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The impact of Journalism
The impact of Journalism
John D. Rockefeller and the oil industry
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Ida Tarbell, one of the first "muckrakers," as they receive the name from Theodore Roosevelt, agreed that journalists should write for truth. Her landmark book “The History of the Standard Oil Company depicted the way John D. Rockefeller's Company gained a monopoly, over the oil industry. Her writing was one of the greatest serials even in the wide spreading muckraking magazines. The book made her famous and established a model for journalism that is still followed today. Why Ida focused on exposing the “monopoly monster” --Standard Oil Company has to do with her childhood experiences. Ida Minerva Tarbell was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania, on November 5, 1857. Her parents, Esther and Franklin Tarbell, were schoolteachers. But after oil
Rockefeller was America’s first billionaire, and he was the true epitome of capitalism. Rockefeller was your typical rags-to-riches businessman, and at the turn of the twentieth century, while everyone else in the working class was earning ten dollars max every week, Rockefeller was earning millions. There has been much discussion as to whether Rockefeller’s success was due to being a “robber baron”, or as a “captain of industry”. By definition, a robber baron was an industrialist who exploited others in order to achieve personal wealth, however, Rockefeller’s effect on the economy and the lives of American citizens has been one of much impact, and deserves recognition. He introduced un-seen techniques that greatly modified the oil industry. During the mid-nineteenth century, there was a high demand for kerosene. In the refining process from transforming crude oil to kerosene, many wastes were produced. While others deemed the waste useless, Rockefeller turned it into income by selling them. He turned those wastes into objects that would be useful elsewhere, and in return, he amassed a large amount of wealth. He sold so much “waste” that railroad companies were desperate to be a part of his company. However, Rockefeller demanded rebates, or discounted rates, from the railroad companies, when they asked to be involved with his business. By doing so, Rockefeller was able to lower the price of oil to his customers, and pay low wages to his workers. Using these methods,
Being a conscientious journalist, Ida Tarbell is known for the inauguration of muckraking. President Theodore Roosevelt had given the term ‘muckraking’ to this type of investigative journalism done by Ida Tarbell. Roosevelt did not fully support her work because of its "focus and tone." The President got this name from a c...
Fifth Edition Vol 2, New York: Longman, 1999. Hidey, Ralph W. and Muriel E. "History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), Vol. 1" Pioneering in Big Business" " Taking Sides Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History" eds.
Statement of Facts: On April 14, Ida Carry was in her front yard, across the street from Roosevelt Elementary School, and children were playing in the playground. She heard the crossing guard¡¦s whistle blow and tires squealing. ...
Throughout Ida B. Wells’ diary, she has many struggles, ups and downs. Her diary takes us from her young promiscuous days as a young woman with her various friends, callers, and not knowing who she really was to basically a travel log as a married lady who was well set, owned her own news paper, and a spokesman for blacks all across America. During these years, she goes through long stretches of depression and happiness. In her struggles of depression, Wells very much struggles with three particular concepts the most. Wells has big problems her identity, the way black women were treated, and stereotypes of blacks.
Some, like Roosevelt viewed methods of muckrakers such as Ida Tarbell, Ray S. Baker, Lincoln Steffens, and Upton Sinclair as these types of people. Others saw these muckraking methods as perfectly acceptable for fighting against the industrial powerhouses. Either way, these muckrakers worked hard to arouse sentiment in the hearts of the public (Reiger 1).
To describe John D. Rockefeller in one word would be an extremely difficult, if not impossible thing to do. Rockefeller was known by so many things in his time and still today; a captain of industry who revolutionised the American economy with new business practices and keen management of what he controlled, a robber baron who lied and cheated his way to the top with back room dealings and taking advantage of the most disadvantaged of people. In his early life, Rockefeller grew up in Richmond, New York with his two brothers and two sisters about 20 years before the start of the Civil War as the child of Eliza Davison and William Avery Rockefeller. His father was con artist who spent most of John’s life traveling selling his various elixirs and his mother was a devout Baptist who John said shaped his life and most of his religious views for the rest of his life. Towards the end of his life, Rockefeller had built up a beyond substantial fortune but, seeing as how he was now retired from the oil industry and had no desire to invest into a new business, he decided to follow Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth by donating the bulk of his wealth to charity. John D. Rockefeller was truly a man who was almost undefinable despite the simple black and white labels that most people and historians have pinned upon him, as we examine his life it can be determined that Rockefeller was neither an evil man nor a good one but someone who lived his life in the grey.
