Introduction With a population of 1.357 billion (2013)3, China is the most populated country in the world. Along with the huge population comes a market that is unmatched by any other country of the world. Both domestic companies and foreign companies want to tap into this large market that just recently embraced capitalism and entered into the World Trade Organization. China also provided a labor force that is able to tackle both white-collar and blue-collar job positions. This made foreign companies rush both monetary and technological resources into China to utilize the manufacturing and development power. Both Microsoft and Sun have created research and development centers to implement and design software applications in China. Domestic companies are not far behind either, for example, China's own Evermore Software is on the rise to challenge Microsoft's office suite with its own.4 With the boom of technology in China and the new capitalism ideas, China also has a huge piracy problem. According to the International Intellectual Property Alliance's 2003 report on China, the piracy problem in China creates $1.85 billion in 2002 alone with 90% piracy rates for all copyrighted materials.5 This piracy problem affects negatively on China's global relations and economic improvements. China's current copyright laws are still in its teenage years, and the fast pace of technological advancement isn't helping either. In this paper, I will attempt to describe the piracy problem in China, discuss how the Chinese government is dealing with it, present the global effect, and finally arrive at what would be an ethical solution to piracy fitting for China's situation. The Piracy Problem Asia... ... middle of paper ... .../ch.html#top 4. Joris Evers, IDG News Service, Chinese company to challenge Microsoft's Office, http://www.infoworld.com/article/04/01/26/HNdemochina_1.html 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17. International Intellectual Protection Association Country Paper on China http://www.iipa.com/countryreports.html 13. Fan Zhang and Dennis Xie, Chinese Copyright Protection Has Storied History, Strong Future, http://www.sourcetrix.com/docs/Whitepaper-China_Intellectual_Property.pdf 14. Cheng-China Huang, A Brief Chronology of China's Intellectual Property Protection, http://www.american.edu/ted/hpages/ipr/cheng.htm 15. The Copyright Law of China, http://www.ncac.gov.cn/ 16. Copyright Protection Center of China, http://www.ccopyright.com.cn/ 18. June 11, 2002, People's Daily, http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200206/11/eng20020611_97613.shtml
One of the major kidney problems that we face every day is Acute Renal Failure also called the Acute Kidney Injury which basically is that kidneys have suddenly stopped working and as I said earlier, our kidneys excrete waste products and balances fluids in our blood, so imagine not having a perfectly working kidney, it could cause serious problems in our body that could also be fatal.
Acute Renal Failure is a difficult sickness that affects millions of people all over the world the only thing oneself can do is to live a happy stress free life with a healthy diet and to always live each day as if it was the last day of their life.
The American Heritage Dictionary defines piracy as “the unauthorized duplication of copyrighted or patented material.” It is a problem that affects companies all over the world. Piracy of software, movies, and music is commonplace in China. China has the second worst piracy rate in the world; about 92 percent of the software in China is pirated (Williams 2004). Various companies and governments have attempted to combat piracy, but they had not seen much success until recent years. Combating piracy is a difficult task, especially in a country that has a history of not enforcing intellectual property laws.
Acute renal failure is distinguished by an abrupt rapid diminishing kidney function but, is usually reversible. Pre-renal, Intra-renal, and Post-renal are three general categories that cause acute renal failure.
Without proper working kidneys, blood pressure can rise, body fluids accumulate and red blood cell count can decrease. Usually kidney problems occur from disease, conditions and disorders. Disease can come from damage to nephrons, which help filter the blood. Infections can travel from the bladder up to the kidneys. Kidney cancers, kidney stones, cysts and injury all can damage a kidney. Without properly working kidneys, our heart, lungs and brain, as well as other organs are put in danger. (Capicchiano 2013) Kidney dialysis is not always a permanent need; sometimes it is needed for a short time. Kidney dialysis can occur in many places, the hospital, a home or in a center. Often people return to work after dialysis, unless their job involves strenuous activity such as heavy lifting or digging. (Lewin, 2010)
The basic function of a working kidney is to remove toxic waste from the bloodstream, balances body fluids and forms urine. (WebMd, 2013) When the kidney, which is an essential part of the human body fails and blood flow is compromised by electrolyte and acid base abnormalities this is Acute Renal Failure (ARF) also known as Acute Kidney Injury. There are three major causes of acute renal failure. First being Prerenal, which is primarily a severe drop in blood pressure and cessation of blood flowing to the kidneys caused by a traumatic injury or a severe illness. Secondly, another cause is Intrarenal which is the Middle stage of renal Failure, manifested by edema, toxins, drugs and decreased blood supply. Lastly, Postrenal is when the urine flow is compromised due to an enlarged prostate, stones, and/or a bladder tumor. According to the American Family Physician (2000) 60 to 70 percent of cases are prerenal causes.
