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Assumptions underlying Applied Behavior Analysis
Essays on behavior analysis
Essays on behavior analysis
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Recommended: Assumptions underlying Applied Behavior Analysis
Sarah Seghrouchni
Definition of Insanity
Lunatic, crazy, deranged…insane. The term insanity is a controversial word. There is no definite and precise definition of insanity or the state of being insane. In today’s world, the adjective "insane” is used to characterize someone who acts capriciously and in a way that is nowhere near socially acceptable. But what does it really mean to be “insane”? Insane is something that you can become. It is something that can envelop one’s thoughts and actions in a split second. Insanity can take over as quick as the snap of a finger although it may take time to develop. In William Faulkner’s novel, The Sound and the Fury, brothers Quentin Compson and Jason Compson personify all the key elements of insanity.
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However, Jason is easily one of the most hypocritical, deranged, and unlikeable characters in the novel. He becomes increasingly twisted as time goes on as he continues to embezzle money from his family. Since the rest of his family shows little respect and love towards Jason, the one and only thing Jason displays any affection towards is money. Money personifies the comfort he lacks from his entire family. His lack of guilt for essentially stealing money is quite bizarre and at one instance he explains that he “…counted the money again that night and put it away, and I didn’t feel so bad.” Would a sane person feel a sense of warmth and comfort in stealing money? Additionally to Jason’s materialistic nature, as an adult, Jason is a flamboyant misogynist and feels like the world is against him. He also has a strong hatred towards black people, northerners, and Jews. At one point, he even explains that “"I give every man his due, regardless of religion or anything else. I have nothing against the Jews as an individual, it’s just the race. You’ll admit that they produce nothing.” His hypocrisy and prejudice make him oblivious to his own faults. In addition to his overall negative outlook on life, Jason is preoccupied with Caddy just like the other brothers. Caddy’s husband, Herbert, retracted the job offer he had for Jason when he divorced Caddy. Jason blames Caddy for this incident which drives and boosts the bitterness and anger within Jason. He is unable to take personal responsibility for events in his life making him increasingly angry and eventually
The most insane people are the ones who were kept sane the longest. In the stories “ A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner and “ Lamb to the Slaughter” by Roald Dahl the women are both completely insane. They both kill the ones they love because they don’t want them to leave. Although Mary and Emily both have different stragities of killing them. They are both very sneaky about hiding it up and how they get away with it.
Madness, madness, madness. It is but a word, yet those who possess it are capable of doing the most amazing or terrible of things. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, madness is defined as “a state of severe mental illness.” Perry Edward Smith is the best individual to depict this characteristic. Throughout Truman Capote's novel “In Cold Blood” the main character, Perry Smith, as Dr. Jones says “. shows definite signs of severe mental illness” (Capote 296).
The Narrator has a manner of speaking that is repetitive. For instance on page 523, “but why will you say that I am mad?” and “You fancy me mad.” He continues to repeat this throughout the story. As the story progresses, the desperation in The Narrator begins to eat at him, wearing away at his cool exterior. On page 523, “Madmen know nothing,” and then providing more and more examples to prove his cleverness. The Narrator is so set on convincing us that he is not insane, but what is the reason behind all of his defenses? The reason is simple. The Narrator associates being insane with having low intelligence and clings to what he believes is “sanity” because he is afraid to admit or even consider otherwise.
There is a fine line between sanity and insanity, a line that can be crossed or purposefully avoided. The books The Things They Carried and Slaughterhouse-Five both explore the space around this line as their characters confront war. While O’Brien and Vonnegut both use repetition to emphasize acceptance of fate, their characters’ psychological and internal responses to war differ significantly. In The Things They Carried, the narrator and Norman Bowker carry guilt as evidence of sanity. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Billy Pilgrim and the innkeepers carry on with life in order to perpetuate sanity. Both authors develop a distinct theme of responding in the face of the insanity of war.
Jason had a very rough childhood. According to the Encyclopedia of Myths, his father was Aeson, King of Iolcus. Jason’s half uncle, Pelias, was greedy though, and wanted the throne. Pelias ended up taking over and killing all of Jason’s siblings. There is some speculation about whether Jason was already born, or if he was born in secret after Pelias took over (GreekGods.org). Either way, Jason’s mom feared for his life, so she sent him
What is madness? Is madness a brain disorder or a chemical imbalance? On the other hand, is it an expressed behavior that is far different from what society would believe is "normal"? Lawrence Durrell addresses these questions when he explores society's response to madness in his short story pair "Zero and Asylum in the Snow," which resembles the nearly incoherent ramblings of a madman. In these stories, Durrell portrays how sane, or lucid, people cannot grasp and understand the concept of madness. This inability to understand madness leads society to fear behavior that is different from "normal," and subsequently, this fear dictates how they deal with it. These responses include putting a name to what they fear and locking it up in an effort to control it. Underlying all, however, Durrell repeatedly raises the question: who should define what is mad?
