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Social interaction deficit of a child with autism
Identify problems that individuals with an autistic spectrum condition may have in social interactions and relationships
Social interaction deficit of a child with autism
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Introduction
Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social reciprocity and communication, and the presence of restricted or repetitive activities. Onset of autism is before the age of three. The etiology of autism is organic, though no single pathologic event has been identified as uniquely or universally associated with the disorder. The diagnosis of autism can be made accurately at two years of age, with social and communication impairments presenting as primary impairments.1,2 Treatments that are specialized for autism and begin at young ages have been found to contribute to significant gains in cognitive, social and language functioning.3-8 Thus, several different professional practice parameters emphasize the
For the purpose of these literature review a search was done using PubMed which is available through the Medical Library of the National Guard Health Services. This research focus is Autism and its management. Using these four key words "Autism" "definition" , "symptoms", and "treatment". As result, nine papers were found and this literature review summarizes them.
At one point or another we’ve all probably heard the name, Sir Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and/or Nikola Tesla in our academic careers. For the few who didn’t pay much attention when going over the work of these men, all three were practically “rock stars” in their respective fields of physics and engineering. So, what about names like Vincent van Gogh, Mark Twain, Mozart and Bill Gates? What could three men who helped shape our understanding of the world have in common with a post-Impressionist painter, an American author, distinguished composer, and multi-billionaire? The answer…autism. Through retrospective diagnosis and research, all seven men have been speculated to have had autism or display symptoms and behavioral traits of autistic individuals.
Every year doctors diagnose thousands of adults and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Due to the growing awareness of autism and recent developments in technology, scientists and doctors can now discover and observe the effects of autism on society, and people. Starting with its discovery, researchers have been able to diagnose people more effectively. Doctors are beginning to discover what causes this disorder, and are currently trying to find ways to prevent and treat it. Many places have opened their doors to people with this disorder, creating autistic friendly environments where people are patient and understanding. Schools have also become accommodating to autistic children and adults. Autism also puts great strain on family and home lives.
“Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how someone communicates with, and relates to other people. Autism also affects how a person makes sense of the world around them ”(autism.org). People wonder the causes of this disability, but what they do not know is there has not been an official cause yet determined! Although there hasn’t been an official cause of autism, there are a lot of theories people believe cause autism. One of the main theories is what pills or vitamins women take during their pregnancy. During pregnancy women have to be very careful on what antibiotics or vitamins they take. Sometimes the child can be affected by the pill which leads to problems during birth. “Another major theory is exposure to chemical pollutants, metals, pesticides, etc.” (webmd.). These substances contain a lot of poisons, chemicals, or bacteria that are very dangerous for a fetus to be exposed too. This is why people say pregnant women should just stay away from places where these substances are. But the main theory that many people think causes autism is vaccines. Although vaccines are supposed to prevent disease, people think there is a chemical in them which causes autism, but this theory is false! The cause of autism has not yet been fully determined, but it is not caused by vaccines; it is usually caused by genetics, metabolic or neurological factors, or lastly problems that occurred during birth.
Autism is a developmental disorder that appears within the first three years of a child’s life. It affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. Autism affects 1 out of 68 children. It is also the fastest growing disability in the United States. There are multiple types of Autism, some children are considered high functioning, and some are low functioning. “High functioning” is when a child with autism can function in life, and completes jobs, and chores with little to no help. “Low functioning” is when a child with autism cannot complete simple daily tasks without help, and (or) constant supervision.
Autism is described as a neuro - developmental condition affecting the way the brain processes information and how a person communicates and relates to others. Individuals with autism face challenges in three main areas of their lives: social communication, social imagination and social relationships; this is referred to as the ‘triad of impairments’. Characteristics may include lack of flexible thinking regarding interests, routines and rules, difficulty communicating effectively with others and deficits in understanding how to interact with other people. Additional difficulties may include sensory, physical and mental health difficulties. It must be noted that each individual with autism is different and how and to what extent each person is affected by these impairments is unique. The nature of autism presents a challenge not only for the child but for their families and people they encounter daily. As a result of these challenges and impairments people with autism may find it difficult to build critical skills that may enhance their general happiness and health. There are many behavioural interventions used to enhance language and communication, social skills and cognitive skills, however anecdotal evidence and limited research show that difficult physical activities may be used in conjunction with traditional interventions to improve symptoms, behaviours and quality of life for individuals with autism.
