How Koalas Live
Koalas live in complex social groups and contrary to popular opinion,
they are not migratory animals. Koalas are highly territorial and in
stable breeding groups, individual members of koala society maintain
their own "home range" areas.
In this example , 'Arnie' is the dominant male, and his home range,
the largest at 1km x 300-400m, and 33 hectares in area, overlaps the
home ranges of both males and females. Arnie regularly traverses the
area of his home range in a single night during the breeding season.
This is a socially secure, stable population.The females are breeding,
and most have a weaned juvenile in the vicinity and another pouch
young.
The home range of each animal fits together like a jigsaw. This
illustrates that the habitat supporting this population is ideal for
its survival. However, if the available habitat were to be reduced in
any way, the potential for survival of each individual would also be
reduced.
A 'home range' consists of a number of 'home range trees' and 'food
trees' which comprise the long-term territory of the individual koala.
These trees provide the koala with food, shelter and places for social
contact which will support it for the term of its natural life
(assuming there is no habitat clearing).
Within a socially stable group, the home ranges of individual koalas
overlap with those of their neighbours. It is in the shared,
overlapping trees that the majority of social interaction takes place.
These are very important trees.
A home range varies in size depending on the habitat quality of
bushland. Habitat quality can be measured in terms of the density of
key food trees. "Home range trees" define the boundaries of the
individual koala's home range and can be likened to surveyors pegs
marking the extent of a property. They are not always apparent to the
human eye, but koalas can tell whether a tree 'belongs' to another
koala or not.
Even after a koala has died, other koalas usually won't move into the
Koalas are arboreal mammals, meaning that they live in trees. They live in eucalyptus trees and feed on their leaves, which are poisonous to most animals. A koala’s home is decided by two main factors: the presence of other koalas and eucalyptus trees. They can eat other tree leaves, but that usually occurs only when eucalyptus leaves are absent (Crawford n.d.).
...ing", many habitats are preserved and even if a tree is cut, there are others in the area that are available for animals to inhabit.
The housing of the Batek is quite simple and consists of a camp-like structure, with each camp consisting of about five to six nuclear families. Thus, nuclear families consist of a father, a mother, and their children. Their economic organization is based on hunting, gathering and collecting forest products for trade, although hunting is the primary mode of subsistence. Due to the theory of equality both men and women in this society produce and share food. The responsibilities of the women is to daily gather vegetable food while the men concentrate on hunting game, although, roles can be reversed. The equal contributions of each person to the food- supply are considered equally important. No rules are set for separating the activities of the sexes in hunting and gathering food, once the plant resources are depleted, they move to another area within their habitat in order to survive and live.
The Battle of Kokoda was a four-month struggle which began with the Japanese landing in Papua in July 1942. Approximately 625 Australians were killed fighting along the Trail, while at least 16 000 were wounded and more than 4000 suffered from serious illnesses. The experience of Australian soldiers during the Kokoda in World War II affected people around the world and in Australia. As Kokoda was a turning point in Australia’s history and boosted Australia’s national identity. The battle was fought extremely well through the unbearable conditions. Port Mosby prevented Japan from invading Papua New Guinea as the soldiers held a strong position. Through this the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angles travelled through the Kokoda trail to receive wounded soldiers
Elizabeth Cashdan addresses the question of territoriality among human forager groups, specifically comparing four Bushman groups. She argues that territoriality should occur only in places where the benefits will outweigh the costs. Introducing the scientific definition of territoriality in animals, she first claims that animals tend to be the most territorial when they have adequate food and other resources. It is when there is a severe lack of or abundance of resources that animals are not territorial. With a lack of food, territoriality tends to waste too much energy. In the case of an abundance of food, it is not worth defending that which is plentiful for animals. She points out predictability as another environmental factor: if a resource is unpredictable, then it is not economical to defend it. It is only worthwhile to defend a territory if there is high probability that the resources will still be available when they are wanted. However, the costs and benefits of being territorial not only depend on the environment, but also on the species and its characteristics.
First, the kukui tree is one that can be easily recognized due to its unique physical characteristics. Simply based on its size, the tree can grow up to 80 feet with trunks that are three feet in diameter. Also, the tree stands out very much because of its silver-green colored leaves that darken with age (World Agroforestry). These characteristics of size and color are very distinguishable from a distance but that is not all that the tree has to offer. The nuts hidden within the leaves only grow up to around two inches in diameter but are still distinguishable. Also, the tree contains small bunches of flowers but these are harder to notice (World Agroforestry). These features attribute to the plant’s appearance but more importantly serve some adaptive purpose.
