1.4.1. Image Digitization
An image captured by a sensor is expressed as a continuous function f(x,y) of two co-ordinates in the plane. In Image digitization the function f(x,y) is sampled into a matrix with n columns and m rows. An integer value is assigns to each continuous sample in the image quantization. The continuous range of the image function f(x,y) is split into k intervals. When finer the sampling (i.e. the larger m and n) and quantization (the larger k) the better the approximation of the continuous image function f(x, y). Two questions should be answered in connection with image function sampling:
First, the sampling period should be determined - the distance between two neighboring sampling points in the image.
Second, the geometric arrangement of sampling points (sampling grid)
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Digital image processing encompasses processes whose inputs and outputs are images and, in addition encompasses processes that extract attributes from images of the area containing the text, preprocessing that image, extracting or segmenting individual characters, describing the characters in a form suitable for computer processing, and recognizing those individual characters are in the scope of which is called digital image processing. Digital Image Processing Applications:
The most important commercial application of image processing is in geology. The image processing is also used in mineral, oil exploration and marine acquisition.
Office automation: optical character recognition, document processing cursive script recognition, logo and icon recognition etc.
Industrial automation: automation inspection system, non-destructive testing, automatic assembling, process related to VLSI manufacturing, PCB checking.
Robotics: oil and natural gas exploration
Production has also been economised by the introduction automated production with continual processes. This allows an easy and flexible method to
One image type is 2D computer graphics which are a computer based generation of digital images. 2D computer graphics are mostly used for typography, cartography, technical drawings, and advertising. These graphics were created in the 1950s and based off of vector graphics. 2D Models combine geometric models, digital images, text, and mathematical functions. Components of 2D graphics can be modified and manipulated by two-dimensional transformations like translation, rotation, and scaling. Complex 2D models can be built by combining simple objects (Peterson).
...dustrial automation and for input/output functional needs. The low cost per signal line, minimal power consumption, overall Ethernet network capabilities, and self-request maintenance allow for home/office automation, controlled machinery, system monitoring, and remote access control. With key features for industry requirements, the IRP module is an ideal tool for networking needs.
In this section, the results of the research are presented. For each task carried out, the most important information obtained is presented.
Photography is the process of making pictures by the action of light. Light reflected from a subject forms an image of that subject on a light-sensitive device, called a camera, onto a paper-like material, called a picture. The image formed by light is then digitally or chemically processed into a photograph. The word photograph is combined from two different greek words. Photo comes from the greek word light, and graph comes from the greek word to write or draw. Altogether photography means to write or draw with light.
...irplane that the inspector can navigate through via voice commands to mark a region of the airplane that is in need of service. Once identified, the application tags the area for transmission to the maintenance database and initiates the proper form for the inspector to fill out. The form is completed and then transmitted to the same maintenance database. When the inspector has identified all of the problems with a particular region, voice navigation is used to continue to other areas of the aircraft. The inspector is not required to take any information about the aircraft, previous defect records, clipboards, paper, etc. with them, everything required to perform the inspection is on-line and displayed in a manageable fashion in real time during the inspection. When the inspector completes the inspection, no further input is required. The inspector is not required to take notes and then pass them off to someone else to decipher and input to the system. The information is already in the maintenance database and ready for verification, planning, and scheduling.
directly. The rise of what is known now as a 'digital art' or 'internet art' reaches beyond the
Sources for this paper have been literature, the Annual Report 2003, further Bosch publications and internet sources.
When people think of robots, an image of a mechanical, stiff, talking, moving, human-like machine might come to mind. Robots are, in fact, computerized machines that are ultimately utilized to simplify larger scale tasks. They include control machines, computer controllers, or microprocessor based automated systems just to name a few. The ultimate goal of industrial engineering is to expedite processes; therefore, with such developed and modern technology, the manufacturing process is more efficient, cost effective, and there is almost no human error. With all its benefits the automation and robotics movement has made way for new fetes and greater prospects in economic terms for large-scale firms.
Figure 2.1 This figure is shows the sampling data of image aerial photograph. (Norbert Haala, 2009)
Today the technological world has developed and has continued to innovate to provide an easier lifestyle. This is the main focus of automation. Automation has gained more recognition from people in the business and industrial sectors. The purpose of this report is to discuss and inform the overview knowledge in the automation field. “Automation is the system of manufacture designed to extend the capacity of machines to perform certain tasks formerly done by humans, and to control sequences of operations without human intervention” (Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 2017, p. 1). Humans are capable of such incredible things and have improved throughout time even develop automated technology to do those tasks. Automation and the technology
Weimer, George. ?Robots ?see? factory?s future.? Material Handling Management (Mar. 2002): 25. InfoTrac. Online. Nov. 2002 .
In this report we want to know how process in manufacturing is done, what they consider in this manufacturing process and different organizations in production process.
Digital camera is a very important tool nowadays. People would always want to save their memories in the shape of pictures that will last forever. People were amazed when the first ever camera introduced back in hundreds of years ago. At that time camera consisted of large and impractical components and it was very hard to use. In fact, it even took quite some time to develop the pictures on the paper. But now there are some products of digital camera that are very easy to use and with its pocket-sized feature, one can carry it everywhere. There are several advantages of using digital camera: very easy to use, easy to carry on, instant feedback; which means one can immediately review the captured pictures and erase any pictures that they don’t like. One real advantage of digital camera is that one can share the pictures with other people easily thanks to the high speed internet connection. Before digital camera one has to print pictures, paying for postage, and waiting for the pictures to be delivered. Gone were that days since it is possible now to share the pictures online within minutes.
A word processor enables the user to create a document, store it electronically on a USB or on a computer, display it on a screen, modify or format it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer. What Application Software is Available?