The Sound and the Fury The first main point that Cleanth Brooks makes is that the story is told through one obsessed consciousness after another. Brooks response to this is that the “readers movement through the book is a progression from murkiness to increasing enlightenment, and this is natural since we start with the mind of an idiot, go on next through the memories and reveries of the Hamlet-like Quentin, and come finally to the observations of the brittle, would-be rationalist Jason. ”1
Even though Medea’s crime are despicable, Jason is also a despisable character. When he encounters Medea for the first time in the play, he says, “Even if [Medea] hates me / I could never think badly of [Medea]” (Euripides 462-463). It is easy for Jason to say these kind words because he is not the one being abandoned for another spouse. He also undermines Medea again after she recites how she helped him in on the Ship Argo. Instead of giving her any credit or appreciation, Jason confesses, “since you make such a mountain of it, I think that Kypris, god of love, was the savior” (Euripides 525-526). It is not enough to leave Medea for another woman while allowing her and her children to be exiled, but Jason also felt the need to discredit her contribution to his
Three little boys watch wearily and fearfully as their sister shimmies quickly up a tree to peer through the window of a dilapidated Southern farmhouse. Our attention focuses neither on her reaction to the festivities commencing in the house, nor on the danger suspended nervously in the dusky air as the tiny image worms up the tree trunk. Sensing the distress apparent in the boys’ words and actions, our eyes rivet to the same thing that fills their faces with apprehension—the dark and muddied stain of filth firmly planted on the bottom of the little girl’s underpants.
To begin, it is important there be an established definition of insanity. Though the original work is set in the turn of the 17th century, and Branagh's in the late 19th, it is important that insanity be described based on current definitions. Antiquated understandings of the matter will provide very little as far as frames of argument. Thus, for this task, the paper will employ law.com's vast legal dictionary for a current definition of insanity. The dictionary tasks itself to such extent. It defines insanity as “mental illness of such a sever...
How is that even possible? The dictionary definition of the word insanity is the state of being seriously, mentally ill (“Definition of the Word Insanity”). Insanity is also classified as a medical diagnosis. Insanity came from the Latin word insanitatem (“History of the Word Insanity”). People started using this word in the 1580’s. The Latins interpreted insanity as unhealthy Modern day society uses the word insanity too loosely. Although the dictionary definition of insanity is not wrong, several cases that prove having “insanity” does not always mean “being seriously mentally ill” has came to surface.
Insanity is defined as a deranged state of mind or more commonly doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. The word quixotic, based on the name of Don Quixote, means optimistic or idealistic in a way that is not real-world. This word came to be due to the multiple instances throughout the parody that Don Quixote presents himself as someone who is out of touch with reality, but at times not without rational thought.
Jason pictures himself in a world where he won’t be distracted, which will give him the opportunity to focus and achieve his goals. He started thinking about it, planning what he’ll do and how he’s going to make the best out his second chance. “He won’t be like his dad, he thinks, he won’t waste his chances. He’ll grab what comes and run with it” (Allison 34). It will be all about him and the basement, who he will become, who he was meant to become. “In the basement, they won’t feed him much, so he will get all dramatic skinny. He could learn to eat imaginary meal meals and taste every bite-- donuts and hot barbecue wings and stay all skinny and pure. He’s going to come out that basement Brad-Pitt handsome and ready for anything” (Allison 34-35). In his mind, these are all the opportunity that he’ll get to become who he wants to be.
A main trait of Jason’s is his obliviousness to everything. Jason doesn’t realize that Medea is crying for a different reason and thinks that whatever he says is right when he asks Medea, “Why is your cheek so white and turned away from me? Are not these words of mine pleasing for you to hear?” (p.55). Jason lacks mindful attention to what is happening around him. Jason was smart enough before to know that Medea is evil and even says that she is “incapable of controlling her bitter temper” (p.43). Mede...
The basis of insanity is upon M’Nagten Rules (1843) which set forward the principles of a defence when the “defendant had a defect of reason” or a “disease of the mind” and was not able to understand the nature of the act they did or did not know what they were doing was wrong. These three conditions must be proved for the defence of insanity to become available. Insanity is available for the all cases that require mens rea except for strict liability cases.