IBM
International Business Machines Corporation
The Big Blue is often a name use by many to describe the world’s largest provider of
computer of hardware, software, and service. Years ago many said International Business
Corporation (IBM) wouldn’t as prosperous, but who would have said they were wrong.
Know one would of forecast the success of IBM. It was obvious that they would be successfully because computers are extremely important in todays world. Without computers society wouldn’t be advance in technology and other areas.
Many of IBM customers consist of such companies as insurance companies, airlines,
some banks, and many other large corporation. IBM sales consist of programs for large
companies with enormous computer system which needs software. IBM is also trying to
get involve in the on-line service.
The history of the International Business Machine Corporation began with a 40
year-old salesman name Thomas Watson. In 1914 Thomas Watson was a National Cash
Register, he was trying to save a company known as the Computing-Tabulating-Record
Company(C-T-R).At this time he was trying to sell or marketed C-T-R’S Hollerith
machine and other tabulators to the US government during WW1. He wanted to sell
punch cards tabulator. Once he had supplied the US government, with these tabulators,
he had triple (C-T-R) revenues to nearly $15 million by 1920. In 1924
Computing-Tabulating-Record was change to International Business Machines.IBM then
began to take over the worlds market for tabulators, clocks, and electric type writers. By 1940 it was the us largest office firms that deals with machines. There sales had reach $50 million.
In the year of 1944, IBM had perfected the the calculator it was known as Harvard
Mark I. It was actually a electromechanical calculation. It is said that this was the first potentially computers. In 1951 Remington Rand’s came out with the UNIVAC it began
to replace the IBM machine. In the 1960s and the 1970s IBM came out quickly and built a
market share near 80%. IBM used its superior marketing.
In 1952 Thomas Watson Jr became president and presented its first computer, 701.
While Jr was president he introduce the Stretch system, which get rid of vacuum tubes.
Also during this time the first family computes, which were called the 360. In 1957 the
first programming language came, it was called FORTRAN. and also the first floppy it
was introduce in 1971. IBM then came out with more advance computers such as System/38 in 1978 and the AS / 400 in 1988.
IBM was incorporated in the state of New York on June 15, 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company. But its origins can be traced back to 1890, during the height of the Industrial Revolution, when the United States was experiencing waves of immigration. The U.S. Census Bureau knew its traditional methods of counting would not be adequate for measuring the population, so it sponsored a contest to find a more efficient means of tabulating census data.
Back in the 1900’s America was going through prohibition. Many people were drinking from adolescence to elderly. Most of the time men would come home drunk and take it out on their families. On December 17, 1917 the 18th amendment was approved which prohibit the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The house of representative approved the amendment because alcohol was spiraling out of control in the US. The 18th amendment was passed to put a stop to alcoholic beverages. However after prohibition was passed America change its mind on probation. The reasons why America changed its mind on prohibition were bootlegger benefits, homicides, and government corruption.
Around a hundred and two years ago, IBM began as a tabulating company, producing super computers. It then moved into the PC market, selling commercial computers to the masses. This PC market is now being replaced through destructive innovation by the tablet market. IBM realized this and sold their PC markets and moved onto different endeavors.
America changed its mind on prohibition because of the rise in crime. Such as the homicide rate went up. This is significant because amendments are supposed to make our country safer.prohibition did the complete opposite.citizens citizens should not have to fear going outside their home because they might get a bullet through the chest. Also once prohibition passed illegal manufacturing of alcohol happened almost immediately (mostly by gangsters). This is critical information because laws shouldn't make criminals happy. They knew americans couldn't resist. Criminals are always one step ahead.
In 1953 it was estimated that there were 100 computers in the world. Computers built between 1959 and 1964 are often regarded as the "second generation" computers, based on transistors and printed circuits - resulting in much smaller computers. 1964 the programming language PL/1 released by IBM. 1964 the launch of IBM 360. These first series of compatible computers. In 1970 Intel introduced the first RAM chip. In 1975 IBM 5100 was released. In 1976 the Apple Computer Inc. was founded, to market Apple I Computer. Designed to Stephen Wozinak and Stephan Jobs. In 1979 the first compact disk was released around 1981 IBM announced PC, the standard model was sold for $2,880.00.
