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What is the advantage of a switch over a network bridge
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1. Both Bridges and Switches work on the data link layer of the OSI Model. However, switches are more advanced. Discuss how a switch has an advantage over a bridge in a network then elaborate more on the technology implemented in switches to control broadcast domains (500 words). [25 marks] There are many reasons why switchers are used instead of bridges. The switchers nowadays are more effective than a bridge when are used in a network. Bridges, also known as transparent bridges, work in the Layer number 2 of the OSI model. This means that bridges have the ability to forward the data according to the destination address found in the packet. The destination address from the data packet, is also known as MAC address. This physical address is hard coded into the network adapter card, which means that MAC address is unique for every computer. Usually, bridges are used only on small networks, or in case where a repeater should be used. Often switchers are used instead of bridges because offer solution that perform better and create fewer problems. Switches are similar with bridges, but usually contain multiple ports. The packet that comes through a switch is read to decide for which node the data was send to. In this way, the efficiency is that packets are sent only to the computers that require them. Collisions along the way are reduced significantly using switchers instead of bridges in networks. Switchers have the ability to create VLANSs (Virtual LAN). According to (Pintello, 2013) A VLAN refers to a group if hosts that share a common set of requirements for communication and are grouped together via Layer 2 of the OSI Model. VLANs are also used to make networks more secure. Switches form one-to-one connections between a... ... middle of paper ... ... In this way, it is easy to switch an algorithm without being necessary to modify the protocol. In conclusion, to select the right VPN-solution for different environments can be a big challenge. Deciding which VPN-solution fit into a specific network can be difficult. The most important is to know the limitations and the differences of every protocol used in this purpose. References Forouzan, B. A. (2013). Data Communications and Networking. Connect Learn Succeed. Hallberg, B. A. (2013). Networking A Beginner's Guide. McGraw Hill. Lonvick, Y. &. (2006, 01). SSH Protocol Architecture. Retrieved from IETF: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4251.txt Nieminen, M. (2006, 07). SearchSecurity. Retrieved from Techtarget: http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/Transport-Layer-Security-TLS Pintello, T. (2013). Introduction to Networking with Network+. Wiley.
When controlling communications of multiple devices are outlined on defined procedures. Arbitration structures are essential in the control of the bus communications in the presence of multiple devices.
“The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is an older network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them.”
Since it would be easier and less expensive to build a bridge rather than a tunnel, a bridge was initially thought to be a better solution. However, to construct a bridge over the Hudson River it would require a minimum clearance of 200 ft. for ships to travel to and from Hudson River ports. Since the Manhattan side of the Hudson did not meet the 200-foot elevation requirement needed for a bridge, new and expensive apparatuses would have to be built on the New York side. Also, a bridge would be affected by poor weather conditions more than a tunnel. In 1913, the joint coalition finally decided to construct a tunnel.2
Wireless networks – While the term wireless network may technically be used to refer to any type of network that is wireless, the term is most commonly used to refer to a telecommunications network whose interconnection between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network. Wireless telecommunication networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or “layer” network.
In the novel Monkey Bridge, written by Lan Cao, there is the protagonist and her mother who are refugees in the United States fleeing the war in Vietnam. Mai was brought up on American land at a young age and adjusted to the culture at ease, whereas her mother suffered from nightmares of her past in Vietnam. However, both characters still need to adjust to the new world of the United States. In order to achieve cultural assimilation, a “bridge” is required to help connect the two different ideologies. This concept can be found when Uncle Michael discusses Baba Quan with Mai. Uncle Michael explains how one day he and his troops were lost in Ba Xuyen, and were “tense” (112) crossing a field blanketed with dense fog which led through landmine
It also provide MAC addresses. Every MAC address is unique and it belongs to that particular device. The data link layer is responsible for the means to send out data over the physical layer (Tetz, 2011). Without the data link layer of the OSI devices would not have this unique address that identifies them, as well as not having a means to send out data of the physical layer. The Physical and Data Link layer walk hand in hand in the OSI Model and cannot work without the other.
Truss bridges can be built three different ways—as a pony bridge, through bridge, or deck bridge. A pony bridge, or a bridge in which the bracing is only on the sides and on top of the deck, are most often used when having a lighter load as there
Roads, bridges and tunnels are objects that make transportation easier for those that own a car or use public transit. These things allow individuals to travel further for work and other important tasks. Before cars and highways, a trip that would only take an hour, could take an entire day. These innovations also connect many communities together that would not otherwise be accessible to one
Switches operate within the OSI’s layer 2. This is known as the data link layer. The data link layer is responsible for the transfer of data frames from node to node across OSI’s layer one, the physical layer. This allows layers in the upper levels to have transmissions with error checking processes. The data link layer has several responsibilities of its function in the OSI model. The first is link establishment and termination which is where, between two separate nodes, it establishes and terminates the links that connect the two. Layer two also provides traffic control for the frames in transmission.
Spanning tree protocol is a protocol that prevents loops that are not wanted in a network. In order for a network to work properly it has to have only one active path between two network stations. If there are multiple active paths between stations loops can and will occur. When loops occur, there can sometimes be duplicate messages in the network. The loops are created by the network and if the devices that connect the network segments are all configured to forward, they will continuously forward frames into an endless network loop. If there are enough loops going then a frame will not reach its destination. The reason duplicate messages occur is because sometimes switches will see situations appear on both sides of it. When this occurs that is when spanning tree protocol comes in. In order to shut down the loops bridges and switches exchange BPDU messages with other bridges and switches to detect loops and then remove them by shutting down selected bridge interfaces. BPDU is short for bridge protocol data unit. Bridge protocol data units are part of the spanning tree protocol and they help describe and identify the parts of a switch port. The bridge protocol data unit allows switches to obtain information about each other. All the switches gather information from each other by exchanging data messages. In order for them to exchange messages they have to elect a root switch for the topology. The root switch has to be unique. The way they elect they have to have a unique switch for every local area network segment. To exchange messages they have to remove all loops by putting them in a backup state. Now to talk about states there is 5 different states. Two of the five states do not participate in frame forwarding. Frame forwarding is what the three main states do. The three main states are listening, learning, and forwarding. The other 2 are blocking state and disabled state. When you enable the spanning tree protocol the network goes through the blocking state and then the listening state and learning state are enabled after being turned on. If the protocol is properly configured the ports are stabilized to the forwarding or blocking state. The blocking state does not participate in the frame forwarding. It removes frames that are received from the attached segment. It also discards frames from another port for forwarding.
Switches use ports and sends information to a physical device address via these ports. They only send information to the particular computer that has the specific address and not to all of the computers.
Although VPN is very popular in the market for networking technology, it may raise some concerns for IT managers. VPN requires an in-depth understanding of public network security issues and proper deployment precautions. The task of choosing and deploying a VPN solution is far from being simple and may require the training of workers in at least the basics...
Troubleshooting media problems on a bus networks can be very tedious, since a break in the backbone will bring down the entire LAN. For this reason, bus topology is not considered one of the more robust network topologies, compared with star or mesh. A loose or missing terminating resistor can also bring down a LAN.
There are several advantages to the layered approach provided by the OSI model. With the design separated into smaller logical pieces, network design problems can be easier to solve through divide and conquer techniques. Vendors who follow the model will produce equipment that is much more likely to be compatible with equipment from other vendors. The OSI model also provides for more extensible network designs. New protocols and other network services are more easier added to a layered architect.