In the late 1800s to the early 1900s people there were people called “Muckrakers”. These were the people that uncovered the ugly truth of things like meatpacking apartments. One of the books written was Upton Sinclair’s, The Jungle. Their goals were to uncover a problem to the public then try to eliminate it. In the Progressive Era, muckrakers tried to point out things that no one else knew about. Muckrakers were very influential people during the Progressive Era.
Ida B. Ida B wells was born on July 16, 1862, in Holly Springs, Mississippi. Ida B. Wells was born into slavery and was the oldest of six other siblings. Both of her parents and one of her siblings died in a yellow fever outbreak, leaving Wells to care for her other siblings. She received her early education, but she had to drop out at the age of 16. She then convinced a school administrator that she was 18 in order to get a job as a teacher In 1882. Wells moved with her sisters to Memphis, Tennessee, to live with a relative. Ida B. wells made an important impact on the African American community by leading anti lynching crusades in the U.S, becoming a powerful journalist , and by participating in the founding of the N.A.A.C.P.
Another important group in the fight against unjust societal institutions were the muckrakers, a new brand of investigative journalists who sought to expose issues including immigrant life and political corruption, among many others. Muckrakers were often encouraged to “terrify evil doers and arouse the consciousness.” In addition, many journalists regarded their craft to be the “guardian and nourisher of civic virtue.” By viewing their profession as an element of civic good, muckrakers gained a sense of legitimacy amongst the American media.
Ida B. Wells (1862-1931) was a newspaper editor and journalist who went on to lead the American anti-lynching crusade. Working closely with both African-American community leaders and American suffragists, Wells worked to raise gender issues within the "Race Question" and race issues within the "Woman Question." Wells was born the daughter of slaves in Holly Springs, Mississippi, on July 16, 1862. During Reconstruction, she was educated at a Missouri Freedman's School, Rust University, and began teaching school at the age of fourteen. In 1884, she moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where she continued to teach while attending Fisk University during summer sessions. In Tennessee, especially, she was appalled at the poor treatment she and other African-Americans received. After she was forcibly removed from her seat for refusing to move to a "colored car" on the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, the Tennessee Supreme Court rejected her suit against the railroad for violating her civil rights in 1877. This event and the legal struggle that followed it, however, encouraged Wells to continue to oppose racial injustice toward African-Americans. She took up journalism in addition to school teaching, and in 1891, after she had written several newspaper articles critical of the educational opportunities afforded African-American students, her teaching contract was not renewed. Effectively barred from teaching, she invested her savings in a part-inte...
Muckrakers were reporters that would investigate the problems of American society and expose them to the public.
Muckraking was another way people got their point across, they would find out all the information that they could on a person and they would basically, just drag their good name thought the mud, telling the people about, the things that they might not know, the corrupt things and bad deals and kickbacks...
Journalists began to expose the dishonesty happening in bigger corporations, something referred to as muckraking, a name given by the President. Muckraking is “the use of journalistic skills to expose the underside of American life” (Give Me Liberty: An American History Vol. 2, Foner, 2017, pg. 695). Some influential “muckrakers” were Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarrell, and Upton Sinclair. Lincoln Steffens, who wrote the Shame of the Cities, “showed how party bosses and business leaders profited from political corruption” (Give Me Liberty: An American History Vol. 2, Foner, 2017, pg. 695). His work was published in McClure's Magazine from 1901-1902, then in book format in 1904. Ida Tarrell, hired by McClure's Magazine, exposed Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company's schemes. Her final product called, History of the Standard Oil Company, became two volumes, published in 1904. Upton Sinclair, considered as one of the most influential uncovering novel, the Jungle, exposed America's Meat Industry. In 1906, the Jungle described “unsanitary slaughterhouses and the sale of rotten meat” (Give Me Liberty: An American History Vol. 2, Foner, 2017, pg. 696). These discoveries led to change in Americans protesting for change. Some issues may not have been addressed immediately, but the issues did have their time in the spotlight, like, the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. After the
Muckraking is the action of searching out and publicizing scandalous information about famous people or news in an underhanded way. During the Progressive Era, muckrakers hoped to influence the public to address certain political and social problems. Muckrakers would use journalism to combat social evils and made calls for reform. Journalists who investigated issues wrote intense, opinionated articles. During the Progressive Era, the term "muckraking" came about when president Theodore Roosevelt when he used a phrase from John Bunyun. Muckraking journalists exposed all of America's problems such as rapid industrialization and growth of cities. Ray Stannard Baker and Upton Sinclair were two among the many muckrakers who helped spread the gossip