In Trinidad and Tobago there are many companies that produce wastewater due to many different reasons. Some such companies that are known to produce wastewater are Carib Brewery Ltd, Coca Cola, Nestle and BP also known as British Petroleum. Some companies have different methods which they use to treat their wastewater to be able to reuse it or release it back into streams as an acceptable standard of quality. After doing my research it has to be noted that not all companies have a standard method or process to deal with their wastewater which they produce.
Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises of liquid waste discharged by domestic residences, commercial properties, industry, and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations. Any type of wastewater that passes through a sewer can be referred to as sewage. Wastewater can be categorized by different groups. These groups are domestic, municipal, commercial and industrial wastewater and non-point sources. There are two major types of wastewater treatments which are biological and physical/chemical treatment.
BP is a company that has a process which is used to treat wastewater. BP’s Trinidad and Tobago Refinery uses water at every stage of the refining process. Cooling hydrocarbons is one of the most common uses of water, however water is also used for other purposes such as cleaning the ships. Once water had come in contact with hydrocarbons or other contaminants it is classified as “waste water”. The Trinidad Refinery operates two systems for cleaning water prior, one of which is a multi-stage Waste Water Treatment Plant. There are diffe...
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... Activated Sludge Unit for retreatment. Once water is cleaned to the appropriate standard it is discharged to WASA’s municipal wastewater treatment system. Salt water used as cooling water is not contaminated under normal circumstances, so is subject to a different treatment process. The heated water passes through three separators during which time it cools down prior to discharge. If oil is visible in any cooling water, actions are taken to isolate the source of the leak.
Each step of the wastewater treatment process is monitored and data recorded optimize the treatment process. Samples of the treated wastewater, taken by automatic samplers, are analyzed for hydrocarbons, phenolic, sulfides, heavy metals, nitrogen, pH, temperature etc. The results are recorded and reported to the EMA, who are the regulating body for the refinery’s environmental license.
BP corporate document. (2005). BP Public Website. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from Code of Conduct: http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/C/coc_en_full_document.pdf
Waste In The Bay, What Else Can I Say? Lay a hand for Jamaica Bay! Jamaica Bay, also known as Dead Horse Bay, has a toxic past filled with pollution and decaying carcasses (Roberts,2010). For over a decade, Jamaica Bay has been the main dumping site for waste treatment plants, oozing contaminants from a nearby landfill, runoff from the Belt Parkway and airplane fuel (Roberts,2010). To address this issue of pollution, finding the source of the contaminate would help reduce the continuous depletion of Jamaica Bay.
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
our pipelines and sewers where it goes to a treatment plant to be treated, but
The key stakeholders are Peter Vyas, the manager of filtration unit and Cynthia Jackson who is the vice president of water management division. Vyas was convinced that the survival of the unit depended upon innovative growth and thus he appointed a technology evaluation team with the responsibility of using technology to solve the problem of obtaining clean water in remote regions, by developing a small-scale oxidation system that enabled waste-water disinfection in small batches. His utmost concern is the technological aspect of developing the product. On the other hand, Cynthia’s perspective was shaped by the marketing angle of the product. She recommended the development of future proposals using a rigorous three phase process which links the markets analysis and technological development to busines...
Due to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, there are stringent standards that need to be considered when depositing wastewater from the process. It was not possible to show the path that the wastewater would take after leaving the system, however, the pollution standards were considered. The water that was produced in the reaction were present in streams with other components such as CO2, butadiene, and maleic anhydride. Due to this exposure, the separated water will be sent to a waste water treatment plant where it will undergo many steps to ensure that the pollutants have been properly removed (Plant Design Book
If you are an average homeowner, there is a strong chance that you are unaware of the differences between freshwater, greywater and blackwater. Freshwater is the most self-explanatory term of the three. This term refers to contaminant-free water flowing through your plumbing system that is safe to drink. On the other end of the water spectrum is blackwater. This refers to the water that is discharged from toilet waste and similar processes. Falling between freshwater and blackwater on this spectrum of water contamination is greywater. Greywater refers to the water that remains after bathing, washing laundry, or cleaning dishes. This water is far from being fit to drink; however, if contaminants like soap, food particles, dirt and oil are removed, this water may be repurposed before it is disposed.