Autism is characterized as a developmental disorder that is seen in children by the age of three years old. Autism affects the brains normal, natural development, and causes many impairments. The major impairments that affect an individual are reciprocal socialization, Qualitative impairment in communication, and repetitive or unusual behavior. Signs of Autism can be seen in early infanthood, with proper awareness and resources. An infant child can appear to be adverse to eye contact early on. Some signs in early infancy appear as being indifferent to affection and physical contact. When spoken to, they can appear to be deaf or ignoring the parent or caregiver. Noticing the early red flags of Autism can provide an early intervention and give the child the best chance at learning to tolerate their environment. Children around three years old will display certain signs and symptoms.
“Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that appears in the first three years of life and affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills” (“Board”). Autism is a widely varied disorder with effects ranging from improved intelligence and savant abilities to the inability to speak and live a normal life. Despite all the research and effort to cure it, there is no cure for autism. With the rates of autism climbing and more people, like Daniel Tammet, being affected, there is an increasing need to learn about this interesting disorder.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that effects the brains development. It is characterized by affecting communication, cognition and social interaction. The spectrum of the disorders ranges from a mild condition called Asperger’s syndrome to a more severe form, which severely impairer’s development. The Office of Communications and Public Liaison states that the disorder affects one and eighty-eight children, however ASD effects boys more frequently than girls (Office of Communications and Public Liaison, 2013). ASD emerges in all age, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. The significant varied character and severity of the disorder is why ASD is considered a spectrum that poses a broad range of symptoms.
Autistic children have beautiful minds but struggle to show what is in their mind. It takes years for an autistic child’s brain to develop, with a lot of hard work from the child and the family. Having autism is a daily struggle for anyone involved and takes many people to help the child. Educational classes can be taken, and family can help the child also from home. Symptoms are the first signs of autism, then come the behavior changes. After that, treatment can be done to help the child develop. An everyday routine should be established to help child
A. General Description/History of the disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental, chronic condition characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction in addition to restricted, repetitive behavior patterns (Corcoran & Walsh, 2016). According to Holaday (2012), the term “autism” was coined by a Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist in the early 1900s, and originally referred to an extreme withdrawal of oneself from social life. In 1943, Leo Kanner, who was working in the field of abnormal child development, made the first formal documentation of autism, noting descriptions of children who have neither the ability to use language for communication nor the ability to form usual contact with people (Holaday,
Cognitive theory Cognitive theory is an approach to psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding your thought processes E.g. A therapist is using principles of cognitive theory when she teaches you how to identify your maladaptive thought patterns and transform them in to constructive ones Cognitive theory basics The assumption for cognitive theory is that thoughts are the primary determinants of emotions and behavior Information processing is a common description of this mental process and theorist compare the way the human mind functions to a computer Pure cognitive theory largely rejects behaviorism another approach to psychology on the basis that reduces complex human behavior the simple cause and effect
The scientific and medical community states that “Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication and by repetitive and stereotyped behaviors.” (Beaudoin, Sébire & Couture, 2014) Autism is typically diagnosed during infancy, however, there are cases, when it has been diagnosed in an adult, after years of normal development. To put it simply,
Autism is a developmental disability that hugely impacts the lives of the people it touches. The word Autism comes from the Greek word autos, meaning self. To say that it only touches the life of the individual would be naïve; it is better stated that autism goes deep down into the person’s being, consuming their whole life by impacting their communication skills; intelligence, language and their overall behavior. There are many forms and degrees of severity of autism, therefore there is no universal treatment and each individual with the disability will respond to treatment in different ways. However, there are steps that can be taken to ensure that the individual develops and thrives. Autism affects not only how an individual interacts and communicates with others but how they develop; there is no cure, but early diagnosis, treatment and behavioural support can alleviate the stress of living with autism.
(Tustin, 1972, p. 1) Children and adults with autism normally have problems in verbal and non-verbal contact, social communications, and leisure or play activities. Autism is one of five disorders coming under the umbrella of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), a category of neurological disorders characterized by "severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development," including social interaction and communications skills (DMS-IV-TR). The five disorders under PDD are Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), Rett's Disorder, and PDD-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Autism is a spectrum disorder. In the normal autism of early infancy, there are the components from which this can take place but which are not developed.