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The role of art in religion
Essay on the inca empire
Aztec and Inca empires described
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Incas
The Chavin were the first major culture to emerge in Peru, around 1000 BC. They also were the great ancestors of the Incas. There’s not much history behind them, little concrete information is known. For the most part the Chavin culture laid the first cultural foundation for later Peruvian civilizations. The culture came to be in 900 BC to 200 BC. This is what is known about the Chavin. Their economy was based on fishing, hunting, and agriculture. They also created methods of irrigation to farm areas around lagoons and rivers. The Chavin’s work was very distinctive with unique metal work, strange pottery, fascinating textiles and religious objects. “Huaca Garaguy” is three pyramids located in Lime, Peru. These pyramids are the last
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They only ruled for less than a century before their entire empire was destroyed by the Spaniards. In about 1300 AD they were only a small tribe but then came to rule a vast empire in most if not all of South America. The expansion began in 1438 under the control of their ruler Pachakuti. In the Incan society at the top was the Sapa Inca. The Incas believed their ruler was a descendent of the sun god. He was treated with great respect when spoken to. The government however was more complex. To help rule the empire the Incas created an efficient network of roads, and also made suspension bridges. Although they never invented a writing system, they kept records with a device called a quipu. It was a cord with different thickness and colors of strings hanging from it. The strings and colors all meant something different. The Incas also did not believe in a prison system. Their punishments for murder, blasphemy and stealing were executed by being pushed off a cliff. A person who committed a less serious crime was punished by having their hands cut off or by being …show more content…
The most powerful god of the Incan religion was Viracocha. He was considered the creator of the universe to the Incas. Even though Viracocha was the most important god they worshiped Inti, the sun god. They also had mummified bodies of their ancestors which they believed had supernatural powers. When they mummified a body of an ancestor it was a form of huaca. Mountain tops were also seen as a huaca. Shrines were established on mountain tops and human sacrifices were often preformed there. The Incans believed that in the afterlife that a member of royalty would return to a happy life in the sun. A common man could also receive the same gift only if he led a virtuous life on earth. For an Inca a virtuous life was achieved by following the simple rule that they went by which was, “ Do not lie; Do not steal; Do not be lazy. However if an Incan did not lead a virtuous earthly life he/she would be sentenced to an afterlife that is cold and full of
The Aztec’s and the Inca’s have many similarities, such as religious beliefs, and views about gods. Inca’s views about training for war are different, and the Aztec’s artifacts are somewhat different. The farm land compared to the Inca’s differs also, because where the Aztec’s lived the land was elevated about ten thousand feet. The religious beliefs of the Aztec’s were bloody; they believed they had to make many sacrifices to appease the gods. The sacrifices were an important aspect of the Aztec religion.
While yes, the Inca, the Mayans, and the Aztecs had many gods and their religion was somewhat of the same. An example of this is when the tribes all sacrificed people, but the Inca only sacrificed children. A thing that is even more surprising is that they only sacrificed the most behaved kids, the best kids. But that was kind of small thing in the history of these three tribes in their religion and how big it was. Like about their gods, also about some of the ways they were created and even more. Another surprising thing is that criminals were thrown off a cliff. But if they survived they would be treated as a sacred person to their society. I wonder how well they were really treated. The Aztecs had a myth about how they were going to make a great city ruling over all of the Aztecs. It is now in modern-day Mexico
The Inca civilization started around 1200A.D. and was found in the Andes mountains in what is now Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
Chavin de Huantar was located in Peru and developed around 900 B.C. late in the Initial Period. At an elevation of 3,150 m., Chavin de Huantar was situated at the bottom of Cordillera Blanca’s eastern slopes, approximately halfway between tropical forests and coastal plains. At the intersection of major routes, Chavin de Huantar was in the position to control the routes, increase their exchange with others, and receive goods that were not natural to their area. Chavin de Huantar was an agricultural society, home to a fairly large population.
The Inca Empire consisted of a hierarchical structure, extremely difficult to escalate, with the Sapa Inca as supreme Lord as he was often associated with the gods. Then the power continued along to the high priest (Villac Umo) who was believed to have the ability to talk directly with the
Aztec culture had a rich and complicated set of mythological and religious beliefs. These religious practices and artistic accomplishments as well as music, dance, dress, food, drink, sports and games played a large part in their everyday lives. A rather remarkable part of Aztec culture was the ritual of human sacrifice. The Incas drew on the artistic traditions of their Andean predecessors and the skills of subject peoples. Beautiful pottery and cloth was produced in specialized workshops. Inca metallurgy was among the most advanced of the Americas, and Inca artisans worked gold and silver with great technical skill.
The Incas are much more advanced. Labor specialization was common, especially in the large densely populated areas like Cuzco. The Incas made roads, irrigation channels, fortresses, and mines. They used crop rotation, terracing and other advanced agricultural methods. These civilizations had retainers and all had slaves, usually slaves from other villages that they had fought in wars.
