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Integumentary system with their functions
Integumentary system with their functions
Integumentary system with their functions
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INTEGUMENT AND ITS DERIVATIVES Integument is the outer protective covering of the body which includes skin and all the structures derived from it. The integumentary system is the largest organ system of the body. The integumentary system has a variety of functions. It may function as water proof, cushion, and provides protection to the deeper tissues, regulate temperature, excretes waste and is the site of sensory receptor for pain, pressure and temperature. So, it is popularly called as “Jack of all trades but Master of none’ …show more content…
*Lower layer of dermis is made up of connective tissue. Fig. 26.6 V. S. Skin of reptiles
Birds:-*In birds, the integument is thin and is of loose fitting to have maximum freedom of movement for flight. *The skin is covered with feathers (Fig.26.7) and lacks chromatophores.
*In birds skin glands are absent, except uroopygial gland which is well developed in aquatic birds. *The epidermis is soft, except on feet and shank where it is thick and forms epidermal scales. *Dermis is compact and is devoid of dermal elements. *Feathers and scales contain pigment cells.
Fig. 26.7 V. S. of skin of pigeon
Mammals:-* Mammalian skin is elastic, water proof and thickest (Fig. 26.7) among vertebrate
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26.8 V. S. of skin of mammal
Comparison between skin of fishes and amphibians
Fishes Amphibians
*Skin is rough and tough which remains *Skin is smooth and loose which remain attached with the underlying muscles. separates from the underlying muscles by lymph . sac. *Skin consists of epidermis and dermis. *Skin consists of epidermis and dermis. *Stratum corneum is absent. *Stratum corneum is absent. *Dermis is less vascularised. *Dermis is highly vascularised. *Dermis is not differentiated. *Dermis is differentiated into stratum . . spongiosum and stratum compactum *Dermis contains unicellular mucous glands. *Multicellular mucous glands are present in dermis. *Chromatophores and iridocytes are present *Chromatophores are present in the upper
To begin we will look at the integumentary system and its entire multitude of functions. The main components of the integumentary system are the skin, hair, nails, glands and nerves. For the purpose of this paper we will focus mainly on the levels of the skin and their functions. While the integumentary
It is much thicker than the epidermis and contains collagen, reticular and elastic fibers, and is vascular. The area where the dermis meets the epidermis is unique in that the epidermis contains ridges at the stratum basale layer which interlocks with the dermal papillae, which are upward projections, like waves, on the uppermost surface of the dermis. The dermis had two sublayers. The papillary layer is in the dermal papillae and near it and is made up of areolar tissue. The reticular layer is dense irregular connective tissue that is found at the basal end of the dermis and contains collagen and adipose
Human skin is a multi-layered structure. It is generally divided into two layers, the epidermis and the dermis. Below the dermis a subcutaneous fat layer is found. The epidermis can be further divided into several sub-layers. These are the stratum corneum, the stratum lucidum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum germinativum. The stratum germinativum is usually referred to as the basal layer.
Feathers are complex, branched, keratinized epidermal features commonly associated with Class Aves, or birds (Bock, 2000). Cells in the epidermis called keratinocytes are the structural components of feathers; however, the protein keratin varies in its distribution and can be of different types (Prum, 2002). Many functions involved with feathers include thermal insulation, flight, cleaning of plumage, heat protection, sound production, chemical defenses, water repulsion of plumage, social communication, streamlining the body, and the sensation of touch (Bock, 2000; Prum, 2002). A wide variety of feathers have been characterized. Feathers covering the body are known as contour feathers (Bock, 2000). Contour feathers covering the wings are called remiges, while those covering the tails are called retrices (Bock, 2000). Additional types of feathers include semiplumes, down and powdered down feathers, bristles and semibristles, filoplumes, courtship plumes, and oil gland feathers (Bock, 2000). General characteristics of feathers include the presence of a calamus, which anchors the feather into the bird’s integument (Bock, 2000). Barbs, or closely spaced branches, are attached to the central shaft known as the rachis (Bock, 2000). Barbs on each side of the rachis form a vane (Bock, 2000). Proximal and distal barbules originate from barbs; proximal barbules are near the base of the feather while distal barbules are at the tip of the feather (Bock, 2000; Prum, 2002). When these barbules interlock, the structure of the vane is preserved (Bock, 2000).
