REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Evolution has been the product of genetic mutation and natural selection since life first appeared on Earth 3,6 billion years ago, in the form of prokaryotic bacteria. Over the last 4,5 million years, the newly bipedal and most primitive hominid, Australopithecus, developed into the modern human, Homo Sapiens Sapiens, as a result of these two factors. However, due to growing speed at which new technological innovations arise (such as medical advances and their augmentative effect on longevity, the curing of previously fatal diseases and the use of genetic modification on crops to increase agricultural yield), the driving force behind evolution is quickly becoming technology rather than biology (Dorey, 2009). Yet research
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Pappas examines the two opposing arguments (i.e. whether humans are gaining or losing intelligence over time). The evidence that humans are becoming more intelligent are as follows: modern technological advancements; IQ test scores are on the rise, as shown by the Flynn Effect (since IQ tests are revised several times a century, a researcher named James Flynn studied the IQ test scores of more recent generations on IQ tests set for previous generations and found them to be higher, thus indicating that the newer generations are more intelligent); children’s environments more geared towards learning; more schooling and stimulation; increased access to …show more content…
Rowan presents facts and statistics demonstrating the reach of children’s technology addiction and the adverse effects of technology on the developing child: emotional implications – children and young adults who are addicted to the internet are more lonely, have lower self-esteem and poorer social skills, and have more difficulty identifying emotions than their non-addicted counterparts; physical effects – 30% of children entering nursery school are developmentally impaired (i.e. lack some of the basic skills needed to thrive in school environments) and there is a definite correlation between the rise in obesity, cardiovascular disorders and diabetes and the increased usage of technology (due to movement deprivation, electromagnetic radiation, etc); mental disorders – ADD and other psychological disorders are on the rise due to the overstimulation of children (children who experience more than two hours a day of screen time are 60% more likely to develop psychological disorders), children are becoming increasingly detached and isolated, and children are becoming more likely to engage in risky behaviour (42% of children between 10 and 17 are frequent users of pornography, with the average age of first exposure at 6 years old); social disorders – the average child’s vocabulary has become stunted (20% of toddlers experience speech and language
In “Cultural Illiteracy,” a preface to the novel The Dumbest Generation, Mark Bauerlein critically evaluates how technological distractions affect the younger generation. Bauerlein states that “digital diversions” are cutting the younger generation off from culturally enhancing mediums and is in turn making the younger generation less intelligent. Though Bauerlein is correct about the increase of peer pressure due to technology, he is mistaken about how technology is making the younger generation unintelligent.
For centuries humans have depended on natural evolutionary processes for intelligence. Gathering information or doing simple research was a process that required large amounts of time and equipment until the proper information was found. Over the past several years we have seen how technology has advanced for the better of humanity. In “Get Smarter” by Jamais Cascio he brings to our attention some of the ways technology has benefited us today and how it could continue to benefit us in the future as well. The internet has become one of the largest breakthroughs in technology and become one of the most helpful tools created so far.
Isaacson and Dweck begin and would agree with a similar base that intelligence, to a `certain point, is innate upon those who society sees as intelligent. Isaacson proves his viewpoint by exploring the mind of Steve Jobs, someone that most would consider to be the pinnacle of intelligence, and stating that “His imaginative leaps were instinctive, unexpected, and at times magical. They were sparked by intuition, not analytic rigor” (Isaacson 3). By emphasizing
“The scientific study of how humans developed did not begin until the 1800s in Europe. Until that time, people relied on religious explanations of how humans came into existence. Starting in the 1500s a scientific revolution began to sweep Europe. Thinkers started using scientific methods and experiments to try to better understand the world and the creatures living in it. Eventually these methods were turned to the question of human origins” (The Nature Of Human Origins, 1). Earth made it possible for species to change over time because Ancient Earth provides ability to plenty of time.The Homo Sapien a is very complex creature. The species started off very simple by living in caves and surviving with little food and then later evolved into a species that were able to do many more complex things. The first species was Sahelanthropus tchadensis They were one of the most simple humans in that time period and on. They had very small skulls compared to Homo Sapiens today and their motor skills were just the same. We have evolved and changed for the better both mentally and physically. The Evolution of Homo Sapiens started off simple, such as the Neanderthals, and now we are the most advanced species to ever walk the planet so far.
Human intelligence is an eel-like subject: slippery, difficult to grasp, and almost impossible to get straight [3]. Many scientist and psychologist have made numerous attempts to come up with an explanation for the development of human intelligence. For many years, there has been much controversy over what intelligence is and whether it is hereditary or nurtured by the environment. Webster's dictionary defines intelligence as "the ability to acquire and apply knowledge; which includes a sensing an environment and reaching conclusions about the state of that environment [7]. In this paper I am going to examine the factors, which make up ones intelligence. I will be investigating whether or not intelligence is fostered by genetic heritance or nurtured by ones environment.
