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Evolution of human aggression
Evolution of human aggression
The causes and effects of violence
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Recommended: Evolution of human aggression
PART I
INTRODUCTION
It is a fact that a person may harm another person in a form of aggression at some point in time. When people get frustrated, they are expected to be aggressive. And when people do aggressive acts, it may be said that the aggression is brought about by prior frustration. This is the suggestion of the frustration-aggression hypothesis. (Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, & Sears, 1939). There are also existing factors that influence us to do so. Some harm others to deal with aversion, others harm because they expect rewards or have observed other people rewarded, or basically because they are obliged or expected to do so. (Fall, 2010) Expectation of rewards also involves material benefits, social approval, and attention. (Delamater & Myers, 2012) The reward to be expected by the
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(Buss, 1961). Because it involves the perception of intent, what looks like aggression from one point of view may not look that way from another, and the same harmful behavior may or may not be aggressive depending on its intent (Baron, R. A., & Richardson, D. R., 1994). Retaliation, on the other hand, is to simply take revenge or do something bad to a person who has treated one badly. (Merriam-Webster, 2015) To retaliate, means to do something in response to an action that is done to oneself or an associate, especially to attack or cause pain to someone as a response to a hurtful action. (The Free Dictionary Farlex, Inc., 2015) Retaliation doesn’t just occur naturally without any apparent conditions, there are factors that affect a person’s degree of retaliation towards a certain target. A person is more likely to be aggressive to another person who is similar or acquainted to him, to a person who deserves it, and to a person who is less expected to retaliate or take revenge. (Delamater & Myers,
While revenge may feel sweet at times, in most cases it is destructive to yourself and those around you. The article “Revenge:Will You Feel Better?” makes one contemplate this, and draws the question “is revenge really worth it?” Well, in the article, Karyn Hall suggests that “Revenge can be a strong urge, but you may not feel better if you act on it.” In fact, in a study performed by Kevin Carlsmith showed that “...the students that got revenge reported feeling worse than those who didn't…” With this, one may see that revenge is pointless, and in most cases leaves you feeling worse than the people you performed it
Where justice is putting a stop to the perpetrator for what they have done wrong. “Justice-as logically, legally and ethically defined-isn’t really about getting even or experiencing a spiteful joy in retaliation. Instead, it's about righting a wrong,” from Leon F.Seltzer’s “Don’t Confuse Revenge With Justice: Five Key Differences.” In other words, justice is not about getting back at anyone with retaliation but correcting a wrong to restore balance.
Aggression is defined as any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm according to Baumeister & Bushman (2014). A study was conducted in 1967 by Leonard Berkowitz and Anthony LePage, to determine whether the presence of weapons would elicit aggressive behavior from an individual (Baumeister & Bushman, 2014). They hypothesized that participants were likely to associate weapons, particularly firearms, to aggression and violence, which would cause observing a weapon to elicit an aggressive response. The experiment determined that the presence of weapon can elicit an aggressive response from people ready to act aggressively. In the study, participants were shocked up to seven times then given the opportunity to
Last defensive mechanism is undoing. Undoing is a way to take back unnecessary behavior or a bad comment. By doing this a person would try to do or say positive things to undo their actions. For example, when i broke my mom's vase I tried to put it back together for her so she won’t be as mad as she is. Another time is in middle school I made a joke about someone's shoes and my teacher made me apologize. For the rest of the class period I started praising on how the person looked that day.
...h murders and violence, we must regard aggression as a summated response to many factors. Individually, the factors probably are harmless, but when united, they can be unleashed as aggression in which case terrible crimes take the lives of so many innocent people.
... always justice, and there is usually more emotion involved in the revenge and thus the revenge hurts more than the original crime hurt.
Revenge, on the other hand, refers to an action taken by an individual as a response to an act of injustice. The principle of revenge is “an eye for an eye”…. Can revenge be justified and be as equally part of justice if they both seek retribution for a wrongdoing? The universal distinction between justice and revenge is quite distinctive, is there more beyond their differences? Revenge is retaliation by a wronged party against the person or people they see as having caused the wrong.
How it does not want you to touch it, but when a person does the jellyfish will sting you back right away. Revenge is close to the same as retaliation, but there is a time difference (Barash 4). The response is delayed here. It’s it builds up over time. The couple also argues that it’s not always even either. So it’s not an eye for an eye, but perhaps a tooth for an eye. The authors give an example of a girl finding out that her boyfriend cheated on her. So she goes and buys some spray pain and graffiti’s his car with a slur. It wasn’t right away. Lastly, redirect aggression is the targeting of a bystander in response to one’s own pain by taking it out on an innocent bystander (Barash 5). They give the example of when a mother comes home from a horrible day at work and take it out on her son, who had nothing to do with her bad day at work. They are all a form of
The field of psychology has opened different hypothesis from a variety of theories with the aim of studying the behaviour of humans being as a result they concluded with five psychological perspectives. Behaviourist, Biological, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic perspectives are the deduction after a depth study of mental activity associate to human behaviour. In this essay I will be comparing two psychological perspectives according to aggressive behaviour.
Currently, most people are convinced that retribution serves as the best response to crimes and criminal activities. Researchers indicate that there has been a general strengthening of the attitude of the public with regard to crime over the last two decades. In addition, the researchers say that there has been a rise in the social acceptance of retribution towards criminal acts. Retribution, often perceived as the “ just deserts “ entails a complex ideology of punishment in which there has to be some form of punishment for any type of crime(Lambert & Clarke,2015). In addition, retribution asserts that the type of punishment given needs to be in proportion with the harm that the crime caused. The retribution ideology is based on
Taking revenge is a bitter sweet thing. I have always thought that people should always get what they desire, whether it be a grade, a smile and hug or in some cases, revenge. When I was in high school there seemed to be someone always trying to get me in trouble, they would say things that wouldn’t be true or do things to make me look bad. The fact that I never seemed to do anything to them would make me mad and wonder what I could do to get them back. Revenge would usually come in some sort of verbal put down or I would try to physically hurt them. It always seemed when I would get the revenge right away I would feel really good but as I thought about what I did, and what they did to me I would always feel guilty or wish I would have never done anything to them in return.
Retribution is what most commonly referred to as the “just deserts” model that says the punishment should match the “degree of harm a criminal has inflicted on their victims” (Stohr, Walsh, & Hemmens, 2013, p.6). In other words, what they “justly deserve”. Where minor crimes should expect a minor punishment, those who commit more severe crimes should expect to be met with just as severe of a punishment in return. An example, some believe that when someone kills someone else, that person should then, in turn, receive the death penalty (depending on the state this would also be allowed or expected by law).
Freud believes that aggression is a primal instinct, and civilization thwarts this instinct, making man unhappy. Civilized society controls man's tendency toward aggression through rules and laws and the presence of authority. These mechanisms are put in place to guarantee safety and happiness for all individuals in a society. However, the necessity of suppressing the aggressive drive in m...
My personal experience with revenge isn’t much, and it concerns little things. Revenge can simply be when a person draws on your book, and in spite you would draw on their book as well. It might as well occur in a game, for example my friend plays a lot of game online and this game is to simply ‘kill’ other opponents. Once, her character got attacked by another opponent but she was not prepared for the attack and she lost. Because of this, she was angry and wanted to seek revenge. She then got all her other friends to ‘gang’ up and attack the opponent. Since it wasn’t a very fair battle, the opponent lost. This act might seem childish and trivial, but this is the act of revenge.
Retribution should be taken for the violent crimes that are committed. Justice means that criminals get what they deserve. The punishment must fit the crime.