Introduction: Have you ever heard the phrase “We are stardust”? Chances are you have, but what exactly does that mean? As an Astronomy major and someone whose always been fascinated by the wonders of space, including the wonder of supernovas. I want to pass some of the information I have learned to you today by telling you the different types of supernova and what happens during a supernova.
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Supernovas are explosions from old stars at the end of their life cycles. Their explosions are the largest and most energetic things in the Universe and can outshine their entire home galaxies. Supernovas can also provide beautiful viewing as well. Anyone in 1572, for a few weeks, could look up at the sky and see a bright “New star” in the sky.
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As the White dwarf travels around the other star, if it has a strong enough gravity, it will begin pulling matter from the outer layers of the star into something called an accretion disk, not really coming into contact with the dwarf itself. This event alone does not actually cause the supernova, but over time, a series of smaller novas will occur from the White dwarf. A nova happens after the dwarf has collected some matter from the other star, and the star will shed some of that matter into space through a smaller explosion, which will cause a brightening of the star that can be detected through a telescope, but not to the human eye unless it happened much closer to Earth. But, because not all of the matter will be ejected into space, some will remain, and eventually, after hundreds or thousands of novas, the matter in the accretion disk will have built up so much that it has increased the gravity of the White dwarf. However, because white dwarves are meant to be small with a relative low gravitational field, this becomes a problem. Once enough matter forms in the accretion disk, the white dwarf will pass the Chandrasekhar Mass limit, which is basically the limit of how large a white dwarf can be, before its gravity will fold in on itself, which is exactly what happens after the series of novas. Once it passes the Chandrasekhar limit, because the …show more content…
This type of supernova begins at the end of the life cycle of a star. The star will need to have a mass greater than the sun’s mass. This extra mass will allow for more fuel and the ability to become a supergiant. Throughout the star’s life it will burn up all of its hydrogen in the core, and once it reaches that point, it will begin to fuse heavier elements such as neon and magnesium. These processes are not good for the aging star, because as it does this it becomes harder and harder to produce even heavier elements. By the time it gets to iron, it becomes impossible to create any heavier elements. Also, because it’s been making heavy elements, the star has become heavier itself, creating a stronger gravity. But, the pressure hasn’t changed, so the heavy star collapses in order to find a new equilibrium. However, as it collapses, the temperature becomes hotter and more elements form. The star becomes hot and dense to a point where even atoms begin separating, creating separate protons and neutrons. This separation causes a decrease in pressure, and the star will collapse even quicker than it had been before. The star eventually becomes so dense that the neutrons touch each other, prohibiting further collapse. Because it is in such an unstable state, the star then expands rapidly, too rapid to stop, and matter begins to shoot into space. During this, there is a blast of energy from the core because of expansion, and it
It’s a white giant and has a temperature of 7700 Kelvin. It’s a type A star that is 8.5 times brighter than the sun. It is most likely to be in the last stage of ordinary star-type life. Scientists are saying the sun’s older twin is found in the middle of Capricorn. Studying this star will help them see how the Earth’s sun will develop.
The American scientist John Wheeler coined the phrase “black hole” in 1969 to describe a massively compact star with such a strong gravitational field that light cannot escape. When a star’s central reserve of hydrogen is depleted, the star begins to die. Gravity causes the center to contract to higher and higher temperatures, while the outer regions swell up, and the star becomes a red giant. The star then evolves into a white dwarf, where most of its matter is compressed into a sphere roughly the size of Earth. Some stars continue to evolve, and their centers contract to even higher densities and temperatures until their nuclear reserves are exhausted and only their gravitational energy remain. The core then rushes inward while the mantle explodes outward, creating neutron stars in the form of rapidly rotating pulsars. Imploding stars overwhelmed by gravity form black holes, where the core hits infinite density and becomes a singularity (some estimate it at 10^94 times the density of water).
A star that has completely collapse into a black hole has infinite distance around itself. So it will take forever to travel away from the star. It is in effect a fully operation warp core because there is no turning back, the process must continue until space-time negates itself and starts flowing
Stars explode at the end of their lifetime, sometimes when they explode the stars leave a remnant of gasses and, dust behind. What the gasses come together to form depend on the size of the remnant. If the remnant is less than 1.4 solar masses it will become a white dwarf, a hot dead star that is not bright enough to shine. If the remnant is roughly 1.4 solar masses, it will collapse. “The protons and electrons will be squashed together, and their elementary particles will recombine to form neutrons”. What results from this reaction is called a neut...
Nebula that was destroyed after it’s sun went supernova. Troubled by his findings, the priest
A white dwarf uses electron degeneracy pressure to support itself. It is because of the electron degeneracy pressure that white dwarfs have a small size relative to other types of stars.