Anubis baboons live in large, multimale, multifemale troops, with high degrees of polygamy and aggression. In contrast, hamadryas baboons have a multilevel social system; during sometimes of the day hundreds of animals share a limited resource (e.g., cliffs used for sleeping), while at other times males herd young females into their groups, forcibly retaining them in stable “harems.” When Kummer moved a female Anubis into a hamadryas group and a female hamadryas into an Anubis troop, within hours the Anubis female had assimilated the hamadryas social style, following a male who had herded her into his harem. This is attributed to use of physical force by dominant male. However, this could not explain the fact that within hours the hamadryas female had ceased attempting to align herself with (and be herded by) an adult male and adopted the more open Anubis system (Kummer
Although the assessment displayed many threats, this project will address only one causal chain: of the inefficiency of co-management agreement in the park. The contributing factors for this direct threat are first, the lack of revision of the agreement since 1991. The last stage of the co-management agreement inside of Kakadu National park was signed 27 years ago. Although this co-management agreement has been through different stages and revisions, very important aspects of the context have changed since then. It is proposed in this project that a revision is needed to assure that the agreement has both benefits for traditional owners and to wildlife in the park. Secondly, currently, there are conflicting agendas and conflicting definitions of the problem within the participants. This has created for different programs and policies to be created, often in conflict with one another. For example, wide-range poisoning of quolls by traps to kill dingoes implemented by one agency that seeks to exterminate invasive species (such as wild dogs/dingoes). Another example of what different problem definitions can create is the foxes example. An agency can see foxes as the main issue, and the solution is to target foxes with poisoning bait. What happens, then, is numbers of feral cats and rabbits, which are also hunted by foxes, tend to boom once the foxes are gone. So, small marsupials (i.e. quolls) will still be hunted – only by cats instead – and the rabbits will wreak havoc in the landscape, depriving native animals of food and shelter. This connects to the third contributing factor, the multiplicity of agencies, and lack of exchange between them. Because Australia works under the frame of a decentralized government, many agencies and organizations do not communicate with each other or are held accountable. This then creates a very complex social process, which then creates a very
The central place theory is used to describe animals that collect food and store it in a fixed location in their home range, the central place (Jenkins 1980). The factors associated with the optimal foraging theory also apply to the central place theory. The central place theory predicts that retrieval costs increase linearly with distance of the resource from the central place (Rockwood and Hubbell 1987). Central place
The last line of defence, that’s what we were. Untrained, unknown and unrecognised until this time. The battle on the Kokoda trail was the worst experience of my life. Day by day there was nothing left in my body; the only thing that kept me going was the urge to make it back successfully. We didn’t know much about the Japenese, just that they were highly trained and outnumbered us severely...that’s all that really mattered anyway.
Greetings, fellow readers. I am Cora, a cougar. To whoever has found this paper, you are in for a treat. The contents of this paper will describe the ecosystem in which I reside, the deciduous forest. While reading this paper, you will learn about the wonderful weather that we receive, the beautiful exotic animals that reside her along with me, and the food web.
Koko is a very special gorilla. She can really communicate with humans using her hands. She was the very first gorilla to learn and understand American Sign Language.
During my one year assignment on Antarctica the three things that I would bring with me would be: a computer
Zoo animals are usually kept in very cramped enclosures and do not behave like their wild counterparts. Polar bears, for example, are given about 10 metres of walking space whereas in their Arctic home they roam for many hundreds of kilometres. Similarly, primates, big cats and birds are often confined in cages where they lack exercise and stimulation. Many animals develop unnatural habits such as pacing back and forth or swaying from side to side.
Trees are usually considered as bland, unusual objects that are usually taken for granted; however, I believe there is more to a tree that meets the eye. They supply oxygen and shade. During the holidays, trees are able to spread holiday cheer by wearing holiday decorations. Through providing, they are always beneficial to the needs of others. Rather than having striking beauty like a flower, trees have are grounded and possess a gentle beauty; they are adapted wildflowers to their environment. In fact, if I had to compare myself to an inanimate object, I would choose a tree. A tree has many characteristics in common with me. Characteristics like relying on our roots, strength and observation, and helping others and leaving behind a powerful legacy are a few of the traits we share. All of which I believe are admirable qualities to possess.