During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, trade connected kingdoms and empires all around the Europe, Asia, and Africa. Along with the exchange of products and materials also came the exchange of different cultures throughout the world. One of the ways that culture spreads is through art. As trade increased, artistic styles and motifs of a certain culture inspired those of another. Apparent artistic influences are an important tool that has been used to identify interaction between specific cultures. These interactions include that of the Ottoman Empire with places such as China, Persia, and Europe through art and trade. The Ottoman Empire was a power that controlled much of Northern Africa, Southeastern Europe, and Western Asia in its prime. …show more content…
By the time the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453, the Byzantine Empire had collapsed completely. The Hagia Sophia was originally constructed as a Byzantine church but was used as a mosque during the time of the Ottomans. This change occurred when Constantinople fell to invading Ottoman forces. “Interior of Hagia Sophia,” an image found in Constantinople by Talbot Rice, depicts the inside hall of the impressive structure. It shows the building’s huge domes, decorated pillars, many light fixtures, and plates containing Arabic phrases. The domes and structure were especially inspirational to the Ottomans. According to Rachel Milstein, author and Doctor of Philosophy, “Following the conquest, with the church of Hagia Sophia in close sight, the central domes grew larger and higher and covered a more unified internal space” (Milstein). The Hagia Sophia inspired the Ottomans to build bigger and better domes for their mosques. They wanted to improve the architecture of the city and show that they were the most technically and artistically advanced. Byzantine architecture had a major influence on that of the Ottomans, encouraging the latter to improve and expand on existing concepts and designs. Without the Hagia Sophia, the structures of the past would be far less grand. This kind of cultural crossover drives innovation in the way of …show more content…
Ottoman mosques were “usually of stone and incorporate a variety of reused Byzantine materials; the interiors are richly decorated with frescoes and ceramic tiles... The other buildings of the mosque complex, following the Byzantine tradition, are constructed in alternative courses of stone and brick, with brick decoration” (Milstein). The Ottomans utilised the materials the Byzantines used to construct large buildings. Buildings of the mosque complexes were even constructed with the same design of alternating material. One example of Ottoman architecture that was influenced by the Byzantines is “the splendid mosque built by Sinan for Sultan Süleyman in 1550-1557. The longitudinal hall, under a central dome and two half-domes, between two aisles, recalls the sixth-century Hagia Sophia” (Milstein). These Ottoman structures reflect those of the Byzantines. They were influenced by the Hagia Sophia to build mosques the way they did. All of these examples show that the Ottoman Empire was connected to the Byzantine Empire through the design of their architecture and influence of buildings such as the Hagia
Two of the most powerful powers in the post-classical period were the Arabian and Byzantine empires. Each had different political, religious, and economic differences that defined their respective cultures, and managing to create vast empires that greatly rivaled each other.
As new ideas traveled main trade routes, such as the Silk Road and the Mediterranean, the effects of such were felt through an influx of contact between countries due to increased desire for new information and countries gaining a larger presence on the world stage. This phenomenon can also be seen through the lens of cultural exchange that took place during this same time period in Eurasia. A major component of the Eurasian trade networks, such as the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, was that they fostered interregional contacts that had ceased to previously exist. When a country had a desire for study or technology, they earned more respect on the global stage. This can be further examined by looking at Marco Polo’s voyage into Asia.
While taking the class of Early Modern European History there was two states that really stuck out and peaked my interest the most. They were the Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. If you compare and contrast both the Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe during the 16th Century through the 18th Century, you will see that there are a number of similarities as well as differences when you look at the expansion of the states. You will also see many of these contrasts as well when you look in terms of each states military and commerce. Although the Ottoman Empire existed before the 16th century and continued to exist past the 18th century and in great decline until the early 20th century, when looking at the state as a whole the time period of 1500’s through the 1700’s is a period of growth and strength. It is perhaps even known as a golden era for the state, when taking in to comparison the Early Modern Europeans where the same time period marks a change in how society thought and how people were treated.
When Emperor Constantine found the city of Constantinople, it was soon to become the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. But the Christin city needed a great church to represent it’s great value, so the Hagia Sophia was built (Krystek, Lee). The Hagia Sophia was built by the Byzantine Empire in 537 C.E., which was an Empire influenced greatly by the greek and roman styles (Krystek, Lee). It has a square base with a large dome on the top. Round arcs surrounded the large dome, adding mystical beauty to the Hagia Sophia (Krystek, Lee). Also, multiple colors of bricks were used to create patterns on the outside of the Hagia Sophia. On the inside, the walls are made of marble with glass panes which bring beautiful sunlight into the large museum (Krystek, Lee). The Hagia Sophia is very significant because it was rebuilt many times. The first church was built and then burnt down in 404 C.E. (Krystek, Lee). It was then rebuilt and burned down by riots in 502 C.E. (Krystek, Lee). Then the 3rd church was built by Justinian. After long periods of time, Sultan Mehmed conquered Constantinople and changed it to an islamic city, converting the church to a mosque (Krystek, Lee). In 1934, President Ataturk changed the mosque to a museum for the people and tourists, instead of a sacred place of worship (Krystek, Lee).
