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Importance of urban development
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DESIGNING FOR SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
“The architecture was award winning - but the lifestyle? There’s more going on at local cemeteries.” Spiegel Online, describing City Nord, Hamburg (2010)
(Spiegel, 2010)
As the world’s population and ecological challenges grow in the 21st century, it is of paramount importance that new cities, towns and communities strive for “sustainability” - economically, environmentally and socially - without reducing the capacity of future generations to have their needs met.
It has been reported that our urban citizens will constitute 61% of our world population by 2030.
(UN, 2005,Pg 9)
Providing safe, clean and affordable places to live is not a new idea, there is a long history of how built environment influences human behavior and social interaction; how high quality, well enhanced public spaces can increase feelings of psychological well-being; how design can make urban environments more legible and can assist people in wayfinding; the role that natural green spaces play in creating an environment conducive to health; and how to design against crime. However, the social significance of upcoming urban growth, which is crucial to humankind’s future, still receives insufficient attention in development planning. In many cities, decent neighbourhoods remain a dream for the majority of the population, while building authorities consider socially sustainable housing an impractical burden.
“Social sustainability is all about our quality of life, at the present and in the future. It is the extent of how a neighbourhood supports residents and prioritizes their well-being. Social sustainability focuses on how the people who live in one area or space relate to one another and function collectively as a comm...
... middle of paper ...
...that the greatest cities have never been “ earthly utopias” but rather ….places of stress and conflict and sometimes actual misery… places where the adrenalin pumps through the bodies of the people and through the streets on which they walk; messy places, sordid paces sometimes….
(Marshall, R., 2004 Pg 9)
Science and technology contributes a great deal to development, but they cannot do everything; above all they do not offer a ready-made solution to the problem of values caused by the clash between tradition and modernity.
(Jeantet,C., 1994)
The Young Foundation, a leader in social innovation, has developed a framework containing four elements that are essential for building new communities that will be successful and sustainable in the long term.
These are:
- Amenities and social infrastrucutre
- Social and cultural life
- Voice and influence
- Space to grow
The following case study critiques Upton’s vision to establish a sustainable community through implementing comprehensive sustainable strategy. The urban periphery development is thought to demonstrate superior execution of sustainable principles in development (Jackson 2007). As a parallel, the report focuses on the development of Upton’s design code and demonstrates how large -scale mix-use developments can incorporate sustainable practice and principles of urban growth.
In the article The Practice of Everyday Life, Michele de Certeau he brings insight from sociology and cultural studies. Certeau analyzes how the ordinary person lives. He examines the way people cope with different cultures, laws and language. His essay made me feel like if I were talking a walk in New York. “A sea in the middle of the sea, lifts up the skyscrapers over Wall Street, sinks down at Greenwich.” I never been to New York, but the way the author describes it makes you want to go. I imagine New York as very fast paste life style. With tall skyscrapers, and shopping center in every corner. Don’t let me forget their famous hotdog stands in every busy street of downtown New York. “Memories tie us to that place” This quote is nothing
Aesthetic control in the city serves a number of purposes. For one, the zero-sum logic of interurban competition incentivizes the purification of urban space and the presentation of ‘cleanliness’ for the purposes of city marketing. As transfer payments decline as a source of revenue for municipal governments, cities are desperately attempting to enhance their international reputation for the purpose of attracting tourism and capital investment. The cleansing of visible poverty from urban space is accomplished through police harassment and displacement of visible poverty and other ‘undesirable’ uses of space(Kennelly 9). The city’s adaptation to market logics also influences the way urban space is produced and presented internally, to its own population. For example, concentrations of homeless people are said to deter visitors and consumers from traveling to and shopping in those parts of the city [BY WHO]. Visible homelessness is also targeted by city authorities because it disrupts attempts to render the city as a landscape (Mitchell 186). Rendering the city as a landscape is a means of presenting the individual with an illusory sense of control and freedom in the complex urban environment where control in fact belongs to the totalizing economy and freedom for some comes at the expense of freedom for others. The illusion of control is in a sense the way citizens are alienated from the constitutive parts and production of the city. Instead of seeing the realities of capital relations, or the activities of labour reproduction required daily to renew the urban workforce, citizens are presented with a stage on which the daily dramas of the “pacified public” can take place (Mitchell 186). On this stage, a certain kind of “legitimate” citizen expects a broad freedom to move through space without resistance or disturbance, such as may come from encountering or being confronted by
In the United States there are many highly populated, big cities that exist. They not only serve as purpose for business and industry, but also serve as homes for many people. Chicago, the third highest populated city in the United States, can be defined in several different ways. Carl Sandburg a fan and native of Chicago describes the city. Sandburg describes the city in different ways with his poems “Chicago” and “Skyscraper.” Both poems portray the city as lively and dominant, but the poem "Skyscraper" acknowledges drawbacks of the city.