The human intelligence. The definition of intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Every human in the world has intelligences, however with different developed level. Intelligence is important because it play a role as the human basis of survival. If there is no intelligence, all the money, communication and technology in the world won’t help, it will be like a dead world. If we human live in this world without
On the ‘nature’ side of the debate is the psychometric approach, considered to be the most dominant in the study of intelligence, which “inspired the most research and attracted the most attention” (Neisser et al. 1996, p. 77). It argues that there is one general (‘g’) factor which accounts for intelligence. In the 1880s, Francis Galton conducted many tests (measuring reaction times to cognitive tasks), (Boundless 2013), in order to scientifically measure intelligence. These tests were linked to the eugenic breeding programme, which aimed to eliminate biologically inferior people from society. Galton believed that as intelligence was inherited, social class or position were significant indicators of intelligence. If an individual was of high social standing, they would be more intelligent than those of a lower position. However he failed to show any consistency across the tests for this hypothesis, weakening his theory that social class correlated with intelligence. Nevertheless, his creation of the intelligence test led many to continue to develop...
They are literally surrounded from it. But have we ever thought about the why? What is the real problem hiding behind the curtains? On January the 6th, 2018 in a letter JANA Partners and CALSTRS addressed to APPLE INC several concerns have been raised from the unappropriated use of the technology from kids. In this letter they cite the results of a survey conducted by the American Psychological Association. where 3500 U.S. parents believe that 58% of their children are attached or addicted to some electronic devices (JANA Partners, CALSTRS, 2018). But what happens and what causes the addiction? Our kid uses to much technology, but when we tent to suppress them from doing so, this only happens for as short period of time. Because of the addiction, they feel the need to return to them more eager than before. What we are doing in fact is just trying to keep them away from the high-tech devices, but in fact what we should do is try to spend more time with them, try to socialize them with other kids or find ways to engage them in sports and outdoor
Although, it is unfair to blame technology because of the content people put on it. Greenfield, Patricia, and Zheng Yan put it best when they say, “Just as we cannot ask whether a knife is inherently good or bad, we cannot ask whether the Internet is good or bad; we can simply document how it is used.” So, as much as some may blame the Internet for its problems, the real war is against the substance within the Internet (Greenfield, Patricia, and Zheng Yan 390-93). And thus comes the main argument against the Internet, is the composition of the Internet harmful to children?
Albert Einstein quoted, “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.” The use of technology today is affecting our future generations by introducing them fast into using technology. Children today are focusing more on Ipads, Ipods, smart phones, or other electronic devices, rather than focusing on their knowledge. In addition, toddlers are mastering using electronic devices before they can even speak. (Alison Lee, 2013) According to research conducted by Alison Lee, it has been shown that when her child was 17 months old, he could activate the television by the use of the remote control. Although, today’s technology has also abducted the minds of adults, and It makes them addicted to it. For example, due to careless driving and many causes of death accidents, this happens from people who use their electronic device while driving their vehicle. In fact, technology is being upgraded annually, and causing more people to get addicted to it. Today’s society is very addicted to technology, that studies indicated that 2013 is the year where some human beings have an internet disorder. In addition, people who have internet disorder suffer from this condition. However, people who are overly attached to the use of technology makes them more prone to anxiety, physiological disorders like cyber bullying, and clutched to that electronic device would dominate home life.
Biological evolution is the name for the changes in gene frequency in a population of a species from generation to generation. Evolution offers explanation to why species genetically change over years and the diversity of life on Earth. Although it is generally accepted by the scientific community, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been studied and debated for several decades. In 1859, Darwin published On The Origin of Species, which introduced the idea of evolutionary thought which he supported with evidence of one type of evolutionary mechanism, natural selection. Some of the main mechanisms of evolution are natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. The idea that all life on Earth shares a common ancestor has been around for a long time but has risen to significance in society over the last two centuries.
In this generation, everyone, mostly young adults, are glued to technology. We see people walking around, looking at the ground as if they have a ball and chain dangling from their necks. We see people sitting on their chairs and looking at their computer screens long enough for their backs to hurt and their eyes water from the bright screen. People addicted to the Internet are those who pay attention to a virtual world more than their own lives. Internet addiction has corrupted people’s social lives, prevented their maturation, and induced negative behaviors. In “Internet Addiction,” Greg Beato expresses how the Internet has corrupted lives and should be added to the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Behaviors.” If we continue our
Without evolution, and the constant ever changing environment, the complexity of living organisms would not be as it is. Evolution is defined as a process that results in heritable changes in a population spread over many generations (8).Scientists believe in the theory of evolution. This belief is based on scientific evidence that corroborates the theory of evolution. In Figure 1 the pictures of the skulls depict the sequence of the evolution of Homo-sapiens. As the figure shows, man has evolved from our common ancestor that is shared by homo-sapiens. The change of diet of homo-sapiens over time has thought to contribute to the change in jaw structure and overall skull shape.
Intelligence can be defined in many different ways. This concept has been the focus of numerous studies and investigations by psychologists and other scientific experts. Intelligence can be the mental ability to reason, plan ahead, understand a wide range of complex issues and learn from past experiences (Gottfredson, 1997). Intelligence is the “resultant of the process of acquiring, storing in memory, retrieving, combining, comparing, and using in new contexts information and conceptual skills” (Humphreys, 1979)
I strongly believe that people of my generation are smarter and more intelligent than our ancestors, while my grandparents disagree with this idea. I see that the present-day discovery of scientific facts and modern technology help shaping our idea of the world and lead us to the better understanding of the world, by giving us skill of swiftness, convenient access to information and fact of nature, and correcting the false myths. Also, brand-new style of teaching allows kids these days to be more creative and confident than those in the old days, as students are allowed to use ask their teacher when in doubt, and join an open discussion in class.