Globalization, as one of today 's controversial issues, can be defined as the increasing integration of economics, societies and civilizations. It includes and goes beyond, the more simple internationalization defined as relations among and within Nations.Globalization is the restructuring process that works across units and affects all aspects of human life: from capital flows, through political collaboration, to the flow of ideas.It also includes environmental pollution, criminal behavior,disease and ultimately terror.Travel and Tourism are among the many causes and results of globalization processes. There is a huge body of literature on internationalization from the point of the individual enterprise,Pugh and Plath (2003). Johanson and …show more content…
This paper explores the global decision-making processes of global managers. The first element examined is the multiple intelligence that global managers need to be able to address the issues associated with global decisions. These eight IQs are considered critical elements in the decision-making capabilities of global managers. Following this discussion, the composition of global groups and their impact on the decision-making process is explored to determine how the composition of the group inhibits/supports the global manager. The next step in the decision-making process discussed in the paper is that of the nature of the task(s). The type of task can have a direct impact on the effectiveness as well as the efficiency of global manager 's decision-making. The crux of the issue is that a global orientation to decision-making is poised as being significantly different from decision processes use by managers in a multinational …show more content…
In countries like the United States and Singapore, the answer is yes. Organizations in these countries use employee training and development to help people improve their skills and performance. In countries like Russia and Greece, however, family and background count for more than performance. Uncertainty Avoidance Life often brings unpredictable events, and with them anxiety. Uncertainty avoidance reflects the extent to which members of a society attempt to cope with anxiety by minimizing uncertainty. Should you establish rules, procedures, and social norms to help your employees deal with uncertainty? In countries where uncertainty avoidance is high, like Brazil and Switzerland, the answer is yes. People in such societies want strict rules, laws, and policies to eliminate or control the unexpected. Employees in these countries tend to seek order, consistency, and structure. Countries with low uncertainty avoidance, in contrast, are less rule-oriented. They tolerate a variety of opinions and are open to change and taking risks. Countries with low uncertainty avoidance include Hong Kong and Malaysia
Uncertainty avoidance is the next cultural value to be considered. Joe’s owe culture, Sub-Saharan Africa, tends to be somewhere between low and high uncertainty avoidance. Low uncertainty avoidance being more comfortable with the uncertainty of outcomes and high uncertainty avoidance seeking to know the results from the onset of a course of action. Joe, personally, leans toward high uncertainty
Uncertainty avoidance describes cultural behavior which depends on a set of rules to determine or guide cultural behavior. Within this group, individuals within this culture feel ”threatened by uncertainty and ambiguity and try to avoid these situations (Hofstede, 1991: 113).”
The relationship between certainty and doubt has been a heavily debated topic throughout history and especially in the mid-1800s. For most people, having some doubt on one’s opinions is much more beneficial than having absolute certainty because doubt allows one to review his potential choice and leaves room for him to make improvements on his choice. Someone who lives with absolute certainty cannot weigh the pros and cons because he has the confidence that what he believes is the right decision for everyone; however, there are situations in one’s life where absolute certainty is necessary, such as in team sports. With the exception of competitions, however, it is more important for one to have doubt in his or her life because doubt allows
The possibility for our individuality to be understood and accepted in a social environment’s culture is low depending on how we manage the effects of uncertainty reduction theory and relational uncertainty. Uncertain reduction theory is described as “a lack of confidence about how an interpersonal interaction will proceed because of the challenge to describe, to explain, and to predict behaviour by gaining
Uncertainty refers to how well you can accurately predict how strangers will behave during their initial interaction and the ability to explain the strangers' behavior. Research on uncertainty reduction theory has been limited to attitude similarity. However, it has been argued that in order to understand the influence of similarity on interpersonal relations, research must examine cultural similarity/dissimilarity also. This term refers to how similar and/or different the cultures are from which the communicators come.
Moreover, learning behavior effects were also stronger in high uncertainty avoidance cultures compared to low uncertainty avoidance cultures. Uncertainty avoidance is defined in the literature as the extent to which members of society are threatened by (i.e., high UA) or tolerate (i.e., low UA) uncertainty and ambiguity in the workplace (Hofstede, 1980; Fraizier et al.,
(Bilton et al 1996:5) The process of globalization has certainly had many changing effects to the world we live in; it has also changed the way many factors operate. Globalization is said "to have transformed the structure and scale of human relationships that social, cultural, political, and economic processes now operate at a global scale with a consequent reduction in the significance of other geographical scales. "(The Dictionary of human geography 2004:315) Globalization has had both positive and negative effects on a local, national, international and global level. Globalization often brings benefits at one level which cause negative effects at another, these results and the scale at which they manifest are often uncertain and unpredictable.
Examine how a global company can delineate decision-making responsibility that balances a corporate code of conduct with regional cultural differences to achieve optimal business results.
Sledge, Miles, and Coppage (2008) explain uncertainty avoidance as “the degree of risk aversion” (1670). In a country with high uncertainty avoidance there may be more policies and procedures in place. In a culture with low uncertainty avoidance companies could empower employees to develop new ideas.
In understanding that most ambiguity exists because of the fear of failing or being wrong, safety and trust is key to allowing individuals to
Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent a culture has programmed its members to remain comfortable or uncomfortable in unstructured or structured situation. This dimension refers to how a culture teaches people to handle uncertainty and stress. It is measures using the uncertainty index.
Globalization can be defined as the international incorporation which results from the exchange of products, culture, ideas, and worldviews. It may also be defined as the increased flow of people, information, and goods across international boundaries. Increase in transportation and the internet has brought about an increase in globalization. Three different forms of globalization dominate the world which are; economic globalization which is the rise in the economic dependence of national economies all over the world due to a rise in to and fro movement of technology, capital, and service from one country to another, political globalization which is different government sectors using the same method, practice, and ideology, and social globalization which involves the unceasing spread of religious beliefs and ideals, whether by the use of soft means such as persuasion or by the use of force. Some individuals and social groups resist globalization because they belief that globalization would destroy their culture and their natural environment, bring ...
Using 1997 financial crisis and other examples, discuss how globalization is important to the modern business journalism. Introduction
Globalization on a broader scale, is an integration act, involving cultural, mental, political as well as economic aspects of a person, among countries. It is mostly limited to, economic integration, associated with movement of people, exchange of technology and information, trade as well as financial flows. . This is practice is clearly miles ahead, as demonstrated by the ever increasing capital flows in the world economy as well as the level of importance, the world economy has. As a result of globalization, tremendous pressure is on the nations to keep up with its demands and this has had a lot of consequences. Some pundits will tell you that these effects are only economic based,
In the human mind there are many things that go into decision-making every single day. The strong impetus that drive one’s decision in a situation: certainty and doubt. These feelings that people often have are connected very closely. It would be extremely beneficial for each and every person to be certain in all situations. Both certainty and doubt can be, and have been, the deciding factor in reaching a goal or failing in reaching it. Doubt in oneself oftentimes leads to lack of certainty, and a lack of certainty brings about doubt, and this relationship is key to success or failure in all walks of life. Both certainty and doubt are extremely forceful elements that often alter decision-making and play a huge role in people’s lives and history,