This article is for people whose kidneys fail to work. This condition is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
It is first beneficial to know the definition of piracy. Piracy has been characterized multiple ways from multiple disciplines. For the purpose of this paper, I will apply the definition of piracy from the 1982 United ...
Acute Renal Failure is an abrupt or rapid decline in Renal filtration function. Acute tubular necrosis is one of the most common causes of acute kidney failure and it has a high mortality rate of around 50 percentage. It causes damage to the tubular portion of the nephron. An etiology of acute tubular necrosis Cn be varied, the common factor is that there is a reduction of oxygen and nutrients to be active to tubular cells, which result in ina lack of cell function and patchy necrosis. The tubular cells will regenerate at the basement membrane level. The aim is to keep the patient alive and well during this regeneration phase and almost full recovery can be made provided the appropriate and timely treatment is undertaken. When the kidney sustains
Renal replacement therapy (aka dialysis) is often required in patient with acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD) to facilitate the removal of undesirable waste products from the body. In the US more than 10% (more than 20 million) of adults may have CKD.1 Chances of having CKD increase after age 50 yrs and is most common among adults older than 70 yrs. Approximately 5%-6% Intensive care unit (ICU) patients have acute renal failure during their ICU stay.2
Yar, M. 2005, ‘The global ‘epidemic’ of movie ‘piracy’: crime-wave or social construction?’, Media, Culture & Society, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 677-696, viewed 28 May 2014, Sage Journals, doi: 10.1177/0163443705055723.
The attitude of entitlement that many internet users exhibit with regard to internet piracy must stop. The movie industry will not suffer the pillaging that has been inflicted on the music industry by casual pirates. New efforts to prevent piracy are currently being undertaken and they include research to new technologies to prevent piracy and copying, strengthening laws to inflict harsher penalties for copyright infringement, and educating the public about why copyright protection is imperative to economic growth and the negative effects that file-sharing has on the American consumer.
Corporate copyright industry controllers publicly voice concerns about globally lost revenue, vocally touting that pirates take part in criminal action that pressures companies into downsizing employee numbers and decreasing investment in future endeavors. Music, film, TV, movie, and softwares industries are all worth billions of dollars, with record companies alone bringing in nearly $25 billion dollars. As a consumer, it’s hard to reconcile the thought of a $25 billion dollar industry claiming piracy revenue losses well into the hundreds of billions. Industry advocates cite any act of media piracy as a harmful act and an act that inhibits them from making money; therefore the perceived loss or potential loss of those hundreds of billions
The subject of my paper focuses on movie piracy. Movie Piracy by definition is the illegal copying of movies for personal or commercial use. This is a new epidemic that is affecting the film industry financially on a global level. What are the necessary steps that can be taken on behalf of the film industry that can stop this illegal practice from occurring? Once you walk down the city streets of New York, you can easily find vendors selling their bootleg DVD copies of new released movies for half the price of a movie ticket. At the moment the quality of the movies aren’t at its best, but with the technological advancements, the quality of these bootleg DVD’s are getting better, which means that movie piracy is actually on the rise. This continues to worry both film studios and copyright activist. Movie companies are the ones suffering the most from this illegal practice. While they continue to produce $100 million movies, their profits continue to fall, when people decide to either pick up a burned copy or download the movie off some illegal Internet site. This essay takes a look at the different forms of movie piracy and what different organizations, such as the MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America) and its international counterpart, MPA (Motion Picture Association), are doing to combat this illegal practice.
The most detrimental forms of Internet piracy do not happen within American borders; instead, they occur from overseas countries, like China (London, 2011). This causes the American economy to lose billions of dollars. In reaction to the piracy issue, the United States approved the Protect IP Act, which creates new tools to disrupt Internet piracy. The bill defines a website that participates in Internet piracy as something with “no significant use other than engaging in, enabling, or facilitating” the illegal copying or distribution of copyrighted material in “substantially complete form” (London, 2011). There is no question that the Protect IP Act limits constitutional rights, while another issue occurs w...