Magnetars are a type of neutron star, and Neutron stars are the dead core remnants of a once massive star that collapsed after consuming all its fuel resulting in a dramatic supernova event. Neutron stars are incredibly dense objects containing three times the mass of the Sun into a 20 km (12.42 miles) diameter sphere
When talking about the current space program, Neil Degrasse Tyson once said, “I got angry with America, because advancing is not just something you do incrementally. You need innovation as well, so that your advances are revolutionary, not merely evolutionary” (Tyson 3). America used to have the top space program in the world. Being first to the moon excited the country and gave everyone a sense of pride and fulfillment. Lately, though, we have been falling behind in space exploration. A successful space program is needed in America, and here’s why: we are losing our grip on the title as the world superpower and a new age of economics and politics is coming faster than we are prepared for. To be prepared for this new age we need the funds,
Specific Purpose Statement: I would like to inform and condense the topic of space exploration into two major branches. These branches are unmanned and manned spaceflight.
A star begins as nothing more than a very light distribution of interstellar gases and dust particles over a distance of a few dozen lightyears. Although there is extremely low pressure existing between stars, this distribution of gas exists instead of a true vacuum. If the density of gas becomes larger than .1 particles per cubic centimeter, the interstellar gas grows unstable. Any small deviation in density, and because it is impossible to have a perfectly even distribution in these clouds this is something that will naturally occur, and the area begins to contract. This happens because between about .1 and 1 particles per cubic centimeter, pressure gains an inverse relationship with density. This causes internal pressure to decrease with increasing density, which because of the higher external pressure, causes the density to continue to increase. This causes the gas in the interstellar medium to spontaneously collect into denser clouds. The denser clouds will contain molecular hydrogen (H2) and interstellar dust particles including carbon compounds, silicates, and small impure ice crystals. Also, within these clouds, there are 2 types of zones. There are H I zones, which contain neutral hydrogen and often have a temperature around 100 Kelvin (K), and there are H II zones, which contain ionized hydrogen and have a temperature around 10,000 K. The ionized hydrogen absorbs ultraviolet light from it’s environment and retransmits it as visible and infrared light. These clouds, visible to the human eye, have been named nebulae. The density in these nebulae is usually about 10 atoms per cubic centimeter. In brighter nebulae, there exists densities of up to several thousand atoms per cubic centimete...
If the nebula is dense enough, certain regions of it will begin to gravitationally collapse after being disturbed. As it collapses the particles begin to move more rapidly, which on a molecular level is actually heat, and photons are emitted that drive off the remaining dust and gas. Once the cloud has collapsed enough to cause the core temperature to reach ten-million degrees Celsius, nuclear fusion starts in its core and this ball of gas and dust is now a star. It begins its life as a main sequence star and little does it know its entire life has already been predetermined.
Nirvana. Now I know that some of you know who and what Nirvana is,but if you don’t keep reading. Nirvana is an alternative rock band who sold over 75 million albums in the US. They didn’t have a lot of music, but the music that they played was amazing. Kurt Cobain was the lead singer and lead guitar. Kurt Cobain was a very interesting person,but with all the stress of the band he started taking drugs and later on he commited suicide. Dave Grohl was the drummer of the band. Dave Grohl is also known for starting the Foo Fighters. Dave Grohl is still alive today and has played in many bands before. Krist Novoselic played bass for Nirvana. Kurt and Krist met in High School. Kurt asked Krist if he wanted to be in a band but Krist wanted to listen
Supernovas are extremely powerful explosions of radiation. A supernova can give off as much energy as a Sun can within its whole life. A star will release most of its material when it undergoes this type of explosion. The explosion of a supernova can also help in creating new stars.
So most of you probably have heard about the Bermuda Triangle it is a place where unexplained planes and ships have disappeared. So today I’m going to tell you about some myths, the history, missing planes, theories, etc. The Bermuda Triangle was first discovered one night by Christopher Columbus. One night while he was at sea he reported seeing a strange light above the Bermuda Triangle but, he thought it was a meteor. Then in 1918 a cargo ship with 300 crew members went missing by the Bermuda Triangle and none of the crew members or the ship was ever found.
Asteroids are mysterious rocks in space that are deadly to living things on Earth. Asteroids have hit multiple planets every day, including earth, many times before, that's what people say what killed the Dinosaurs, with no doubt asteroids are dangerous for humans and animals. We have known about asteriods for many many years. More then you could ever imagine. We have known that they hit us and planets everyday or even once a week for it to hit earth. Anyway this peice will tell you the dangers, the wonders, and the facts about astiroids. (NASA Team, pg. 2)