Wirth, L. (1938). Urban as a Way of Life. In R.T. Legates, & F. Stout (Eds.). The City Reader (pp. 90-97). New York, NY: Routledge
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
Sustainability must be defined to include meeting human physical, emotional and social needs (Rogers et al. 2012) and scholarly research and thinking on well being and its connection to the environment, sustainability, growth and sustainable development considers aspects that move towards social and environmental benefits . While environme...
Sociology is important because of many reasons, especially in the context of race and ethnicity. Sociology is very important to me, because it shapes and explains the way everyone thinks. There are many studies in sociology and the topic I chose was race and ethnicity. This topic relates to the experiences I had during my life. Some of the experiences that I faced were because of the color of my skin, culture, religion, and also language.
The burdensome excellence of living in a city: A review of Georg Simmel’s “The Metropolis and the Mental Life”
In this regard, city authorities all over the world are increasingly adopting energy efficiency measures in a quest to become sustainable into the future. Consequently, this has led to the emergence of the term ‘green cities’ (Aulisi & Hanson, 2004). New York City, viewed by many as an urban, concrete jungle, was recently named the “greenest city" in the United States. This is mainly because most of its residents live in energy-efficient buildings, and use public transport, bicycl...
This article review forms part of a report, the intention of this literature is to review five articles namely; “Socially Responsive design: Thinking beyond the triple bottom line to socially responsive and sustainable product design” by Gavin Melles, Ian de Vere & Vanja Misic, published in 2011, CoDesign, Vol. 7, No. 2-4, “A “Social Model” of Design: Issues of Practice and Research” By Victor Margolin and Sylvia Margolin, published in 2002, MIT Press, Vol. 18, No.4, “Rethinking Design Policy in the Third World” by Sulfikar Amir, published in 2004, MIT Press, Vol. 20, No. 4, “Design for Children’s Behaviours in Daycare Playgrounds” By Nathan H. Perkins and George Antoniuk, published in 1999, Alexandrine Press, Vol. 25, No. 1, lastly “The Politics of the Artificial” By Victor Margolin, Published in 1995, MIT Press, Vol. 28, No. 5. By reviewing these articles this paper will expose the social responsibilities of a ‘product’ designer, by looking into the history and context of social design. This paper will further bring forth the “ideal” characteristics of a socially responsible ‘product’ designer, and look into participatory design as a methodology for the socially responsible design process.
Although the power source of social development is the advancement of technology, technology discovery is just a part of the system and it is an integral part, but only "essential" conditions, rather than "full" conditions. Anyway, the article has made the readers to think that the scientific process is not inevitable, but if without technology, people cannot live in this highly developed world. “Scientific knowledge is not inevitable” (Andrew Irvine). There is no guarantee that scientific progress will keep increasing. As long as people have the belief to live better, the scientific progress is not essential or necessary to exist.
In a world where over half of the human population calls a city their home, the need to restructure and revolutionize the way we design our urban environments has never been greater. Currently, the notion that these vast metropolises of metal, concrete, and sludge could one day be fully realized pillars of sustainability is certainly laughable. However, when these same cities are constantly growing and multiplying across the globe, all the while using a greater and greater chunk of our planet’s energy, this impossible task becomes a necessary focus. To strive towards the closed, continuous loop of “true” sustainability could greatly alter the image of the modern city. Any improvement over the current state of urban affairs could carry weight, and even if that goal is not entirely fulfilled, the gained benefits would be immense.
“Sustainable Development: At its heart, sustainable development is the simple idea of ensuring a good quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come. It is about living within the carrying capacity of the environment so that how we live, work and enjoy leisure activities, which do not harm or put undue pressures on the environment. It is about ensuring everyone has the opportunity to have a decent education, a quality environment that they take pride in, good health and a decent job (n.p, 2014)”
Social interactions are the manner in which we socialize and react to other people. Social interaction has been around humanity since the beginning. It is so important that without it, settlements and groups wouldn’t have formed the way we know it today. It is the building block of society, people get together and design rules, institution and select officials to guide their way of living. It means interaction is social relationship among the individuals. It is a sort of action and reaction position among the people. It involves the acts that people do to others and the return the expect. Social interaction consists of many concepts which are: Exchange, competition, cooperation, conflict and coercion.