Abstract The most important process parameter for the manufacturing done by CNC now a days is the surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate (MRR). To maintain good quality of products surface finish plays vital role and MRR helps to increase production. Surface roughness and material removal rate is one of the important quality control parameter for evaluating of production process. Efficient turned component improves many functional attribute like excellent tolerance, less tool wear, fatigue strength, load bearing capacity, corrosion strength and contact friction etc. To achieve mentioned attributes, opting for CNC machine tool is the best choice for increase the productivity in terms of reduced machining time and …show more content…
A surface manufactured by cutting processes is one of the most important criteria for quality. Surface roughness is a significant factor which is not only important for wear, friction and lubrication, which became traditional for tribology, but it is also important for sealing, hydrodynamic, electric, heat transfer. Surface roughness depends on many variables, such as material couple, manufacturing type, cutting conditions, etc. Surface roughness is one of the most important characteristic variables to be monitored in the cutting processes owing to the direct relation between the change of surface roughness and the cutting conditions. For many years, it has been recognized that the conditions during machining, such as Cutting Speed, Feed and Depth of Cut (DOC), should be selected to optimize the economics of the machining operations. Manufacturing industries in developing countries suffer from a major drawback of not running the machine at their optimal operating conditions. Machining industries are dependent on the experiences and skills of the machine tool operators for the optimal selection of cutting conditions. In machining industries, the practices of using hand book-based conservative cutting conditions are in progress at the process of the planning level. The disadvantage of this unscientific practice is the decrease of productivity due to the sub optimal use …show more content…
Adinarayana, et al. [1] studied optimization of power consumption in turning operations using CVD cutting tool on AISI 4340 Alloy Steel with speed, feed and depth of cut as a control parameters. Result obtained was, power consumption is increase with increase in cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut.
R. Suresh, et al.[2] studied that performance of multilayer hard coatings (TiC/TiCN/Al2O3) on cemented carbide substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for machining of hardened AISI 4340 steel using Taguchi approach in turning process by cutting speed, feed and depth of cut as a controlled factor and power consumption as performance measure. Result found was cutting speed has the highest influence on the machining power required to perform machining operation (77.67%) followed by feed rate (17.39%) and depth of cut (2.82%). Mr. Manoj Kumar Sahoo [3] reported the optimization of turning process by the effects of machining parameters applying Taguchi methods. Three machining parameters i.e., Spindle speed, Feed rate and Depth of cut. Experiments were done by varying one parameter and keeping other two fixed so maximum value of each parameter was obtained. Taguchi orthogonal array is designed with three levels of turning parameters with the help of software Minitab
The straight-edge blade will be useful for many purposes both in everyday occurrences and outdoor use, but the lack of a sawing ability makes it less useful ...
Milling offers the advantages of being highly precise and having much smoother surface finish (surface roughness of easily around 1 µm ) compared to powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (layer thickness in the range of 20 µm and above; surface roughness of 15 µm and above ). Flat surfaces and sharp corners can be obtained with CNC milling. Similarly, features such as threads and holes are more accurately created through
The micro hardness of the prepared samples were obtained by using a Vickers Micro hardness Tester (Model : Leco LV 700, USA). 5 readings were taken for each sample to calculate the average hardness. An indentation load of 5gf was used. After calculating the average hardness for each sample, mean variance and standard deviation (S.D.) was calculated to check the consistency of the data.
When you put a new blade in your rotary cutter, buy the next one. Nothing slows you down like a blunt cutter (two cuts instead of one). Have your scissors sharpened regularly. Keep your different types of pins in different containers so you don't have
Energy efficient motors use more copper and iron than regular motors. They also consume less energy than regular motors.
In the current project, the blade structure is analyzed mainly on the four following aspects mentioned below:
Advanced CNC fabrication tools and 3D printing machines have made notable improvements in the construction industry. The benefits of this new approach have been developed over many years to increase...
In sum, for the reasons described above, the cleanliness of their environment of CNC machine tools is extremely important. Regions of the bench axis motion must be clean and enough fat. If necessary, cleaning should be done on and off the simple reason that otherwise the counter with long downtime is inevitable.
