How Did Religion Influence The Spread Of Islam Ap Euro

Ch.16 Outline: Religion and Science, 1450-1750

• The Globalization of Christianity o Christianity largely limited to Europe o In 1500, Christianity's range was from Spain to Russia, with other regions in Africa and Southeast Asia o Multiple forms of Christianity existed, but they all were very much against Islam o Many Europeans cities fell to Islam in the 1300s and 1500s

• Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation o In the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation dissolved the unity of the Roman Catholicism o It began in 1517 when Martin Luther posted the 95 Theses on a church door o Instead of complaining about the luxurious life of the popes, Luther readdressed the way of salvation through faith o He received this idea

• Science as Cultural Revolution o The Scientific Revolution challenged the Church’s view on the universe o Nicolaus Copernicus was the one who argued that the sun was in the middle and the earth was revolving in the middle o Johannes Kepler showed the planets orbited elliptically o Galileo Galilei saw sunspots on the sun which disproved that heavenly bodies had no blemishes o Scientists discovered that their planet was a speck in the universe o Sir Isaac Newton created the laws of motion and mechanics o He also noted that each body was pulled by gravity which also undermined the idea that heavenly bodies were separate o This revelation showed that the universe was more like a machine rather than supernatural o The dissection of humans allowed scientists to understand more about the body and the “mysterious” heart o However, many scientists stayed with Christianity and revealed the compatibility between science and religion

• Science and Enlightenment o Scientific Revolution spread to the public during the eighteenth century o It spread through printing and books o The new approach to knowledge was also applied to human affairs such as economy o People also thought that society would reach enlightenment after learning the