How Does John Williams Use Leitmotifs

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The famous Star Wars is a movie from the epic space film series directed by George Lucas premiered in 1977. Since there are multiple Star Wars movies in the series, this paper will be focusing on the first movie of the series called Star Wars: A New Hope.
In this film, John Williams revived the technique of using leitmotif –a recurring musical theme or melody associated with a particular person, place, object, or idea that is “characterized by a single harmonic or rhythmic trait” (Brown 15). In films, leitmotifs are melodies or musical phrases inserted into a specific character’s music background specified. It was originally developed by Richard Wagner and commonly used in his¬¬ operas during the Golden Age. These are used by film music composers …show more content…

It symbolizes the coming-of-age theme as the main focus. Williams composed this leitmotif for Luke Skywalker to reflect his own interpretation of the character’s “brassy, bold, masculine, and noble qualities” (Lerner 99). Most composers connote masculinity through the use of “the martial duple rhythms, the trumpet timbres for the melody and the leaping, disjunct quality of the melody’s shape”. This technique is a very effective way of portraying masculinity in the audience’s observation because it could be compared to other masculine music, found in other forms such as military marches. Even though his leitmotif initiated the movie showing his character’s importance, the leitmotif suddenly decline to a more subtle level as it becomes the most developed theme in the film. For example, when Luke Skywalker surfaced in his first scene in Tatooine—his home, the melody is “carried by French horns, the tempo dropped to a slower speed and rhythmically smoother” which portrays the quality of innocence (Rooney). As his journey goes on, his leitmotif is heard in different forms as it continues to develop. Later on, the same feeling from the opening theme is reverted back when Skywalker rescued and kissed Princess Leia as they escape from the Imperial troopers. In this scene, the melody changes back to the use of trumpets that portrays a triumphant tone in which Skywalker’s true …show more content…

Darth Vader’s leitmotif is known as “The Imperial March”. ¬¬¬In contrast to Skywalker’s theme, the Imperial March appears to be more “rigid, ponderous, and above all unnatural” (Buhler 48). Williams portrayed the “evil” characters—the antagonists (e.g. Darth Vader)—through the use of “shifting tonality and chromaticism”. Because of the abundant use of tonic chords, the theme cannot be developed which contrasts Skywalker’s theme. Throughout several scenes with the appearance of the Empire or Darth Vader, the leitmotif remains the same which shows no progress or development within the characters whatsoever. This suggests the Empire’s incapability of improvement or destiny for either ultimate success or ultimate failure. However, this rigid quality is only a part of Darth Vader’s leitmotif. His musical characterization also relies on sound effects, and his breathing and mechanical speech (Rooney). In a way, the use of sound effects highlights Darth Vader’s estrangement with the other characters in the film. Additionally, James Buhler—a professor of music theory—states how Darth Vader’s character is emphasized through the use of technology: “what is frightening about Vader is the way everything that is organic and human about him is masked by technology without completely destroying the sense that something is alive in there” (Buhler 41). Therefore, Darth

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