“…With the advent of everyday use of elaborate calculations, speed has become paramount to such a high degree that there is no machine on the market today capable of satisfying the full demand of modern computational methods. The most advanced machines have greatly reduced the time required for arriving at solutions to problems which might have required months or days by older procedures. This advance, however, is not adequate for many problems encountered in modern scientific work and the present invention is intended to reduce to seconds such lengthy computations…” From the ENIAC patent (No. 3,120,606), filed 26 June 1947.
For many years, IBM succeeded in holding a very good market position. In fact, the company achieved a very high market share and huge profits. However, this situation did not last forever. In 1990, IBM experienced its first quarterly loss of $2billion due to some unexpected accounting charges. However, revenues increased from $62.7 billion in the previous year to $96 billion. In 1991, the c...
Another invention that is now frequently used is the computer. The concept was made in 1822, by Charles Babbage, but it wasn’t until 1837 when he ...
I didn’t want to go into the city. I wasn’t worth a decent stroke of work, but it was more than that-I didn’t want to leave Gatsby. I missed that train, and then another’, and another....
Computer engineering started about 5,000 years ago in China when they invented the abacus. The abacus is a manual calculator in which you move beads back and forth on rods to add or subtract. Other inventors of simple computers include Blaise Pascal who came up with the arithmetic machine for his father’s work. Also Charles Babbage produced the Analytical Engine, which combined math calculations from one problem and applied it to solve other complex problems. The Analytical Engine is similar to today’s computers.
The UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was the first computer which was not a one-of-a- kind laboratory instrument. The UNIVAC became a household word in 1952 when it was used on a televised newscast to project the winner of the Eisenhower- Stevenson presidential race with stunning accuracy. That same year Maurice V. Wilkes (developer of EDSAC) laid the foundation for the concepts of microprogramming, which was to become the guide for computer design and construction. In 1954, the first general-purpose computer to be completely transistorized was built at Bell Laboratories.
This machine could do math, display graphics at the drop of a dime, and play two dimensional games (whic was all that was around back then). This wasn't something that you normally saw. This was something that seemed to come straight out of a science fiction film. At least that was what I thought.
The fist computer, known as the abacus, was made of wood and parallel wires on which beads were strung. Arithmetic operations were performed when the beads were moved along the wire according to “programming” rules that had to be memorized by the user (Soma, 14). The second earliest computer, invented by Blaise Pascal in 1694, was a “digital calculating machine.” Pascal designed this first known digital computer to help his father, who was a tax collector. Pascal’s computer could only add numbers, and they had to be entered by turning dials (Soma, 32). It required a manual process like its ancestor, the abacus. Automation was introduced in the early 1800’s by a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage. He created an automatic calculation machine that was steam powered and stored up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Unlike its two earliest ancestors, Babbage’s invention was able to perform various operations. It relied on cards with holes punched in them, which are called “punch cards.” These cards carried out the programming and storing operations for the machine. Unluckily, Babbage’s creation flopped due to the lack of mechanical precision and the lack of demand for the product (Soma, 46). The machine could not operate efficiently because technology was t adequate to make the machine operate efficiently Computer interest dwindled for many years, and it wasn’t until the mid-1800’s that people became interested in them once again.
Why the 1964 Operating System by IBM was so important to how computers are made today?
The history of the computer dates back all the way to the prehistoric times. The first step towards the development of the computer, the abacus, was developed in Babylonia in 500 B.C. and functioned as a simple counting tool. It was not until thousands of years later that the first calculator was produced. In 1623, the first mechanical calculator was invented by Wilhelm Schikard, the “Calculating Clock,” as it was often referred to as, “performed it’s operations by wheels, which worked similar to a car’s odometer” (Evolution, 1). Still, there had not yet been anything invented that could even be characterized as a computer. Finally, in 1625 the slide rule was created becoming “the first analog computer of the modern ages” (Evolution, 1). One of the biggest breakthroughs came from by Blaise Pascal in 1642, who invented a mechanical calculator whose main function was adding and subtracting numbers. Years later, Gottfried Leibnez improved Pascal’s model by allowing it to also perform such operations as multiplying, dividing, taking the square root.