How to Perform Rhetorical Analysis
Becoming a critical reader means learning to recognize audiences, writers, points of view and purposes, and to evaluate arguments. In addition to the rhetorical triangle, structure of an argument, and rhetorical appeals, you should look at the following devices used by authors when performing critical analysis. Keep in mind too that these are only some of the devices, and that authors may use other rhetorical devices as well.
Word choice
Denotative language. Words that relate directly to the knowledge and experience of the audience. Includes specialized, precise or familiar words that speak to logic. Specialized terminology from medicine or law speaks to doctors or lawyers. Precise language that shuns emotional coloration appeals to people who use logic and reason, regardless of profession.
Connotative language: Words that relate to deeper, symbolic levels of meaning. It includes social meanings acquired through use and emotional associations. It can also reflect social, racial, political, or religious stereotypes. For example, a writer who refers to liberals as “bleeding hearts” communicates not only her or his own bias, but an expectation that the audience shares this bias.
Tone: can be characterized as the author’s attitude toward the reader or toward the topic.
Formal: Creates a distance between the writer and audience by removing most I’s and you’s, and by using elevated, specialized language. Formal tone suggests a serious, high-minded, probably well-educated audience.
Informal: Introduces the personal. When a writer is informal, the kinds of stories she relates, the way she presents herself, even the words she uses suggest audience attributes by indicating what she expects them to accept.
Irony: Points to discrepancies between what exists and what ought to be. It is a subtle tactic that assumes an audience of careful readers. It implies some sort of discrepancy or incongruity, and it counts on the readers’ ability to understand this discrepancy.
Sarcasm: Also points to discrepancies between what exists and what ought to be. A writer using sarcasm often attacks an argument by saying the opposite of what he means.
Humor: Tactic that plays on social group bias. When we laugh at something, we join with people who are of like minds to laugh at the other—the distorted, the unusual, or the exaggerated.
Point of View
Objective: the writer seems removed from what she writes about. Objective writing uses concrete, unemotional words that relate facts, events, and data. It leads readers to action by appealing to logos and ethos.
Dramatic irony: exists when the reader or viewer understands something that the character does not
In conclusion, both Hobbes and Locke theories were influential in politics. They both examined the “state of nature” of man without any government and that in this state that all men are equal. They also both believed that this created risk. Hobbes has a much more pessimistic view than Locke. (http://lifeexaminations.wordpress.com/2010/10/20/comparing-and-contrasting-locke-and-hobbes-state-of-nature/)
...nd, advocated for a representative democracy. This is reasonable as well, because the cooperative, social nature he attributed to human beings made it unnecessary to instill fear, and more effective to simply work together. It was necessary for Locke to find a way to organize this cooperation, which he did by entrusting executive power to a governing assembly. Since the aim of Locke’s government was to protect the property of its constituents, the best way to do this was to ensure that justice was brought through an indifferent, selfless and consistent system. Hobbes’ sovereign’s goal was to provide peace and security to its subjects, and Locke’s government was intended to do the same. Therefore, although it seems as though Hobbes’ and Locke’s arguments may be completely irreconcilable, the differences can all be attributed to the ways they interpreted human nature.
For Hobbes, the state of nature is equivalent to a state of war. Men place their individual safety above everything else, causing a natural tendency to distrust and fear others. Because of this, man’s primary instinct would be to protect himself, leading Hobbes to claim that man is innately ordered towards the individual. Therefore, in a Hobbesian world, every man fends for himself as “men have no pleasure in keeping company” (Hobbes 88). However, Locke’s description of the state of nature is slightly more complex. Locke claims that, initially, the state of nature is one of peace, goodwill, mutual assistance and preservation. To
This thus explains how Locke acknowledges that a State of War is still possible, as mutual assistance can easily alter into mutual destruction, due to mans overarching, innate desires. Locke later continues to reinforce how due to the absence of authority in the State of Nature, a State of War will continue since there is no possibility of man being able to appeal. It is here where one can identify a key contrast between the two modern thinkers; Hobbes urges the rational man to ‘escape’ the egotistical State of Nature in order to procure “the safety of his own Body” (394), and the fear attached with its disturbance. Nevertheless, Locke postulates that by having “One Body Politick under one Government” (332), where life, liberty and property are secure, is the only fathomable way to avoid a State of War, “To avoid this State of War […] where there is no Authority to decide between the Contenders […] is one great reason of Mens putting themselves into Society, and quitting the State of Nature” (Locke
Applicable Standard: ELAGSE7RI4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the
In conclusion, there are many different friends out there with many different characteristics. The few that were touched upon seem to pop out more than others. Everyone handles each situation differently, and personalities tend to mix well or clash, which is something to be conscious of when considering friendship. Friendship isn’t just calling someone a friend. Friendship is being there for another human being, learning from them, teaching them, supporting them, showing acts of kindness, and giving them a swift kick in the ass when needed. In the end it is a bond that is very hard if not impossible to break. Friends have different personalities, but being aware of who is chosen, and hanging on to someone you care about is important to have a healthy social life and relationships.
