.
References
Baskin, T. D., & Enright, R. W. (2004). Journal Article Review: Intervention Studies on Forgiveness: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82, 79-89.
Hayford, J.W. (2002) New Spirit Filled Life. Thomas Nelson Bibles
—Forgiveness is a suite of prosocial motivational changes that happened after a person has incurred a transgression (McCullogh). McCullogh also asserts the forgiveness process includes empathy for the transgressor, generous attributions and appraisals regarding the transgression and transgressor, and rumination abalout the transgression where agreeableness takes a serious place in the person who needs to forgive someone. Andre was impressed by his father’s work, the emotion developed in Andre’s mind have given up revenge and resentment thought to his father. When Andre’s father had an accident that made his legs crushed and had to sit on a wheelchair for the rest of his life; Andre immediately felt how vulnerable people are. He cherished the relationship with his father, in fact after the accident Andre started to cherish everyone besides him. The accident was a trigger to a prosocial motivational change to Andre and his father’s relationship. “But deliver us from evil. Amen” (Dubus, 387). Andre prayed on his father’s funeral. Forgiveness needs something to trigger; Andre understand pop’s condition and forgave him. Andre knew that his father has done the best he could, and he was happy and grateful that he had a father. Moreover, Andre’s life was full of sports, the healing process was impacted by
LeGuin, Ursula K. “Forgiveness Day.” Four Ways to Forgiveness. New York: HarperPaperbacks, 1995. Pp. 47-124.
It is amazing to know how much studies has been done and the good outcome of the practice on forgiveness intervention with the hope focused couple approach for 20 years (Ripley & Worthington, 2014). The FREE model is based on the forgiveness – based intervention that has been beneficial for many years to help the couple rekindle their love and forgive each other. It can be used with adults, parents, couples and adolescents.
Kelley’s (1998) analysis of forgiveness explains that there are three ways that individuals forgive: directly, indirectly, and conditionally. Direct forgiveness, i.e. “I forgive you,” is most often employed within a direct discussion about the transgression at hand. Indirect forgiveness occurs when the forgiver acts in such a way that implies forgiveness without explicitly sta...
Forgiveness is the process of acceptance and closure after being wronged by a person. At some point in everyone's life, there will be moments where forgiving someone just isn’t possible, but i t needs to be done. For everyone deserves a second chance every once in awhile.
The essay "Forgiveness," written by June Callwood, explores the concept of forgiving and how it influences people's lives for the better. Her work describes many components of forgiveness, such as how difficult it can be to come to terms with, why it is such a crucial part of humanity, and how it affects all people. Her essay aims to prove that forgiveness is the key to living peacefully and explains specific examples of people who have encountered extremely difficult situations in their lives- all of whom found it within themselves to forgive. To clearly portray this message in her writing, Callwood uses several strategies. She includes fear inducing statistics, makes many references to famous events and leaders, and uses a serious convincing tone, all of which are very effective.
Enright, R.D., & Reed, G. L. (2006). The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women After Spousal Emotional Abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 920-929.
Although before this discussion I was not thinking of that type of forgiveness but rather self-forgiveness. I was focused on this because, what if those you hurt are unwilling to forgive—even if you follow all the right steps and are truly remorseful, you cannot control others own feelings. Self-forgiveness was also important to me because I felt that not even Marcella’s forgiveness could help Cal, because even as she stated multiple times how good his presence had been, he could not view himself in a good light. This made me believe that Cal needed to go inward to begin freeing himself from guilt. Bringing this up in a small group discussion, I saw that this made some inside students uncomfortable.
Forgiveness is one of the hardest things to do concerning one another’s well-being. The step of forgiveness requires us to look past the wrongs that have been done to us, and without any sort of retribution or atonement of sorts, drop that wrong-doing out of the scope of the relationship and move on. Christianity and Psychology have differing, yet surprisingly similar ways of looking at the role of forgiving one another. The agreement is obvious, Psychologists and Christians alike recognize that forgiveness has great value in preserving relationships, not just personal but communal as well. The disagreement tends to be a difference of opinion in what context forgiveness is appropriate. The question then bears itself, who is right? Should we
Forgiveness is crucial for a clear conscience and peace of mind for the both of them. However, all of this is arguable by the fact that today’s experiences are incomparable to those of Hitler’s times. One cannot begin to place one in each other’s shoes and know exactly how to respond to the events happening. One can only guess how they would respond, but until they are in that moment, all plausible reasoning can change. Nevertheless, forgiveness continues to be an aspect of everyday life in every century.
If you have experienced a break up, or you find that you may be heading towards a break up, it is important to consider the importance of forgiveness in relationships. Forgiveness is not a simple task; however, there are many benefits to doing so. By learning the strategies behind the concept of forgiving someone, you are possibly equipping the relationship that you are in with a tool that can be quite productive in overcoming the complications that you and your partner are facing. In this guide, I will expound on the techniques behind the art of forgiveness in relationships.
Reed, G. L., & Enright, R. D. (2006). The effects of forgiveness therapy on depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress for women after spousal emotional abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 920-929. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.920
We see it effects us in our communities as well: when warring gangs call for a cease-fire after years of senseless killings; when a spouse accepts into his or her home, a marriage partner who has repented from unfaithfulness; when a former addict becomes sober, makes amends, and is fully restored to family and community. Each time we witness an act of forgiveness, we marvel at its power to heal, to break a seemingly unending cycle of pain. Forgiveness is something virtually all Americans aspire to. Following September 11, 2001, Palestinian and Israeli officials issued orders to pull back from aggression and violence. The world is witnessing astonishing acts of forgiveness and of seeking forgiveness. Forgiveness is the key that can unshackle us from a past that will not rest in the grave of things over and done with. As long as our minds are captive to the memory of having been wrong, then we are not free to wish for reconciliation with the one who wronged us.
Forgiveness is the act of releasing an offender of any wrong or hurt they may have caused you whether they deserve it or not. It is a decision to let go of resentment or vengeance toward a person or group of people. When we choose to forgive, we’re wiping the slate clean, cancelling a debt, or as I love to say, “Letting it go.” In the Bible, the Greek word for forgiveness literally means to “let it go.” This concept, “forgiveness,” is easier said than done. Majority of people find it very difficult to let go of offenses and hurts caused by others. I really do believe that most people desire to let it go, but we lack the knowledge of how to do it. As believers, we are instructed by God maintain an attitude of forgiveness.
A strong Christian lesson on the true nature of forgiveness can be found in Christ’s Sermon on the Mount: