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The role of culture in international marketing
How does cultural diversity affect international marketing
How does cultural diversity affect international marketing
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Introduction Products, services… are the heart of the company which tries its best to sell them and make lots of profit. In order to succeed on the market, firms must be very careful how they promote their goods. Here comes advertising, who plays a huge role in persuading the audience (readers, viewers or listeners) to buy the products/ services. Therefore firms have to study the culture, people to whom they want to sale so that they will know how to get into the persons mind and hearts. For a company that goes international this aspect can be very delicate since requires research, learning and readapting advertising to a new environment. Firms are used with their own culture, characteristics, ways to sale the product but when you change the …show more content…
It’s not only a matter of having a good product, but today, we also talk about the way the product is presented to the consumer which will determine whether or not the consumer will buy the product or service. “Cultural communications are deeper and more complex than spoken or written messages. The essence of effective cross-cultural communication has more to do with releasing the right responses than with sending the “right” messages” (Hall & Hall 1990, p. 4). When a company is choosing its strategy for venturing into a new market it has to know that is important to be aware of the receiving …show more content…
Since the customers are those who set the “rules” when it comes to advertising, companies have to be aware of the characteristics of the culture in which they want to sell their products in order to know how to develop a good advert or to readapt the existent one to the new culture. Regarding to this aspect, we can talk about standardized or differentiated advertising. Standardization is supported by the idea of globalization and that the differences between countries are superficial and people from all over the world should have the desire to buy the same product for the same reasons even though they come from different cultures. Standardization of advertising would first occur in countries that use the same language and have a similar level of economic development (Stephan Dahl, 2004). For some products, standardization would be the best option, for example products that have a correlation between a specific country’s reputation in a particular field and positive associations e.g. chocolate from Belgium- associated with high quality. As well, products that have a visual appeal are very suitable for standardization (Pickton & Broderick 2005, p. 176-179). Even though a product might be suitable for more countries, the consumer’s needs, traditions and usage of the product or service may differ
Fletcher, R., & Crawford, H. (2011). International Marketing: An Asia –Pacific Perspective, 5th Edition, Sydney: Pearson Education Australia.
Impact of culture on marketing strategies can be is explained by taking an example of Disneyland, launched Euro Disney and maintained its standard tried and tested formula with the assumption that customers would seek the authentic Disney experience. But shortly into the launch, Euro Disney was declared a failure. Of the many reasons that were attributed to Euro Disney’s failure, the one that stood out clearly was Euro Disney’s lack of localizing the brand experience. Euro Disney followed the brand policies to the word – English-only instructions, no wine consumption on park grounds, high ticket prices, and standardized merchandise and food items. This resulted in wide spread dissatisfaction among the customers. But Euro Disney was just following the golden rule of branding – consistency in its brand elements.
Competition in the business world is fierce and in order to survive companies must expand. “With the increasing globalization of markets, companies find they are unavoidably enmeshed with foreign customers, competitors, and suppliers, even within their own borders,” (Cateora-Graham, 2007). One way in which many companies have done this is by going global. International marketing, although more prominent than ever before, is still a difficult arena for marketers to master. Although religion and culture are not immediately brought to mind when business is brought up, marketing is one aspect of business that is highly sensitive to culture. Not only culture, but also politics, the economy and the law effect marketing strategies. This paper will examine the differences between the American and Japanese marketing environments.
Language and culture are problematic issues when it comes to international marketing. When a company enters the global markets it has to deal with many issues, which do not exist when it comes to the local market. Language is one of the problems and is always a challenge. Even though English is spoken around the world in most cases it cannot be used as a language for international campaign. Therefore the translation of the campaign into the foreign language is very important.