Material handling system is an important equipment and in the design of an effective manufacturing design. One of the main tasks in material handling system design is the selection and setup involving apparatus, demanding comprehensive technical understanding along with methodical research. Material handling equipment selection is a very complex and tedious task. The main factors contributing to the complexity of the equipment selection problem is the constraints imposed by the facility and materials, a variety of disagreeing design and style requirements, anxiety inside functional environment, and some of equipment varieties in addition to designs accessible. In recent years, the equipment selection
The technology and complex foundation of additive manufacturing (AM) or more commonly known as 3D printing is still being widely explored through trial and error processes to improve this innovative field. Consumer goods such as clothes, food, decoration, household objects and tools, fragrance and so much more has good prospect within the spectrum of AM applications. The 3D printing machine enable industrial designers, mechanical engineer, packaging designers, graphic artists, marketing staff, fashion designers, interior designers and the like to create prototypes efficiently. How is timing more efficient with AM? Time to market shrink significantly as the 3D printer help designers and engineer bring their creation to life swiftly. All matters of aesthetics and functionality can be seen and reformed for optimal quality with AM.
...easure twice - cut once". If you follow this rule you will not waste your time and materials. Also it shows you are being careful and aware of what you are doing. When swinging your hammer "it's all in the wrist". People will tend to swing their hammer with their forearm or their whole arm. Good, experienced carpenters let their wrist do the swinging and their hammer do the work. Keep a sharp blade in your utility knife. Trying to cut with a dull blade isn't smart because you have to do twice the work. Also, before you walk away from it always check your work and make sure it is how it is supposed to be.
The drilling machine/drill press has been utilized to create the holes. Drilling is basically used to produce holes with the application of tool drill named as drill bit. The drill bit is a cylindrical bar having helical flutes and radial cutting edges at one end. The drilling operation may be defined as the rotation of drill and feeding it into the work piece being drilled at a specified speed and feed as per the necessity varying to the size and depth of the hole. The process is simple and reasonably accurate and the drill is easily controlled both in cutting speed and feed rate the cutting speed depends purely on the gear settings in the machine in order to set the speed i.e. lower speed for larger size drills and higher speed for the smaller size drills. The drill is likely one of the important conventional machining techniques and is the most generally utilized to create holes into or through metal, wood, or different materials. These machines are in many shapes and sizes, from small hand-held power drills to bench mounted and finally floor-mounted models. It
Patience is probably the most important characteristic a woodworker can have. The process in which woodworking goes through is very time consuming. “There are five main steps in woodworking: (1) planning and design, (2) cutting, (3) drilling, (4) fastening, and (5) sanding and finishing.” (Jared, Pg. 1). Planning and design is the most crucial part of the process. During this step a woodworker must calculate precise measurements and create a layout of the final product. Cutting is done by using a variety of different types of tools to make very defined details or simple shapes aimed towards the expected outcome. Next in the process is drilling. Drilling allows a woodworker to connect each section of wood together using screws, metal plates, and hinges (Jared, Pg. 2). This can be done using either hand or power tools. After being drilled together, sections of wood are fastened to one another with screws, nails, or an adhesive. This is the second to last step in the process. Lastly, a woodworker sands the wood and then adds a finish. Sanding is done to remove tool marks and to make the wood surfaces smooth (Jared, Pg. 3). A finish is added to preserve the wood and make the natural wood grain stand out. “If you want a silky, smooth feel to your finish, you must sand between coats no matter what kind of poly you use” (Great Book Of Woodworking Tips, Pg. 71). This goes for both hard and soft wood products. It also adds onto the final product’s look by giving it a more professionally done look. In an interview with Mr. Palacios, he said, “the most challenging thing in woodworking is making a final product look professionally done. The least challenging is to find all of the right materials to perform the job.” In order to achieve the professionally done look some people add wood stain, a dye, to change the color of the wood without loosing the feel of the surface. By doing a stain a woodworker is changing the way the final
Metals possess many unique fundamental properties that make them an ideal material for use in a diverse range of applications. Many common place things know today are made from metals; bridges, utensils, vehicles of all modes of transport, contain some form of metal or metallic compound. Properties such as high tensile strength, high fracture toughness, malleability and availability are just some of the many advantages associated with metals. Metals, accompanied by their many compounds and alloys, similar properties, high and low corrosion levels, and affects, whether negative or positive, are a grand force to be reckoned with.
The first industrial robot, built in 1961, was a mechanical arm used to load presses. After the development of the computer and the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) in the 1970?s, the world saw great advances in the development of robotic control and the quality of robot manufacturing. As a result, there has been acceptance of the industrial robot world wide, improving the productivity and quality standards of industry (Hodges 3-5).