According to Weinberg and Gould (1995), mental practice is related with mental training to competition. Based on Murphy and Martin (2002), mental practice can be divide into two which is imagery techniques and verbal techniques. Imagery techniques can be visual rehearsal, kinesthetic rehearsal or emotional rehearsal. While verbal techniques are self talk and performance cues. Based on Suinn (1993), mental imagery can be defined as mental creation or re-creation of sensory experiences that appear to the person imagining them to be similar to the real event. Imagery is one of the techniques that can be used to improve sport performance among athletes. According to Morris, T., Spittle, M. and Watt, A. P (2005), the most important thing to know …show more content…
However, there have no solid explanations of how it should be implemented. Therefore, their study extends the previous research on hockey since there is very little literature that explains the performances of player. In addition, this study also fills an important research gap on the Malaysian hockey team since to date no research has been carried out in Malaysia on the area of performances. Therefore this study is to determine the influence of mental imagery techniques on sport performance among UiTM female hockey player. 1.3 Research Questions 1.3.1 What is the level of imagery usage from different ranking namely national, state, district and university in their sport performances? 1.3.2 Does mental imagery technique can improve the performance among UiTM female hockey players? 1.3.3 Is there any relationship between mental imagery techniques and sport performance among UiTM female hockey …show more content…
1.4.3 To determine the relationship between mental imagery techniques and sport performance among UiTM female hockey players. 1.5 Hypothesis 1.5.1 There is relationship between mental imagery techniques and sport performance among UiTM female hockey players. 1.6 Significance of the Study This study aim is to determine the influence of mental imagery techniques on sport performance among UiTM female hockey player. In addition, it will be a significant to coach and athletes to enhance sport performances. Besides, they will be more concern about importance of imagery towards athletes. Furthermore, the benefit of this study can contribute to theory and knowledge in psychological field. Other than that, the result of this study can be a guideline for players or coaches to improve the performances. 1.7 Delimitations This study was delimited to UiTM female hockey players. It is involving 92 respondents. The respondent are involve in this study are age between 18 to 25 years old. In addition, this study focuses on the influence of mental imagery techniques on sport performance among UiTM female hockey player. 1.8
Ice hockey, a sport that has been in existence for over two hundred years, has become a fan favorite across the globe. From Canada to Sweden, you will be able to find some of the best ice hockey players in the world; both male and female. This pastime has instilled a unique tradition throughout the years of its practice by a combination of both physical skill and mental strength. Although it did not provide aid to globalization, it has created a worldwide culture that many people are proud to be a part of. Since its inception until now, there has been a great deal of gender stereotyping concerning the sport. Regardless, ice hockey will continue to be a lucrative market, as well as a cherished hobby for many years to come.
Conroy, D. E., Elliot, A. J., & Hofer, S. M. (2003). A 2 x 2 Achievement Goals Questionnaire for Sport: Evidence for Factorial Invariance, Temporal Stability, and External Validity. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 37(1), 42-56.
The importance of strength training was collaborated along with task orientation in a study that consisted of 90 athletic males and 43 athletic females. According to the article, strength training has been one of most influential and beneficial aspects in initiating tasks in sports. In other words, task orientation was significantly high in terms of accomplishing and maintaining standardized, individualistic performance in sports. In fact, the study reveals that individuals high in task orientation tend to judge success as means of, giving absolute effort, performing to their best of ability, working together as team mates and taking pleasure in their sport; according to the participants who worked out in the strength training program. In similar terms, athletes with high task orientation demonstrated task oriented goals; in particular, undertake a new competence, as well as, bettering their original skill. The results proved that task orientation had considerate positive association with self-enhancing ego, and social acceptance. This correlates to the fact, that participants were more engaged to the sport with team collaboration, and mutual ability or skill with the sport. More importantly, the study revealed that 11 out of 15 athletes, who achieved a task elsewhere, used it as somewhat of a success from the improvement that they demonstrated in the weight training program. For instance, Casey, a hockey player, who flourished in task-orientation from weight training, noticed that physical training has made a big improvement in his success in other tasks. Likewise, Mandy, a basketball player, noticed her changes in playing has significantly altered from learning about squatting, and enhancing the techniques used for that particu...
The sport I choose to do an imagery script on is badminton. My father taught me and my siblings how to play when we were younger and even though I don’t play it as an competitive sport, I still like to play on a regular basis and during those matches, I find that I am very competitive. Imagery is the ability to form mental images of things or events and it is a form of stimulation. It should involve senses as many senses as possible (kinesthetic, visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory).