They both believed that there should be peace, but Hobbes had a few preferences. Locke defines political power as the right to make law for protection and regulation of property. He thinks that these laws are only accepted by people because they are for the public good. Lock also thinks that all men are in original state of nature. A man in this original state is bound by the laws of nature, but otherwise he can do whatever he wants with his possessions. Human beings have an obligation to protect each other’s interests since they are all God’s children, and they are all the same in his eyes. But there is also the obligation to punish the ones that go against God’s will. The people can be punished by compromising their life, liberty, and possessions. He summarizes the differences between the state of nature and the state of war. In the state of nature people live together, governed, but without need of common superior. He states that there is a difference between the war of society and the war of nature.In society war ends with an act of force, while in nature the war isn’t over until the aggressive party offers peace.
Having provided simplified premises and conclusions of the two accounts of the state of nature, this portion of the paper is dedicated to further evaluating other specifics of each thinker. I argue that inhabitants in a Lockean state of nature enjoy greater individual security and protection in comparison to Hobbes’s account through assessing
the speaker's meaning is far from the usual meaning. For example, Sally rushes all. morning to get to the parking lot early, only to find her space taken, she then exclaims,"This is exactly why I rushed, just so I can hunt for an empty space. " We understand that she is not happy, and that her meaning is not literal. A form of verbal irony is sarcasm, this is when the statement made is ironic, but it is bitter, coarse, and vulgar.
· Point of view: The opinion or purpose of the author is to create inside us a brainstorm, because he doesn't give a direct opinion of the story or situation. · Diction: It is simple to the reader understanding. The author used an appropriate language for the time the story develop the plot or the action. · Narrative techniques: He uses narration and dialogue. The author makes use of the irony and the suspense.
The nature of the raw materials and the operational conditions used during anaerobic digestion, determine the chemical composition of the biogas. Raw biogas consists mainly of methane (CH4, 40–75%) and carbon dioxide (CO2, 15–60%). Trace amounts of other components such as water (H2O, 5–10%), hydrogen sulphide (H2S, 0.005–2%), siloxanes (0–0.02%), halogenated hydrocarbons (VOC, < 0.6%), ammonia (NH3, <1%), oxygen (O2, 0–1%), carbon monoxide (CO, <0.6%) and nitrogen (N2, 0–2%) can be present depending upon the type of feedstock being digested.
A good friend has to be loyal and trust worthy. You can't live your life afraid that the person that you trust the most is going to betray you. I think in the beginning of each friendship you should test your friend's loyalty. You should never tell them too much of yourself too soon and have high expectations. When they have proven to you that they have a good heart and don't mean malice to you, then you should hold them close to your heart. It is a strong feeling of sanctuary to know that the person you call at night to spill your life to will never tell a soul. It is not good to keep things inside all the time and sometimes you need someone to share your feelings with. At other times you want someone to listen to your daily life and go through the same trials of events that happen to you; however, your friends can give you an objective point of view.
Biogas produced through the different organic material such as agriculture residues, animal manure, and municipal organic waste etc. if this organic matter is not properly treated, it can be caused by GHG emission. In Pakistan, there is not properly system for collecting the urban organic waste due to lack of capital and transport facilities which is a big threat to the local and global environment. Natural
The project investigates the health, environmental, cultural and economic impacts of anaerobic digestion in developing countries. The paper presents an overview of biogas production, biogas composition, biogas applications and finally the health, environmental, cultural, and economic impacts of biogas in developing countries.