Background and Significance In recent years, the number of home births in the U.S. has increased. Although fewer than 1% of births in the United States occur at home, the rate is much higher in other countries, such as 30% in the Netherlands (Ecker and Minkoff, 2011). Internationally, a majority of births take place in the home, with up to 80-95% in certain Asian and African countries (Fullerton et al., 2007). Unfortunately, the topic of home birth is divided between midwives and obstetricians. Based on the provider’s training, some midwives are prone to recommend home births, while obstetricians are against it. A majority of the debate concerns the importance of transportation from home to a birth center or hospital during birth, as well …show more content…
Women plan on home births because they “wish to have other family members present (including siblings), and the perception of greater participation in decision-making about and control of the birth environment” (Fullerton et al., 2007). One study determined that home births by a midwife had low perinatal deaths with decreased adverse maternal outcomes compared to hospital births by a midwife or physician (Janssen et al., 2009). In a study that was conducted in the Netherlands, home births was considered a safe option for low-risk women where the maternity care system facilitates home birth midwives to transfer patients via rapid transportation and an integrated referral system (de Jonge et al., 2009). On the other hand, doctors and hospitals are hesitant to promote home birth because of the fear of blame and liability to adverse birth outcomes. According to a current commentary, certain complications that may occur in which a midwife cannot adequately manage include: shoulder dystocia, fetal bradycardia, and intrapartum or postpartum hemorrhage (Chervenak et al., 2011). The study mentions that hospital-based delivery prevents the twofold to threefold increased risks of neonatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, and perinatal mortality compared to home births. Hence, studies regarding home birthing remain a controversial issue in …show more content…
This study evaluated data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate data files from 2010 through 2012. The four perinatal risk factors studied were breech presentation, prior cesarean delivery, twins, and gestational age 41 weeks or longer (Grünebaum et al., 2015). The study’s findings showed that in the U.S., home births by midwives had increased adverse birth outcomes compared to hospital births by midwives, since 30% of planned home births are not considered low risk. In addition, planned home births by non-certified American Midwifery Certification Board (AMCB) midwives had an even higher frequency of perinatal risks than the AMCB-certified
I am sure almost all of you have either been to or heard of SeaWorld. Today I am going to tell you about what they do to their orcas that they are trying to hide. I chose this topic after watching a documentary called “Blackfish” that goes into the behind the scenes of how SeaWorld treats its animals. I have since done further research online to prepare for this presentation. This is an important topic because you should know what kind of company you are funding and behaviors you are endorsing when you go on your vacations to this destination. Today I am going to persuade you that SeaWorld is corrupt and maltreats its animals, specifically the orcas. First, I will talk about the specific way the orcas are treated and how it affects them
Orcas are meant to be in the wild and swim close to 100 miles a day. Instead SeaWorld decided to capture them and use them solely for entertainment purposes. Orcas in captivity behave nothing like those in the wild and it is due to the fact that the living conditions in captivity are not suitable to keep such an active animal healthy. Tilikum is a prime example of what happens to an orca when they’re kept in a tank against their will. Tilikum ended up killing 3 people, not because he was actively seeking to kill them but because the unnecessary stress on him caused him to get increasingly more aggravated and decided to take it out on the cause of his stress. If orcas were not held captive none of these tragedies would have occurred. SeaWorld is a horrible place and needs to be shutdown for good to stop torturing these immensely intelligent
An orca, more commonly known as a killer whale, is currently one of the largest marine animals held in captivity. Countless arguments are being made, supporting and opposing captivity of orcas to be exploited as circus animals in theme parks around the world. Throughout recent history, Sea World trainers have been injured and killed by the orcas and the whales, and the whales themselves have been observed as severely depressed. If Sea World releases the whales, they would undergo an immense economic downfall and the whales would be too weak to survive in the wild if they were freed. Since the first Sea World park opened in San Diego, California in 1964, common questions have arose concerning the well-being of orcas in captivity, the dangers of humans training them, the physical capability of whales theoretically being released, and the psychological differences between whales living in the wild versus whales living in Sea World's confinement.
Johnson, K. C., & Daviss, B. A. (2005). Outcomes of planned home births with certified professional midwives: large prospective study in North America. Bmj, 330(7505), 1416.
We are here faced with the polar opposite extremes in birthing. Seemingly, if a woman has too little prenatal care and education regarding birthing (as in Africa) she may not have the access to a Cesarean when she truly needs it; and at the other end of the spectrum if a woman has enveloped herself in a system that relies too heavily on birthing technologies she may end up with an unnecessary Cesarean surgery. Other paradigms exist for birthing such as in Holland where every woman is provided with a midwife for her birth, and Brazil where the C-section rate tops 80 percent. Yet another microcosmic pocket of birth in the U.S. shows us that C-section rates can be achieved at below 2%.
The issue of keeping Orcas in captivity and under the care of man has been a controversial practice ever since the first dolphins and whales were taken into aquariums for the amusement of humans. In more recent times, the documentary Blackfish (which has been recently broadcasted on popular TV stations such as CNN) that focuses on Tilikum, an orca held by SeaWorld, has brought to light the controversy over captive killer whales. Orcas are majestic, beautiful, and intelligent creatures that should not be kept in captivity for our entertainment because of the harm it causes them.
