Human Trafficking and the International Sex Industry
Human trafficking refers to the movement of persons across borders for forced labor, sexual exploitation or other illicit activities. Sex trafficking is the most lucrative sector of human trafficking America, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Eastern Europe, and Russia. The global political economy, political corruption, human rights, gender and ethnic stratification, and migration are all related to human trafficking.
In many developing countries globalization has brought masses of wealth to the elite at the expense of the poor. Consequently, many women of the poorer classes leave their homeland in search of opportunities for employment. These women are disproportionately affected by poverty, lack of access to education, discrimination, racism, and lack of economic opportunities.
International migration is an important aspect of sex trafficking. Manuel Castells While migration has always been a part of human existence it now exists as a more profitable network. We are living in a networked society in which globalization
over and over. These are some reasons why human trafficking is the fastest growing and third largest criminal industry in the world (Polaris Project 2003).
Kevin Bales’ book, “Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy,” describes people in such conditions who endure modern forms of slavery, including sex slavery. The life narrative of a Thai girl named Siri, as told to Bales, illustrates how sex slavery happens to vulnerable girls and women. Siri was born in Thailand to a poor
farming family. Under the structural adjustment policies of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the Thai government has taken former government subsidies a...
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... Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. 187 -215.
Kyle, David, Rey Koslowski, ed. Global Human Smuggling : Comparative Perspectives Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
Polaris Project
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Truong, Thanh -Dan. “Serving the Tourist Market Female Labor in International Tourism.”Femin ism and Sexuality: A Reader. Ed. Stevi Jackson, Sue Scot. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Kotrla, K., & Wommack, B. A. (2011). Sex Trafficking of Minors in the U.S.: Implications for Policy, Prevention and Research. Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: Vol. 2 (Iss. 1), article 5.
Overall, many humans and animals were impacted severely, even killed from the Dust Bowl of the 1930’s. This included several cattle, sheep, horses, chickens, and many other farm animals. The crops and farms all suffered a great loss and the homes and the people that lived inside of them also suffered a great upheaval of their familiar lives. This ruined many people’s jobs and ways to make a living. All together, this was a very traumatic experience for all of the people involved.
Kara, Siddharth. Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery. New York: Columbia UP, 2009. 5. Print.
The Dust Bowl was a horrible time for the farmers that grew their crops and lived in the eastern part of the country. It lasted between 1930's and the 1940"s. The entire east was in a drought and in around 1931 it began moving west. It may not have been a very good time for the people who lived there, but its important to learn from our mistakes so we can keep these things from happening again.
Mohajerin, S. K. (2006). Human trafficking: Modern day slavery in the 21st century. Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 12(3), 125-132.
What was life like for the people in the dust bowl? People spent a decade of their life trying to survive in a drought, having to fight diseases, shoveling dust out of their homes, and watch as all their crops get blown away. Some residents thought it was the end of the world.
Sex trafficking is essentially systemic rape for profit. Force, fraud and coercion are used to control the victim’s behavior which may secure the appearance of consent to please the buyer (or john). Behind every transaction is violence or the threat of violence (Axtell par. 4). Just a decade ago, only a third of the countries studied by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime had legislation against human trafficking. (Darker Side, par.1) Women, children, and even men are taken from their homes, and off of the streets and are brought into a life that is almost impossible to get out of. This life is not one of choice, it is in most times by force. UNODC estimates that the total international human trafficking is a $32-billion-per-year business, and that 79% of this activity comprises sexual exploitation. As many as 2 million children a year are victims of commercial sexual exploitation, according the the U.S. State Department.-- Cynthia G. Wagner. (Darker Side, par. 4) The words prostitute, pimp, escort, and stripper tend to be way too common in the American everyday vocabulary. People use these words in a joking manner, but sex trafficking is far from a joke. Everyday, from all different countries, people are bought and sold either by force or false promises. Some are kidnapped and others come to America with dreams of a dream life and job. The buyers involved in the trade will do anything to purchase an innocent life just to sell for their own selfish profit. Many people wouldn’t think of a human body to be something you can buy in the back room of a business or even online. But those plus the streets are where people are sold most often. There are many reasons and causes for sex trafficking. The factors behind sex traffic...
Moving into the future projections for augmented reality usage in the mobile market is expected to increase in fact, “Mobile analyst Tomi Ahonen expects AR to be adopted by a billion users by 2020. Intel is betting that AR will be big.”
Augmented Reality (AR) is a real time direct or indirect view of the physical real world that is enhanced or augmented with computer generated information. AR is both interactive and registered in 3D, combining real and virtual objects. AR enhances a user’s perception of the real world and the way they interact with it. The augmented Reality’s main purpose is simplifying the user’s life, by bringing virtual information to their immediate surroundings through an indirect view of the real-world environment. Although augmented reality is like Virtual reality (VR), AR is an enhanced view of the real world, where VR is a pure virtual environment.
Sex trafficking is a form of contemporary slavery that induces and forces people into a commercial sex trade against their will. Many factors contribute to the sex trade and the exploitation occurs mostly to women and children. Through the age, gender, class, and race many are trapped in a never-ending cycle of coercion and abuse in order to survive in the corrupt society around them.
SCOTT, T. (1996). Virtual Reality: A Historical Perspective. Available: http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Tate.VR.html#2. Last accessed 8th January 2014.
The whole in Chapter 2 is a critical literature review. In this chapter, it discussed on the VR and types of VR. In addition, it also discussed on the AR area include components, display, issues, definition, differential VR and VR. This also covered that cognitive development theory, learning theory, and learing style. All reviews are followed with the implication for each topic to this study.
The term of virtual reality was found by Jaron Lanier a founder of VPL researcher at 1989.He is also known as an American writer, computer scientist and composer of classical music. Virtual reality is computer generated 3D environments which user can enter and interact with virtual environment by using of electronic devices such as keyboard, mouse, wired glasses, shutter glasses its involves real time simulation. “The user able to “immerse” themselves to varying degrees in the computer s artificial world which may either be a simulation reality” ( (Pont, 1995) .Virtual reality is for human to visualize with auditory and touch sensation. There are few types in virtual reality which are immersive virtual reality, argument virtual reality, desktop virtual reality and video mapping reality. Immersive virtual reality system make user feeling involvement in the virtual world and equipped with Head Mounted Display known as HMD. Another type is argument virtual reality .Argument virtual reality is integrate computer generated virtual objects into physical world. Furthermore, desktop virtual reality involves three dimensional (3D) on regular desktop without any tracking equipment like playing games. Lastly, video mapping virtual reality allows user interact with body like jumping, hand move with the virtual world. The often hardware are use in virtual reality which are Head Mounted Displays, glove, stereoscopic displays will make user feel of in virtual world when they use these hardware’s although they in real world. Technological development in virtual reality 3D help many area like education, medical, surgery, manufacture, military, architecture, entertainment, prototype and so on. It...
“Augmented Reality is a technology, a field of research, a vision of future computing, an emerging commercial industry and a new medium for creative expression.” (Becker, 2010)
Definition of virtual reality is "A technology that assures participants that he was actually in another place by replacing the main sensory input with data received by the computer" [6] [10]. One of the key elements of the virtual reality of cyberspace; it is a space fantasy or simulation environment. Which is always linked here is a virtual world and immersion virtual reality, perception is born into the world of alternatives such as ethereal or other point of view of our world