...ral (138 ½ feet), Michelangelo’s St. Peter’s (137 ½) and Wren’s St. Paul’s (109 feet). Until steel and concrete technology advanced in the 19th century, no single spaces were larger than these. Bibliography Dirimtekin, Feridun. [1964]. Saint Sophia Museum. Istanbul: Touring and Automobile Club of Turkey. Fossati, Gaspare. 1852. Aya Sofia, Constantinople : as recently restored by order of H. M. the sultan Abdul-Medjid. London: R. & C. Colnagni & Co. James Stevens Curl. Classical Architecture: an introduction to its vocabulary and essentials, with a select glossary of terms. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992. ISBN 0-442-30896-5. NA260.C87. interior photo of circular space (photo of the prostyle octstyle portico of the Pantheon) William L. MacDonald. The Architecture of the Roman Empire I. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1982. ISBN 0-300-02818-0. LC 81-16513
The Hagia Sophia and the Dome of the Rock are two of some of the greatest and most important monuments in the Eastern and the modern world. The Hagia Sophia is an amazing depiction of the Byzantine architecture. It symbolizes the “Golden era” of the Byzantine Empire and is a symbol of modern day Istanbul. The Dome of the Rock is located in Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock is currently a shrine for Islamic believers and some Jews that believe the grounds are sacred. It holds a great religious significance to the rise of Islam in Jerusalem. Even though these major achievements in architecture were built at different times and were built with different styles, they hold many similarities. These similarities include such fascinating examples of
The Ottoman Empire were Muslims and included Hungary, Syria, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Albania, and they marched on land. The Ottoman Empire is said to have first appeared somewhere around the 1300’s, and can be related to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. They began conquering Christian lands and by the late 1600’s all Christians were afraid of the “terrible Turk”. It is no wonder that many other people were afraid of the Ottoman Empire since they seem to be really rather powerful and they conquered a lot of land. It was in the 1330’s when the Morroccan Abu Abdallah Ibn Battuta passed through Constantinople and became impressed with the Ottomans who seemed to be gaining power rather quickly, he noticed that they had close to 100 forts and
...vided and chaotic. The Ottoman Turks took advantage of the declining empire during a war often referred to as the Turkish War. During this time, the Ottomans, which were mostly composed of Sunni Muslims, conquered the Byzantine Empire through a series of battles, and expanded the territory into Balkan. The new Ottoman Empire peaked under the leadership of Emperor Süleyman I. While the Ottoman Empire reached its highest point due to it’s military and governmental strengths, the Byzantine Empire fell in 1265.
There were many important empires on the Eurasia continent; The Qing Dynasty, The Ming Dynasty, The Tokugawa Shogunate, The Mughal Empire, The Safavid Empire, The Russian Empire and The Ottoman Empire They all had their similarities and their differences and their influence on the modern day are strong. Two of the of the countries that shared many similarities but also had their differences where the Russian empire and the Ottoman empire.
There are many different ways that modern cultures in the west have been impacted and built upon, but there are two ancient cultures that were the most influential. The Greek and Roman cultures helped shape Western Civilization in many ways. Both were very important factors in the development of Western culture. The Greeks contributed through art, architecture, government, philosophy, education, and science. The Romans contributed through language, engineering, law, and government.
Much of past civilizations have endured many failures and triumphs throughout their existence. In the third century, there were many civilizations that started to flourish. One of these civilizations that started to expand was the Byzantine civilization. The Byzantine civilization, also regarded as Byzantium, was part of the Roman Empire which was divided in 395 AD. Byzantium had shared the same attitude, as the Roman Empire, toward exercising its authority over its citizens and throughout its empire. The Islamic civilization had started thrive in the fifth century. The Islamic civilization was unified together as unison by Islam and it has expanded its civilization throughout parts of Europe through jihad. Because of their expansions throughout parts of Europe, they shared various similarities which include their political system, social structure, and economy.
Ultimately, European influence played a fundamental role in the shaping of the Ottoman Empire and Egypt during the 18th and early 19th century. It’s influence was most significant through government, economic, and military influence but its effects reverberated throughout society. Western influence was much less significant in Iran, primarily due to the fragmented nature of governorship in the region.
Both Byzantine and Roman mosaics developed at a similar time which led to the influenced upon one another. They possessed distinct techniques, materials, styles and subject matter. Byzantine structures emphasized on decorative touches while Roman mosaics were greatly functional. Both styles were enhanced in order to honour religious figures and domestic life (Ovadiah, 1987).
Islamic art and architecture is a blend from three or more different cultural traditions from the east. The Arab, Turkish, and Persian traditions are three such traditions that were adopted into the Islamic art and architecture design. The best expressions of Islamic art and architecture are found in Muslim mosques. The mosque serves as a place where Muslims can come together for prayer of Islam. Mosques are also a center for information, education, and dispute settlement. One of the most famous mosques of the Islamic art is the Great Mosque of Samarra in preset day Iraq. The Great Mosque of Samarra also has a spiral staircase on the outside of it.
The earlier designs of medieval architecture had features like pointed arches in the nave, window and doorways, small clusters of columns, pillars, small windows and thick walls. This was during the Romanesque period and a lot of the early Romanesque architecture had influence from the byzantine period, which was the previous time period of architecture.