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European imperialism on india
Positive and negative trade with native americans
War between native americans and white
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Trade was a major influence that came upon the Native American society. The Indians became dependent on fur trading, and they served as important trading partners to European Immigrants. By the 1700’s, the flow of trading goods steadily increased. This dramatically affected the natives lives by making them less self-sufficient. By 1750, almost every Indian man had a rifle or musket, and many Indian women relied on metal cooking pots and other utensils. Most of the Indians wore European made wool clothing, instead of leather or fur. The fur trading also affected Indian culture because as it grew more important, the Indians changed their ways of hunting and living so that they could focus on hunting the animals with valuable pelts, like beavers …show more content…
One way that the Natives resisted Europeans who tried to take their land was by fighting back. Many battles, generally known as “Indian Wars”, were fought over land. Some of these battles included, The Pequot War, and King Phillip’s War. King Phillip’s war began in 1675. During this war, a Native tribe, known as the Wampanoags, rose up to resist English invasions into their lands. “For three years, the natives, well organized and armed with guns, terrorized a sting of Massachusetts towns, destroying twenty of them and causing the deaths of as many as a thousand people” (American History, page 48). The Pequot War, was the first major conflict between the Natives and the Europeans. War broke out in 1637, because of friction over land. “English settlers allied with the Mohegan and Narragansett Indians (who were also rivals of the Pequots). The greatest savagery in the conflict was the work of the English” (American History, page 48). They set their stronghold on fire and killed hundreds of Indians inside. Those who survived were hunted down, captured, and sold as slaves. The Pequot tribe was almost completely wiped out after this battle. The Europeans won both of these battles, but it did not end the tension. There were other indian tribes who could attack English
In 1675, tensions between Native Americans and colonists residing in New England erupted into the brutal conflict that has come to be known as King Philip's War, the bloodiest battle in America history, in proportion to population it was also the deadliest war in American history. The English colonists wished to rid the country of the Indians in order to seize their land. They believed the Indians were savages and therefore were not worthy of equal rights.
1675-76, the most devastating war between the colonists and the Native Americans in New England. The war is named for King Philip, the son of Massasoit and chief of the Wampanoag. His Wampanoag name was Metacom, Metacomet, or Pometacom. Upon the death (1662) of his brother, Alexander (Wamsutta), whom the Native Americans suspected the English of murdering, Philip became sachem and maintained peace with the colonists for a number of years. Hostility eventually developed over the steady succession of land sales forced on the Native Americans by their growing dependence on English goods. Suspicious of Philip, the English colonists in 1671 questioned and fined him and demanded that the Wampanoag surrender their arms, which they did. In 1675 a Christian Native American who had been acting as an informer to the English was murdered, probably at Philip's instigation. Three Wampanoags were tried for the murder and executed. Incensed by this act, the Native Americans in June, 1675, made a sudden raid on the border settlement of Swansea. Other raids followed; towns were burned and many whites-men, women, and children-were slain. Unable to draw the Native Americans into a major battle, the colonists resorted to similar methods of warfare in retaliation and antagonized other tribes. The Wampanoag were joined by the Nipmuck and by the Narragansett (after the latter were attacked by the colonists), and soon all the New England colonies were involved in the war. Philip's cause began to decline after he made a long journey west in an unsuccessful attempt to secure aid from the Mohawk. In 1676 the Narragansett were completely defeated and their chief, Canonchet, was killed in April of that year; the Wampanoag and Nipmuck were gradually subdued. Philip's wife and son were captured, and he was killed (Aug., 1676) by a Native American in the service of Capt.
