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Comparison of the Indus Valley civilization to the Mesopotamian civilization
Religion in india ap world history
Mesopotamia and the Indus civilization
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ANCIENT INDIA Although the Indus Valley Civilization began approximately 5000 years ago, it was not discovered until the 1920’s. Interestingly, all of the information we have on this civilization comes from physical findings, as although we’ve discovered some of their writings, it has yet to be deciphered. No consensus has yet been made concerning the social organization, and there is very little information on the religion of the Indus Valley Civilizations. What we do know is that there were at least two major cities, and hundreds of small towns and villages, all displaying a well planned urbanization system (http://www.ancient.eu/Indus_Valley_Civilization/). There were wide streets, public and private wells, drains, bathing platforms and reservoirs (http://www.harappa.com/har/indus-saraswati.html). We also recognize that all evidence points to a peaceful people, with very few weapons being found and no signs of violence on either the human bones or building remains (http://www.ushistory.org/civ/8a.asp) found. The Indus Civilization evolved near the Indus River due to the spacious and fertile land. The people were able to grow crops …show more content…
Although there has been no evidence of practices, clay figurines have been discovered suggesting that religion was important to them. Along with these clay figurines, several thousand seals have been discovered. Possibly the most notable artifacts found, these seals seem to depict animals and people and show a little about the life and character of the Indus Valley people (https://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Ancient/Indus2.html). For instance, the women portrayed on the seals are shown with elaborate coiffures and wearing heavy jewelry, both which suggests that they were a people with cultivated tastes and a refined aesthetic sensibility
Religion was a very big part in many Indians life. Almost every part of Indian life is related to religion, the land is sacred, and religion plays a part in what can be done with it, the first Indians had many different religions, and they continued to have religion for the whole of their lives. Dress was affected, many Indians wore special clothes and jewellery of religious importance. Religion often changed family life, the children respected their elders, especially their grandparents, and the Indians believed in divorce and marriage. Education was religious, the boys were taught to hunt, and the girls to treat leather and prepare food. The Indians believed all life to be sacred, but it could be hunted, as long as it was treated with respect, so this affected the way they hunted, and what food they had.
In his essay, “The Indians’ Old World,” Neal Salisbury examined a recent shift in the telling of Native American history in North America. Until recently, much of American history, as it pertains to Native Americans; either focused on the decimation of their societies or excluded them completely from the discussion (Salisbury 25). Salisbury also contends that American history did not simply begin with the arrival of Europeans. This event was an episode of a long path towards America’s development (Salisbury 25). In pre-colonial America, Native Americans were not primitive savages, rather a developing people that possessed extraordinary skill in agriculture, hunting, and building and exhibited elaborate cultural and religious structures.
In 3000 BCE, the creation of the first early river civilization of Mesopotamia sparked the creation of other advanced civilizations around the world. These civilizations had developed in modern-day Egypt, China, and the Middle Eastern Region. The civilization of the Shang came to in 1750 BCE and could be located in modern-day China. The Indus River valley civilization, however, developed as early as 2500 BCE in present-day North-Western India. Similarities and differences between the two progressions were common in their political systems, religious ideas, and artworks. Although not closely located, the Shang and Indus River civilizations shared more similarities than differences in some aspects due to them both facing the same issues that
The four river valley civilizations, formed in Mesopotamia (Tigris Euphrates River), Egypt (Nile River), the Indus River basin (Indus River), and China (Huanghe River), all had common features as well as distinctly different ones. When comparing these four civilizations, one may notice that each of their governments were run by kings. The difference though, is that China, Egypt, and India’s kings came from dynasties, whereas Mesopotamian rulers were chosen by their importance and strength as military leaders. They were also similar because of their reliance on agriculture and the river they built their civilization along. The river provided food, water for agriculture, and was a means of transportation and communication. The four civilizations
The usage/control of waterways helped civilizations sprout in the past and in the present. Document 1 shows many examples of how control/usage of waterways helped sprout civilizations in the present and in the past. One example that is showed in document 1 is the Tigris and Euphrates River which helped civilizations sprout by providing hydraulic power and fresh water. Another example in document 1 is the Mekong River which helped civilizations sprout by the river provided irrigation to the crops. The next example from document 1 is the Yangtze River which helped civilizations sprout by it provided hydraulic power. Another example form document 1 is the Indus River which helped civilizations sprout by the river provides irrigation for the crops. The control/usage of the waterways give the essential’s for a civilization to start. In addition, the control/ usage of the waterways also made trade a lot easier.