The bacteria and wastewater is mixed in an aeration tank and therefore the contaminants are removed by action of sorption and series of breakdown by the bacteria.
A precise system, of which must be compliant according to government standards, is critical to maintain low levels of waste that are returned to neighboring water systems after treatment. Phase one of waste water treatment begins in the home, local businesses and community. Waste water from these buildings and surrounding areas travel through a pipe, or sewer which is sloped downward, and with the assistance of gravity, travels toward the waste water treatment plant. However, in larger communities or communities with unevenly leveled terrain, waste water cannot keep getting deeper to rely on gravity to transport the waste water and must be pumped up with the assistance of a lift station so it may continue to travel to the water treatment plant. Once the waste water arrives at the waste water treatment plant, the first step is the removal of large debris such as diapers, underwear or other non-biological substances or products.
Evo Morales stated, “Sooner or later, we will have to recognize that the Earth has rights too, to live without pollution. What mankind must know is that human beings cannot live without Mother Earth, but the planet can live without humans” (Pollution Quotes, 2013). Hence, attention must be provided to this devastating issue. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse changes (Wieman, 2013). There are numerous types of pollution, such as light, air, land, water, noise, thermal and radioactive pollution. In an article, the author highlighted that according to Richard Buckminster Fuller, “Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting, we allow them to disperse because we’ve been ignorant of their value” (Farrell, 1971, p. 52). Pollution is created mostly by human actions, but can also be a result of natural disasters. Pollution can harm the environment of the world and its inhabitants in many ways. Pollution has a detrimental effect on any living organism in an environment, making it virtually impossible to sustain life (Enclyopedia - Pollution, 2008).
Safe water and sanitation as a basic human right, household water treatment, rainwater harvesting ... and reports from Kyoto, Madagascar, Uzbekistan, Guinea and other countries around the world.
The consumption of contaminated water can be dangerous for health reasons and several people have passed away from these water-borne diseases. Some of these diseases include Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Giardiasis, and Malaria. These unfortunate diseases are currently the cause of numerous deaths, especially in small children. The availability of clean water can prevent many problems in low-income communities. The available resources for clean water are very rare, so these water sources need to pass through a process of water sanitation in order to just be sustainable to drink, “The world’s surface is made up of approximately 80% water, which is an indestructible substance.
Domestic households and industrial and agricultural practices often produce wastewater that can cause rivers and lakes to become polluted. This is typically called sewage and wastewater pollution. Sewage is a term for wastewater that usually contains feces, urine, and laundry waste. With there being billions of people on earth, treating sewage is a big priority. Untreated sewage can contam...
Wastewater is the combination of water-carried or liquid wastes starting in the sanitary conveniences of dwellings, industrial or commercial facilities. In addition to this, surface water, groundwater and storm water may also be present. It is any water that has been badly affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It contains waste from residential, industrial and commercial processes. Municipal water contains industrial wastewater, sewage and gray water. Gray water is the water from sinks and showers. Large industries also produce wastewater.
Water plays such an important role in our daily lives. 70% of our body is composed of water. 70% of the earth surface is also made up of water, but out of the 70%, only 1/3 of water is consumable. In fact, this amount has been continuously to decrease as more and more industries began to pollute and damage the water. For example, many toxic chemicals may be released into the water thus making the water impure. Such pollutions and damages lead the water to be contaminated and inconsumable as it may cause severe diseases. Water purification can remove all the unnecessary bacteria and viruses from the water that is hazardous for our health. Water purification may also improve the flavor and appearance of water. It removes the unpleasant odor. Therefore, water purification became one of the most useful and popular process used by people all over the world today. It is by far the most recommended and safest water treatment that is commonly used to purify damaged water into consumable water. Water purification provides us with safe, pure and clean water to consume and use.