Introduction
Visibility is the most important weather factor to all aviators since it takes a part in essential role in takeoffs, approaches, and landings. Visibility is defined as the aviator's ability and possibility to identify and spot the objects during the day and night over hundreds of miles, meters, and feet.
Low ceilings and poor visibilities have lead to many aircraft accidents. Fog, heavy snow, heavy rain, ash clouds, blowing sand, and blowing dust all control the visibility and result in low ceilings. In order to understand the topic in a better way, below are the definitions of both terms “Visibility” and “Ceiling”:
• Visibility: the range in which aviator can define and see the objects.
• Ceiling: the height of the closest
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Higher altitudes can also increase the possibility of ice formation either on the wings, which can limit the aircraft’s ability to produce lift, or on sensors which track airspeed and altitude. Higher altitude air is also harder to breathe, which is why aircraft are pressurized.
How the particular weather phenomenon can be avoided? How it's observed, reported and predicted? And how pilots get informed about it in the atmosphere or on the ground?
Satellites, weather balloons and ground radar have been used to both forecast future weather and update current conditions for decades. Ground-based weather radars transmit a signal, then detect and analyze the returning echo to assess the size and concentration of water droplets as well as wind speed.
Because weather patterns can form and dissipate quickly, and weather analysis can be difficult at longer distances, aircraft are being increasingly equipped with on-board systems called Airborne Weather Avoidance Radar (AWAR).
While AWAR is useful for a pilot to get nearby weather information, it is also limited in both the direction and range at which it can detect wind or rain.
In addition to weather detection and avoidance technology, communications systems are a key tool for pilots to receive and share
4. Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWR): These radars systems detect targets near the horizon, early in the ballistic missi...
When World War I and World War II broke out, communication played a vital role in the sequence and timing of everything that occurred on the battlefield. If communication problems arose, the results could be fatal. Front line units needed to know where their neighboring troops were and commanders could only control the troops if they had a reliable source of communication. Due to modern forms of communication being unreliable, the men who served during these wars used a method that dates back to ancient times. They deployed wartime messengers also known as “carrier pigeons”. Today, communications are more reliable and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) provide us with aerial surveillance.1
In this paper, I will discuss what tornadoes are and how they form, what different forms of tornadoes there are, what tornado watches and warning are and give examples of tornadoes in Oklahoma and what destruction they caused, also while providing information about the Doppler radar.
During our usual flight, we need to obey the rules that published by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), there are two flight rules that we use to fly every day, according to the weather conditions such as the ceiling and the visibility outside, one flight rule is VFR (visual flight rules) and the other one is IFR (instrument flight rules), every rule has its own limitations and requirements for their own daily use. Like the visual flight rules, we usually use it because it is convenient, it does not require too much knowledge, when the weather is good and the pilot has the certificate, we can go fly. But what about the instrument flight rules, when the weather cannot allow us to fly with visual flight rules, we need the instruments to fly.
Although Greensburg was almost entirely destroyed, the storm helped to reinforce the important role that storm chasers play in the tracking and warning process of severe weather. By having well-trained, experienced people in the field, meteorologists and weather services are better able to track the exact location and characteristics of tornadic events, relaying that information to the public faster and more accurately than ever before.
Invisibility serves as a large umbrella from which other critical discussion, including that of sight, stems. Sight and Invisibility are interconnected when viewing Invisible Man. Essentially, it is because of the lack of sight exhibited by the narrator, that he is considered invisible. Author Alice Bloch’s article published in The English Journal, is a brief yet intricate exploration of the theme of sight in Ellison’s Invisible Man. By interpreting some of the signifying imagery, (i.e. the statue on campus, Reverend Bledsoe’s blindness, Brother Jack’s false eye) within the novel, Bloch vividly portrays how sight is a major part of Ellison’s text. The author contends that Ellison’s protagonist possesses sightfulness which he is unaware of until the end of the book; however, once aware, he tries to live more insightfully by coming out of his hole to shed his invisibility and expose the white man’s subjugation. What is interesting in Bloch’s article is how she uses the imagery of sight in the novel as a means to display how it is equated to invisibility
In addition, both cloudy skies and sunshine can affect depth perception from the
to reduce the number of fatalities in serious storms is to give people more warning time for them to go to a safer place. Many times in hurricanes people are told to evacuate there city or state. The more time that people have to do this the more that people will do this. Throughout the entire hurricane season meteorologists keep a close watch on the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. They examine pictures of the area taken by satellites, and also take information on air pressure, wind speed, and temperatures.
Weather conditions- Sometimes the bad weather conditions become the huge problem for the aircrafts as they are not able to operate in bad conditions by which they get losses.
...xpected weather conditions over time, previous weather conditions, possible areas of less deteriorating weather conditions, expected duration of bad weather condition.
Altitude illnesses are usually caused by ascending to high to fast. What occurs in the body is that as you go higher in altitude the oxygen molecules remain the same but the barometric pressure decreases. This reduced pressure does not allow as much air into your lungs, which can therefore not absorb as much oxygen as the body needs. (Curtis, 1999). Hypoxia refers to a state in which oxygen supply is insufficient and hypoxemia is specific to low arterial oxygen supply (West, 1977). The figure to the following page shows the pathophysiology or the functional changes that accompany AMS and HACE (Basnyat & Murdoch, 2003). 
Air is composed of molecules. Air is matter. It has mass and takes up space. Air is composed of different gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. Air molecules are in constant motion. As they move, they come in contact with surfaces. Air molecules push and press on the surfaces they contact. The amount of force per unit area that air molecules exert on a surface is called air pressure. (What is Air Pressure 6) Air pressure is caused by all of the air molecules in the Earth's atmosphere pressing down on the Earth's surfaces. We can measure air pressure to help us predict weather conditions around the world. Temperature also affects air pressure because air contracts when it cools and expands when it is heated. So if air above a region of Earth cools, it does not extend to as high an altitude as the surrounding air. In this case, its pressure at higher temperature is lower than in the surroundings even when the pressure at the surface is the same as in surrounding areas. Then air flows into the cooler region at high altitude, making the total weight of air above the region greater than in the surroundings. This is a "high". The cool air descends to the earth's surface. Near the surface, the falling air spreads out,
...ms using all the information they can obtain from weather maps, modern weather radar’s, storm spotters, monitoring power line breaks, and so on.
A thunderstorm that produces large amounts of precipitation which reaches the ground should have deep moisture stratums in unstable conditions, causing enough convection to be restricted to the electrification level of the atmosphere, or being lifted by orographic or frontal systems (Rorig and Ferguson, 1999). However, some thunderstorms produce small amounts of precipitation or none. Colson (1960) explained this phenomenon as a result of high-level thunderstorms with high cloud bases where the appropriate conditions for triggering lightning flashes accompanied by precipitation are situated in the upper levels. Rorig and Ferguson (1999) analysed the synoptic patterns of dry thunderstorms and concluded that low moisture levels in the inferior part of the atmosphere coupled with high instability, leads to the evaporation of precipitation prior to reaching the ground level, this way reducing the moisture content of the underlying surface.