Belk (2004)have explored the effects of global and local advertising in China, specifically the effects on the consumer views of foreign brands and Chinese brands. The study was conducted with a group of participants of 40 people, with age groups ranging from 20 to 65. The research has found that the responses from the participants were divided in to two. The first segment of participants exhibited preferences favorably directed towards the more globalized views. The other segment of the group was in favor of stronger preservation of Chinese values hence the positive view of local origin products. Furthermore the study has found that the larger part of the participants were still in favor of the western advertising appeals. These western advertising appeals were described to be seen as cosmopolitanism, excitement, modernity, quality, technology, and beauty by Zhou and Belk (2004). However this does not mean that there was an abandonment of feelings of national pride, patriotism, or Chinese values, exhibited by the
J Lin, C.C., Tu, R., Chen, K., & Tu, P. (2007). The changing expectations of consumers in cross-cultural service encounters. International Management Review 3(3), 27+. Retrieved from http://www.questia.com/read/5035128037?title=The%20Changing%20Expectations%20of%20Consumers%20in%20Cross-cultural%20Service%20Encounters
A company will want to know the power and effectiveness of their ads and about the society it is marketing to. This is why companies need to know about the cultural role of advertising, not the marketing role. The cultural role tells an organization not only about the values but also the notions of good and evil, and mortality and immortality. This information is important as it helps them to formulate their advertisements in a way that deeply affects the emotions of their consumers.
There are many challenges that faces by the company, first is cultural. The differences of cultural in countries usually , including social structure, religion, language, education and so on. These differences have important implications for marketing strategy. The most important aspect of cultural differences is probably the impact of tradition. As we know difference countries difference language. It make difficult for employee to interact with customers. This is the one way how the owner overcome the challenges in cultural. Besides that, the owner also done a lot of market research in terms of lifestyle, cultural differences, size of products in household and behavior of customers.
" The influence of culture on advertising effectiveness in China and the USA: A cross-cultural study", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 137-137 31 Iss.
When it comes to doing business internationally the decision making is more complex. There are many interactions between each country that need to be addressed. In order for a business to be successful in the international market they need to examine and analyze all the facets of their company. They need
In internationalization, the most challenging decision faced by the company to choose between standardization and adaptation in its operations, products or services. It has been one of the important and most popular research topics since 1960s to understand whether standardization is better or adaptation for marketing mix in international marketing. The increasing role of international expansion of business across the borders has also increased the focus of companies towards the international marketing strategies. It is also a biggest challenge for companies to better understand the different needs and choice of customers due to the huge differences among the cultures from various nationalities. This leads to the dilemma in the mind of marketers to understand which strategy is effective and good - standardization or adaptation. There is a significant impact of standardization or adaptation on all avenues of business such as research & development, structure, marketing mix, production, finance and marketing mix. The attitude of a company towards the culture of a particular country in which it is going to enter or start its operations decides to choose between standardization and adaptation. Consider the different views and arguments for each standardization and adaptation, this essay critically analyze which strategy is better to choose for international marketing.
Mooij,M de.2004.Consumer Behavior and Culture: Consequences for Global Marketing and Advertising. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
As a marketer you need to be aware of the social norms of what is and is not accepted in different cultures. It would not be wise to think that the same T.V. ad used in America would be ok to use in India. When you understand what different cultures value you can use it toward your advantage when marketing. The Whirlpool ad used in India took fourteen months of research to find that the Indian homemakers prize hygiene and purity. Once they realized this they came up with a T.V. ad that shows a girl standing out from the crowd in white “thanks to whirlpool”. When you create an advertising campaign that really makes people not hesitate about whether or not to by your product, you have put yourself in a really good position to succeed. Marketing mix adaptation is necessary when selling in other countries. People who live in India are mainly Hindu and don’t believe in eating meat. Companies like McDonalds get around this by offering chicken, fish, and vegetable burgers.
Lee, M. S., Roberts, R. R., & Kraynak, J. (2008). Cross-cultural selling for dummies. Hoboken: For Dummies.
...eded. I wish I could take this class more early. When I saw the responses from classmates, the responses were very different because the experience of each classmate is different. Now, I realize how diverse the customers would be. Even though most of the customers were from United States, I am not from United States. I could not understand what they need in first place. I have seen some ads example showing how simply translating words is not enough. Pepsi Cola’s “Come Alive With Pepsi” campaign when it was translated for the Taiwanese market, conveyed the unsetting news that, “Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the grave.” This shows that deeper understanding of the other culture is necessary to translate meaning effectively. In short, cross cultural communication is relatively important for me when I want to do business international or domestically.