These Early River Civilizations can be compared and contrasted in many different ways. The three ways I am choosing to juxtapose these civilizations are their government, their religion, and their ways of trying to control nature. Although the differences are prominent these civilizations can also be seen as very homogeneous.
In the past many civilizations have formed and fallen. One of the first and most successful ancient civilizations was the Sumer. The Sumerians emerged at around 5300 B.C.E and lasted for more than 3,000 years. They formed their own language, laws and customs. Remnants of their once great city states and people still remain today.
"The Indus and the swastika." Indus Valley: What They Did For Us. BBC, n.d. Web.
Approximately 5500 years ago four of the worlds' most prestigious ancient river civilizations had emerged. Our world has been left in astonishment and awe wondering how these civilizations were developed. Egypt and Mesopotamia were the first ancient river civilizations to create cities and their own ways of living. Society, geography, and religion played an enormous role in the development of the ancient cities. Although there is evidence of early Sumerian contact with the Egyptians, Egypt's civilization was largely self-generated and its history and cultural patterns differed from Mesopotamia.
As archaeologists had found, there are few signs of weapons in the cities, suggesting that the Indus had few enemies and did not use army and war to expand and enrich their cities. Instead, they thrived on trade with their main partner is Mesopotamia. The Indus had no great buildings; however, the structures stood for thousands of years. Moreover, archaeologists found a lot of little hand-crafted toys, and believed that the first dice was invented by the Indus. These evidence showed that the Indus had very high handcraft skill.
The success of the Indus River Valley, Ancient Greece, and Aksum was all based on their geography. They faced some difficulties, but still managed to maintain the empire in order to create the best empire possible. Despite mountainous land in Greece, hilly land in Aksum and unpredictable flooding in Indus, all of these civilizations were able to benefit from the geography and become the best civilization possible. All of the ancient empires were amazing and adapted to their landscape in spectacular ways, but these 3 civilizations highlight the significance of the phrase, “geography is the mother of history.” We can learn from all of these civilizations to improve our community by using some of the ancient methods to adapt to the geography of the location.
As a part of the Fertile Crescent, the soil in this region and particularly in the alluvial plain was, due to silt left from flooding, extremely fertile. Because of poor drainage, this silt also left large amounts of salt in the soil which caused many problems, ultimately leading to the invention of irrigation in 5000 B.C. which made farming in the area possible.(2) Although Mesopotamia was not the origin of food production, its emergence in this area plays a very important role in the creation of modern civilization. As population in the area grew and food production increased, a new economy based on irrigation and trade lead to the format...
The Gupta Empire (320-540 A.D.) Golden age of India Civilization based in Magadha Modern day Bihar Ganges River - North Champa River - East Vindhya River - South Son River - West The Gupta Empire supported Hindu religion and Vedic traditions Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Built many temples Made of stone, significant from earlier cultures Temples included sculptures of Hindu gods to show divine power The Vedic language rose which included the rising of Sanskrit Sanskrit ("refined") - The primary language for ancient Hinduism and Vedic religion Regarded as the high language of the Gupta Empire
All humans alive today are descendants of the men whom lived in the 10 ancient civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, etc. None of these civilizations exist today, but each left tiny breadcrumbs that give us insight into these societies. While each of these places still puzzle archeologists, the mysteries of one of the civilization have thinned out the hair on many scientists. While Mesopotamia and Egypt were eventually conquered and culturally swallowed, the Indus River Valley society simply vanished. Because of the complete vanish of the civilization, scientists know next to nothing about the people of the Indus River Valley.
However, although no written documents regarding India’s weather and climate exist prior to Alexander’s era, we can assume certain climatic conditions and changes prior to 300 B.C. due to the known history of native civilizations that previously existed. Between the years 2500 and 1700 B.C., the Indus valley in the northwest portion of today’s India fostered homes for great civilizations. Around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro large civilizations flourished. In order to understand why such great civilizations existed in the Indus valley during this period, it is essential to understand the climatic conditions that existed there at the time and whether or not the fall of these civilizations correlated with any climatic changes. When examined closely, it is quite evident that the Indus valley was home to great civilizations between 2500 and 1700 B.C. directly as a result of the abundance of water in the region. Furthermore, the decline of these civilizations and the absence of any such great civilizations existing shortly thereafter is a direct result of the continual lessening amounts of water for the millennium to follow.