In Jamestown, the settlers had to deal with the Powhatan Indians. The relationships with them were unstable. John Smith, whom was the leader of Jamestown, was captured by these Indians while he was on a little trip with some of his men. As he left two of his men, he came back to find them dead and himself surrounded by two hundred members of the tribe, finding himself being captured. “Six or seven weeks those barbarians kept him prisoner…” 87). After this event, the relationship only grew worse and there was constant fighting between the settlers and Indians. The Indians practiced many methods in capturing settlers such as “scalping” and other dreadful techniques. The settlers did many negative practices also which is the reason they fought so many wars and battles against each other. Later on, the Indians killed the English for their weapons that were rare to them. In contrast to the Plymouth colony, these settlers dealt with the Pequot Indians and the relations were much more peaceful for a certain time frame. At one point, one Indian was brave enough to approach them and spoke to them (in broken English). He taught them the ways of the land, and developed a peace with the man. The settlers from the Plymouth colony learned many ways to grow food from these Indians. “He directed them how to set their corn, where to take fish and to procure other commodities, and was also their
In the book “Commerce by a Frozen Sea: Native Americans and the European Fur trade”, authors Ann M. Carlos and Frank D. Lewis explore the social and economic behavior of the parties involved in the fur trade. The authors study how the Hudson’s Bay Company evolved, how native Indians behaved as consumers and the decline of Beaver hunting and industrialization. In chapter 3 of the book, the authors talk about how Indians were a replica of modern consumers who base their purchasing decisions on price, quality, quantity, availability of substitutes and finally their willingness to trade-off their leisure for more consumption goods. The authors analyze the use of alcohols in gift ceremonies to mark the opening of trade. They state that gifts were a mere gesture by the companies who aimed to transfer some of the overplus to the natives. Although they wished to get more trade in the particular good given as gift, it was seen from the data that gifts did not have any impact on increase in consumption pattern of a particular
Native Americans benefited the Europeans’ goods by having advance items that made their life stable. The ‘advance items’ are the items Europeans traded such as: scissors, metal knives,
Beginning in the 1860s and lasting until the late 1780s, government policy towards Native Americans was aggressive and expressed zero tolerance for their presence in the West. In the last 1850s, tribal leaders and Americans were briefly able to compromise on living situations and land arrangements. Noncompliance by Americans, however, resumed conflict. The beginning of what would be called the "Indian Wars" started in Minnesota in 1862. Sioux, angered by the loss of much of their land, killed 5 white Americans. What resulted was over 1,000 deaths, of white and Native Americans. From that point on, American policy was to force Indians off of their land. American troops would force Indian tribe leaders to accept treaties taking their land from them. Protests or resistance by the Indians would result in fighting. On occasion, military troops would even lash out against peaceful Indians. Their aggression became out of control.
When the English set their sights on the colonization of the New World, they expected to be arriving in a vast wilderness, untouched by any man. They were quite surprised to discover that there were, in fact, many tribes of people spread throughout the “new” land. At first, these Natives were not a problem. They were actually a blessing to the English settlers. However, within a few years the relationship between the British and the Native Americans started to sour, turning from friendliness and a certain degree of codependence to suspicion, until all-out warfare eventually broke out between the two peoples.
Native Americans in the early 1600’s found themselves grappling with a plethora of perspectives from the incoming settlers. From John Smith, to Robert William, and Mary Rowlandson, each delivered a unique perspective on Indian culture and where they belonged in the new society.