Did you know that Peru is one of the top ten countries to visit in the world? (UNWTO) Peru has unique music and energetic dances that are fun to see. The people are friendly and charming; they would be happy to help one find their way if they need help. But, the main reason Peru appears on the top ten list is because of its unique geographical features. Some examples are the Andes Mountains, Machu Picchu and Cusco. The art and culture of the Peruvians, as well as the people themselves,and the popular places to go, are what tourists like to see in Peru.
The Incas cared for everyone in their kingdom; supplies and health needs were distributed to all who needed the attention, regardless of monetary standings, as long as they worked. Laziness was not heard of among the Incas. Work had to be done and everyone pitched in to help, even the lords. Their system cared for everyone and made a seemingly happier, better kingdom. The rich were not allowed to wear fancy, elaborate clothing because they were aware that the poor members of society could not indulge in such extravagance. The only exception to this rule were “the rulers and the headmen, who, to maintain their dignity, were allowed great freedom and privilege”
Each Maya City governed it's surrounding area and some large cities each controlled one or more smaller cities. A Maya City ruler would be succeeded by his younger brother or son. This led generations of a single family to rule for hundreds of years. Inca leaders kept their power by giving entertainment and luxurious goods as gifts to the people. The citizens paid taxes in return for these gifts. In the Inca culture, the emperor married his sister and his generals would be his relatives. The Inca rulers were allowed to govern independently. The Aztec power was held together by land ownership. A few families shared a piece of land and part of the land was given to the state as a tax.
The first people of Ecuador lived there in 10,000 BCE. They were hunters and gatherers that lived on the southern coast and in the central highlands. In 3200 BCE, three agricultural societies were formed. These societies created some of the oldest known pottery and traded with Amazonian tribes, Brazil, and Peru. Large cities were formed in 500 BCE along Ecuador’s coast that specialized in metalworking and navigating. These coastal cities traded with the Maya tribe. In 1460 CE, the Incan ruler Tupac-Yupanqui breached Ecuador from the south. Ecuador’s Canari, Quitu, and Caras tribes fought back. The Inca were extremely advanced and had developed cities, highways, and even mail systems. It seemed inevitable that they would win against the Ecuadorian tribes, but miraculously, the tribes defeated Tupac-Yupanqui’s army. Tupac-Yupanqui’s son, Huayna Capac, conquered Ecuador soon after his father’s defeat. Soon after, the tribes began to speak the Incan language of Quechua, which is still spoken in Ecuador today. Capac decreed that a large city be built for him at Tomebamba. He died in 1526 and divided his land between his sons, leaving Atahualpa with the north and Huascar with the south. The Spaniards came that same year, leading to a civil war between the brothers for full control. Francis...
Huayna was the son of Topa Inca Yupanqui (1471-1493), an Incan King who led a massive expansion of the Incan Empire, spreading it towards the Tahuantinsuyu or land of four quarters. The newly conquered domain was so colossal that it dispersed deep into the Amazon forests. Because his father was an emperor, Capac grew up living an excessively lavish lifestyle knowing that one day he would be successor of the throne. To aide him in his future, Topa Inca Yupanqui made certain that his son was well versed; he received the zenithal education possible. His course load covered: learning the Quipu, a knotted string form of communication; use of the abacus ,a counting frame; religion; history; and four years of training in Quechua. Although Huayna Capac was quite aware that one day the throne would be his, his father’s sudden death in 1493 forced the young prince to quickly adapt to being ruler over the powerful, vast, Incan Empire. At the very start of his rule he did not want anyone to abuse the fact that he was an inexperienced juvenile nor overlook his ordained power, so he took charge on asseverating his supremacy.
The people who inhabited this ancient site considered it to be magical because of the Andes Mountains and the Amazon River. The Temple of the Condor was a place of worship where the head of the condor was used as an altar for sacrifices. The Intihuatana is a column of stone that is rising from a block of stone. As winter approached, a priest held a ceremony to prevent the sun from disappearing. Intihuatana means ‘for tying the sun’ and ‘hitching post of the sun.’ Intihuatanas in other Incan civilizations were destroyed by the Spanish. However, the Spanish never found Machu Picchu, th...
In conclusion, this research paper was all about the Nazca Lines and the Nazca Indians and also where they were located, how they lived, and why the Nazca Indians created the Nazca Lines. There is also many details about the theories on the Nazca Lines based on how they got there, and how the Nazca Indians created them. There are many more details about the Nazca Indians and what some of the lines form. Also, there are details about how they got water and how they grew the crops and what they ate to survive in the Peru desert for so long.
Machu Picchu is a pre Columbian Inca site located in Peru and was built in 1438 (Boundless 1). Machu Picchu was invaded by the Spanish and was seen as a small and insignificant site (Sayre 261). However, the site was very momentous and meant a lot to those within the Inca Culture. Within the Inca Culture, the Manchu Picchu is mainly used for ceremonies and was a place where residences resided. The site mainly consisted of women, their children and priest (Gray 1; Sayre 262).