The Integumentary system contains the hair, the skin, nerves, nails and glands. There are four types of glands of the Integumentary system. 1.) Sudoriferous glands. 2.) Cerminous glands. 3.) Sebaceous glands. 4.) Mammary glands
Epidermis consists of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basement membrane. The principle cell of the epidermis is the keratinocyte (KC). Other constituents of the normal epidermis are Langerhans cells, melanocytes, Merkel cells and sporadic T-lymphocytes. Epidermis is subdivided into the following strata (beginning with the outermost layer): stratum corneum (SC), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum (SS) and stratum basale (SB). In the thick skin on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands, the stratum lucidum (SL) can be found (Murphy, 1997, James et al.,
The integumentary system has five main functions. The five main functions of the integumentary system are protection, regulation, sensation, absorption, and secretion. It consists of the hair, nails, skin, sebaceous and sweat glands. The largest organ of the entire body is the skin. The skin consists of three different layers. The epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layer, these are the three layers of the skin. There is a layer that is deeper than the skin and contains body fat, that layer is called the hypodermis. Sweat glands are also called sudoriferous glands. One of the functions of the skin is to maintain homeostasis. Synthesis of vitamin D, excretion of urea, excretion of salts and water are a few things that the skin is also capable of. The top layer of the skin is called the epidermis. The epidermis contains five different layers. These layers are the stratum corneum, the stratum lucidum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum basale. In the epidermis there are four different cell types. The keratinocytes which produce keratin, the merkel cells that are sensitive to touch, the langerhans cells which is a dendritic type off cell, and the melanocytes which produce melanin.
The epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin, is made up of four to five layers in some parts (Shier, Butler, & Lewis, 2009). In the majority of the areas, just four layers can be differentiated: the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum (p.119). Another layer is the stratum lucidum which can be found in the thicker part of the skin of the palms and ...
Today, the wing is among the most essential aspects of a bird. Therefore, understanding the morphology of how these wings evolved into flight plays a critical role
The integumentary system is an organ system that is often overlooked when compared to other major organ systems. The importance of the integumentary system and its role in thermoregulation and its first line protection for the body is of utmost importance. The integumentary system includes the following organs: skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. Skin is a very large organ, and is the most important organ of the integumentary system. The surface area of the skin is about 20 square feet, and weighs about 10 pounds.
Antlers are not formed in the epidermis and do not consist of keratin but are...
Did you know that birds have the second numerous population of vertebrates in the world? All birds have feathers, which separates them from any other living organism. Birds also have over 10,000 species, which is about 2x more than mammal species. Furthermore, all birds lay eggs, although some are larger than others. Also, the largest group of birds are passerines or perching bird in Latin. Excluding the vestigial-winged kiwi bird, all birds have visible wings. Although nearly all birds have wings, not all can fly. Take the ostrich, the world’s biggest bird, for example. The ostrich is too heavy to fly because it does not have hollow bones. As you can see, birds have many unique characteristics.
The dermal tissue system consist of epidermis and periderm whose cells contain protoplasm and nucleus without intercellular spaces. The dermal tissue system is theprotective outer layer for the whole part of plant. It acts like human skin which forms the first line of defence against physical damage and pathogen.A single tissue called epidermis, is a layer of tightly packed cell usually found in non-woody plant or herbaceous plants. The epidermis forms a protective cover in plant organs like stem, flower, fruits and leaves. Epidermis possesses numerous minute openings called stomata, thesmall gated pores that are formed bythe guard cells and their subsidiary cellswhose main function is the exchange of gases between the
The human body is very complex. It is like a job. You have to do a million things in one day to make it through the day. The body uses nine systems to do all of those jobs. They all have separate functions, but some work together. Each system is also made up of organs. There are many ways to care and protect the systems from the many different problems they can have. There are also many interesting facts about each system.