The Pequot War was a conflict between the Pequot tribe and the English colonists which occurred in the 1600’s. Throughout the course of the war the Pequot tribe lost about seven hundred members either by casualty or they were taken into captivity and sold into slavery. The Pequot worked forcefully to extend their area of control over several of the other tribes in the region. This created a large amount of tension between the tribes-the tribe intended for political dominance and control of the European fur trade. A harsh smallpox epidemic ravaged the tribal community over the previous three decades which greatly reduced the population due to lack of immunity to the disease. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pequot_War)
King Philip's war was the most destructive conflict in American history, compared to the sizes of the populations involved. The New England colonists lost five percent of their population, while the Native Americans lost nearly forty percent of their populations. The war was the culmination of the tensions that had been building between the Native Americans and the English settlers since their first encounters during the establishment of Plymouth Plantation. The Natives were losing their traditional ways of life, and were becoming more and more dependent on English goods. They were constrained by the land deals that they had made, and were running out of land and resources. The conflict was ignited by the deaths of two prominent Natives at
From around 1500 to 1700, the European people were constantly trying to confiscate the American lands, which left the Native Americans feeling ambushed. The Native Americans were caught off guard because for the longest time they saw the land as if no one owned it, and it was there for everyone to use. Native Americans were more into sharing the land, whereas the Europeans were just there to buy it and capture it from them. The four main groups that captured the lands from the Natives were the Spanish, Virginians, New Englanders, and Pennsylvania. Although some people had conflicts with the Native Americans, each group had a different interaction with them, some of them leading into honorable relationships.
One example is the calumet ceremony, where European and Indian leaders shared a symbolic pipe to solidify their friendship and alliance. Their culture began to change once they began the accepting of newer European technologies into their society, these items included the growth from stone products to metal goods. The adaptation of many European trade goods was often intentionally modified to mimic tools and ornaments of native manufacture, representing a selective incorporation of European material culture into native technology, the ability of the local tribes to make skillful use of these metals and glass traded to them and to make tools from the breaking down of the weapons traded to them also allowed them better acceptance of European goods. The manipulation of trade goods could also have been social: a conscious effort to resist new technologies or to resist European alteration of the traditional economy. The growth and expansion of the Europeans would have an everlasting effect on the Native American culture. By 1650, Indian populations in the hemisphere had been reduced by about 90 percent, while by 1750 European numbers were not yet substantial and settlement had only begun to expand. As a result, fields had been abandoned, while
Fur producing animals such as beavers, rabbits, sable, matten, and deer found in North America were used to produce fur and sold in European countries at quadrupled price. Not a lot of European traders were involved in trapping or hunting fur bearing animals, they bought the skin or furs from Indians and Native Americans that had hunted them in North America. In return for this trading activity Europeans introduced the Native Americans to alcohol, tobacco, guns, gunpowder, and other destructive goods that the Asians did not find attractive (Robert Strayer and Eric Nelson 2016). Hunting of these fur bearing animals lead to relocation and extinction these animals. Animals such as deer, beaver and many others moved deep into the forest to avoid being hunted. Fur prices varied with the weather, so during the cold seasons Europeans increased the prices of their fur. The disadvantage that came wit fur trade between the Europeans and Americans was that the American were exposed to the European diseases and they did not have access to medicine, the deaths that occurred from the diseases decrease the population of Native Americans (Robert Strayer and Eric Nelson 2016). Fur trade also led to the Native Americans to take advantage of the opportunity to rely more on European goods because they could not produce those goods. The Native Americans got along with the Europeans as some of them got
The fur trade has diminished, and in many states, it is now illegal to trap and kill animals for their fur. It is a very controversial issue today, but many of our ancestors trapped and traded furs to make a living. Today, instead of hunting and trapping, many animals are raised on farms then their pelts are harvested. Animal rights organizations oppose the fur trade, complaining that animals are brutally killed. Synthetic fur imitations are now often used. The beaver pelt trade in the 1700’s was responsible for the development of Canada. The abundance of beaver in the Rupert Area, which is around the Great Lakes, was the perfect area to set up the beaver trade. European traders worked with aboriginal people to trade their
When the Europeans made contact things started to change tremendously for American Indian tribes. The Europeans brought with them something that the indians could not fight against: disease. These diseases were called Smallpox, influenza, and measles. Unlike the Europeans the Natives Americans had no immunity to fight off these diseases. Soon these diseases started to spread killing 90% of the Indian population. In addition, to diseases the Indians soon began to adapt and depend on the Europeans. The Indians became interested in the things that the colonist could provide and used new materials and products everyday. Their desire for European goods changed the ancient trading patters and soon their simple hunting for food became less important