Psychology is the scientific study of how people behave, think and feel. Psychologists study a broad ranging discipline which incorporates both the scientific study of human behaviour as well as its biological, cognitive, and social bases, along with the systematic application of this knowledge applied to specific problems (McLeod, 2011). However, as for sports psychology, this can be defined as an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from many related fields such as biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology and psychology. Furthermore, it involves the study of how psychological factors can affect an individual’s performance, alongside how participation in both exercise and sport can affect psychological and physical factors (Amezdroz, 2010).
In an attempt to deal with the continuous development of the game, female hockey players have had to develop themselves ...
The researchers wanted to see “the relation of verbal aggressiveness and state anxiety (somatic, cognitive, and self-confidence)” between coaches and athletes in a sex-specific sport such as volleyball (Bekiari et al., 2006, p. 630). Results examining both sexes showed males have higher levels of somatic anxiety due to the verbal aggressiveness of their coaches compared to female volleyball players (Bekiari et al., 2006). These results could be due to the kind of training and competitiveness, but it still shows how the use of language can have different effects on athletes nonetheless. Additional research done by Julie Masterson, Lisa Davies, and Gerald Masterson showed that coaches should “use positive instruction rather than negative feedback” to encourage their athletes (2006, p. 41). This backs the ideas that verbal aggression is harmful and the research “consistently shows verbal aggression may be associated with negative outcomes and learned helplessness,” two aspects that can be seen in sports that are contributed to the language that is used (Bekiari et al., 2006, p.
Sports Psychology Today. Mental Edge Athletics, 4 Sept. 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2013. Forde, Pat.
Visualisation is the most common and effective technique used within mental imagery in sport (Harmison, 2011). To do this you envision yourself executing physical sequences of the sport (Harmison, 2011). It has been shown that visualization helps the athlete to perform at a higher level, through increasing traits of the ‘ideal mentality’. In the process of visualization your must imagine correctly and successfully all aspect of the motion, going through frame-by-frame and using all senses. Studies looking into visualization have shown that mental practice can increase real strength and performance creating an almost virtual iron aspect. This study by ( ) has also proven that visualization activates the same neural circuits that actual seeing does, visual imagery activates the brains visual cortex therefore through the imagining of movement it actives the motor ...
Suinn, R. M., & Clayton, R. D. (1980).Psychology in sports: methods and applications. Minneapolis, Minn.: Burgess Pub. Co..
Sport psychologists use a vary of mental techniques to help you as an athlete change your behaviour when under pressure, with the aim of a better performance. These skills include you visualising the ultimate penalty shot before a game, setting goals and positive self-talk just to help you eliminate doubt, and maintain confidence.
Why do we do what we do? This is one question that summarizes the motive for psychology. The answer to this question is the reason why I declared psychology as my major. Current psychologists and those dating back to the year 1879, strove to achieve the answer to this reoccurring question. “The Father of Psychology”, Wilhelm Wundt, and those psychologists of-age, have been strenuously consulting and researching to truly understand the mind and its effect on human behavior. Over the last 127 years, an accumulation of various answers to that specific question have been made. In this paper, the main focus will be the working memory in athletics; how the conscious movements become unconscious and almost instinct-like, and how coaches can teach their athletes better, using explicit and implicit technique.
Sports psychology draws on knowledge from the fields of Kinesiology and Psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors. In addition to instruction and training of psychological skills for performance improvement, sport psychology may include work with athletes and coaches regarding injury, rehabilitation, communication, and team building (Weinberg, R.S. & Gould, D.,2010)....
Self-confidence is made up of two main components, self-efficacy and self-esteem. Self-efficacy is defined as the levels of confidence individuals have in their ability to execute courses of action or attain specific performance outcomes (Bandura 1997). Self-esteem is a term used to reflect a person’s own evaluation or appraisal of their own worth (Baumeister, 1993) It is believed that these aspects are important in deepening our understanding of sporting performance it is also believed that these two main aspects of self-confidence are vital in achieving a high level of sporting performance. Psychologists such as Bandura and Vealey have proposed
Sport and exercise psychology is a mandatory aspect of the sport science discipline. This discipline contributes to the various professional practices associated with physical activities such as - teaching of physical education, recreation and health promotion, and kinesiology related professions - because it plays a mental role for the participants. Sport and exercise psychologists view physical activity in several different ways: physical activity as a tool for health, physical activity as a tool for human potential, and physical activity as a tool for social change. This aspect of psychology may be the most important aspect of physical activity, because of the contributions of exercise and sport psychology to health, human potential, and social change.