The topic of the abuse of Orcas in captivity is a widespread injustice that culminates in the biggest orca training water park in the country, SeaWorld. Unfortunately, this abuse is practiced all over the world and is a major issue that many people want to see end. The documentary, Blackfish, presents these issues by educating people on the abusive conditions that takes place in these water parks. In the movie, one can see just how significant this problem is and the impact that it has had on the population of the orcas around the world. Furthermore, it is a problem that it is too significant to be solved by simply attacking the problem head on. There are simple yet complicated methods and small steps that must be taken in order to solve
The whale Tilicum who is responsible for multiple deaths of trainers is still in captivity and still performs in shows. He now has no life left in him and for hours will still sit in the same spot. This is no way to treat a living thing and in no way should wild animals like this be put into captivity. The bottom line is that these animals are living mammals and should not be put into situations where they are starved and kept in extremely small spaces to live out their lives. Companies like Sea World should no longer have whale shows and should release all of the whales that will be able to survive into the wild. Sea World would be able to survive without their whale show, and even though it is one of the biggest sources of revenue the park can make money in other endevures.
At home births are planned during the prenatal course when I women has met the criteria for low risk pregnancy. In the Netherlands, midwifery is a standard for of care, approximately 35% of all babies are born at home with midwives. In the United states less than 1% of births are done at home, researchers suggest that practitioners’ attitudes, resource availability, and community standards may influence the birth site options offered to women in the United states. In 1995 Floyd published a assessment of options and experiences with home births in the United Kingdom, discovered that home birth improved the experience and well-being of women, babies, and midwives. 226 midwives were asked their opinion on at home birth, 70% of them were favorable towards home birth, however “financial security, liability concerns, and lack of support from other maternity care providers (physicians and nurse-midwife peers) were barriers that affected the choice of practicing in an at home setting.” Home birth nurse-midwives are “looked” down on by hospital personnel, because of the higher risk of lawsuits than those who deliver in a hospital setting. The article finished off with stating “out-of-hospital maternity care
There is often debate regarding the topic of home birth vs. hospital birth. The debates may be fueled by common misconceptions due to the medicalization of birth. Even though there is extensive evidence based research on the safe outcomes of home and natural birth, many people still refute the concept. The outcomes for women delivering at home attended by certified
The Citizens of America do not realize the freedoms they have in the birthing process. Instead of knowing all the paths women can choose from in the United States most believe the only option is in the hospital. It is not common knowledge that the midwife can be the best choice for most healthy able women bearing children. This circumstance is reinforced by more than one factor. Historically, midwives have been exiled by the medical elite during the turn of the twentieth century. Another aspect that can be taken into account is that the birthing process is generational, meaning the tradition is passed down through the mother to her own daughter. These two factors play a major role in continuing the popular birthing norms of America. These reasons cause most people to lose interest when advocates of midwives try to convey their message. Through the examination of American birth models, the focus will be on the following: the historical context of the midwife up to modern day assumptions, the comparison and contrast of American practices in relation to the other countries of the world, and the financial break down and services a mother would receive in from an OB/GYN versus a midwife. These three factors will be used to fully exemplify the importance and necessity a midwife has on a birth, advocate for the knowledge of midwifery to the common public, and call for more American women to take advantage of such a powerful opportunity by educating themselves on what options they have when they become pregnant
Observations show that orcas suffer from significant health and emotional issues while in captivity. Trainers also suffer physical risks while working with these animals. The SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Corporation tends to enhance the appearance of the well being of their whales and staff to the public.
Berk conveys that while doctors are present during some home births, most are attended “…by certified nurse-midwives who have degrees in nursing and additional training in childbirth management” (CITATION). There are risks associated with childbirth, regardless of the setting. For women who are healthy, have not experienced issues during their pregnancies, and have not experienced issues with previous pregnancies, and are attended by a medical professional, home births can be just as safe as hospital births. Homebirths can also be more relaxing because the mother can move about more freely and has more control over the birthing experience than generally permitted during a hospital birth. Complications can arise during home births just as they can during a hospital birth. Therefore, it is wise to have a plan in place for transportation to the hospital if needed. There are numerous advantages to home births which include freedom of movement, more control over the birthing experience, decreased unnecessary medical interventions, and faster recovery. Disadvantages to homebirths include that a doctor is not likely to be quickly
...o find a balance between interventional and non-interventional birth. With this being said, I also understand that there are strict policies and protocols set in place, which I must abide to as a healthcare provider, in any birth setting. Unfortunately, these guidelines can be abused. Christiane Northrup, MD, a well recognized and respected obstetrician-gynecologist has gone as far as to tell her own daughters that they should not give birth in a hospital setting, with the safest place being home (Block, 2007, p. xxiii). Although I am not entirely against hospital births, I am a firm believe that normal, healthy pregnancies should be fully permissible to all midwives. However, high-risk pregnancies and births must remain the responsibility of skilled obstetricians. My heart’s desire is to do what is ultimately in the best interest of the mother, and her unborn child.
Worldwide, the rate of cesarean section is increasing. According to the CDC, in 2012 the rate of cesarean sections comprised 32.8% of all births in the United States (CDC, 2013). Between 1996-2009 the cesarean section rate has risen 60% in the U.S (CDC, 2013). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 50% of the 137 countries studies had cesarean section rates higher than 15% (WHO, 2010). The current goal of U.S. 2020 Healthy People is to reduce the rate of cesarean section to a target of 23.9%, which is almost 10% lower than the current rate (Healthy People 2020, 2013). According to a study conducted by Gonzales, Tapia, Fort, and Betran (2013), the appropriate percentage of performed cesarean sections is unclear, and is dependent on the circumstances of each individual birth (p. 643). Though often a life-saving procedure when necessary, the risks and complications associated with cesarean delivery are a cause for alarm due to the documented rate increase of this procedure across the globe. Many studies have revealed that cesarean deliveries increase the incidence of maternal hemorrhage and mortality and neonatal respiratory distress when compared to vaginal deliveries. As a result, current research suggests that efforts to reduce the rate of non-medically indicated cesarean sections should be made, and that comprehensive patient education should be provided when considering an elective cesarean delivery over a planned vaginal delivery.