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Chemistry before and after the scientific revolution
Beginning of chemistry and modern chemistry
Chemistry before and after the scientific revolution
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Chemistry is a branch of science that has been around for a long time. It has been here ever since the prehistoric era. Chemistry takes up too much time to put on a time, so it was put into four categories. The four categories are: prehistoric times - beginning of the Christian era (black magic), beginning of the Christian era - end of 17th century (alchemy), end of 17th century - mid 19th century (traditional chemistry) and mid 19th century - present (modern chemistry).
Prehistoric time: King Hammurabi knew metal were recorded and listed them in conjunction with heavenly bodies, in 1700 B.C. on his rule over Babylon. Then Democritus of ancient Greece proclaimed the atom was the simplest unit of matter and that matter is composed of all atoms, in 430 B.C. A few years in 300 B.C. Aristotle believed that there were only four elements, fire, earth, water, and air. That matter is made up of all these elements and they had four properties, hot cold, dry, and wet. They each believed in these things and even tried to prove that they were right.
Then in 300 BC through 300 AD The Advent of A...
These Greek philosophers came up with the idea that all matter is composed of indivisible elements.
In the beginning, Democritus discovered that matter is made of atoms in 380 B.C. (Doc. 1). He said that each substance is composed of one type of atomos (OI). The next person to expand on this topic was Aristotle. In his experiment, he found that there was no empty space in the atom. He said that there is only Earth, Water, Air, and Fire (OI). More people included and constructed what the atom is made up of. The last person to discover something new with the atom was Rutherford. He made an experiment that would test
In chemistry, we calculate and measure substance to use them in all kind of substance and form every day. It is everywhere in our lives. We use it in all we do, such as cooking cleaning, eating, even in our work force and home. The texts states: (quote) that fuel in our cars with oxygen to make the car move and run, when we cook our food or bleach our hair, chemical reactions take place. (Timberlake, K. C., 01/2014, pg. 211).
What is chemistry? According to the American Chemical Society, chemistry can be described as “the study of matter and the changes it can undergo.” This science has been improved by many amazing scientists, and, because of them, our world have never been more advanced. Rosalind Franklin was one of those scientists, and she most definitely contributed to the science of chemistry.
Have you ever had a question about the History of Chemistry, because I just had one recently about the invention of Pepto-Bismol. This invention of Pepto-Bismol was a key invention to the society because this helped people cure their rare disease in the late nineteenth century that people called diarrhea. Today, I am going to take you on an adventure through time that was the late eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century and you will come to see that Pepto-Bismol was an amazing invention. Let’s start with the beginning stages of the creation of Pepto-Bismol.
This showed that dissolved gases were mechanically mixed with the water and weren?t mixed naturally. But in 1803 it was found that this depended on the weight of the individual particles of the gas or atoms. By assuming the particles were the same size, Dalton was able to develop the idea of atomic weights. In 1803 this theory was finalised and stated that (1) all matter is made up of the smallest possible particles termed atoms, (2) atoms of a given element have unique characteristics and weight, and (3) three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex molecules).
The writings of some Greek philosophers may be considered to be among the very first chemical theories, such as the theory that all things are composed of air, earth, fire, and water. Each of these were represented by different elements, such as sulfur, salt, mercury, and, ideally, gold. Other ideas held by alchemists were that each of the known elements were represented by heavenly bodies. Gold was earth's representation of the sun, silver for the moon, mercury for the planet Mercury, copper for Venus, iron for Mars, tin for Jupiter, and lead for Saturn.
Greek thinkers and early people noted around 400BC, that things are different from each other, and can be broken down into smaller groups. They used the words “element” and “atom” to describe different and the smallest parts of matter. For over 2000 years, the four “elements” of Earth, fire, water, and air were used to explain many stories of the world. Something had to of been done to organize our thoughts and observations of our elements. A method was needed by 1860 to organize the sixty elements known by scientists. Many scientists helped contribute to the discoveries made for the Periodic Table, but Dmitri Mendeléev eventually constructed the first table. All of the elements that are a part of the Periodic Table are all based on the properties of matter. We are able to describe, classify, and quickly identify the elements by their properties. The table is also organized by their certain properties that repeat periodically when arranged by their atomic number. The table is arranged into groups and periods to display their common properties.
Chemistry is “the science that deals with the composition and properties of substances and various elementary forms of matter”. There are five branches of chemistry. There is organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and biochemistry. We are affected by chemistry everyday. Whether it is the air we breathe or what is in soil, chemistry is everywhere. You can get various careers that involve the use of chemistry. You can be a forensic chemist, a geochemist, or even a food chemist. They each are unique in their very own way and require different abilities.
Chemistry before technology was known as alchemy. Alchemy is the medieval forerunner of chemistry, based on the supposed transformation of matter. According to the New York Times article “The Magical Origins of Modern Chemistry” alchemy was a philosophy and practice that sought to understand the nature of matter. Because of the alchemist they were able to make porcelain, pigments, perfumes, gunpowder, and pharmaceuticals. Before technology was brought into chemistry it took longer for scientist to discover certain items and chemical compounds and it took them longer to figure out how to do certain things. Before there were phones and computers scientist and chemists could not share their data with others in hope to gain more knowledge and ideas on how to make chemical reactions work. A lot of chemical reactions and medical advancements comes from things that already exist in the natural world. Technology only enhanced what they could combined and make out of something that already exist. Natural resources could have also caused a delay in the combining of certain chemicals because they did not have what they needed in order to make or combined chemicals. Even today we still have problem finding medication...
The idea of atom existed as early as the Greek and Indian civilizations, but more as a philosophical thought rather than a well-defined theory based on empirical evidence. Atom was assumed as something that is indestructible and the smallest component that makes up matter. It took almost 2000 years for the development of modern day atomic theory with proof for the existence of atoms and further subatomic particles. The archaeological classification of human history as stone age, bronze age and iron age depicts the evolution of macroscopic chemistry first. Much later through the fundamental studies in electromagnetism and blackbody radiation, the discovery and theoretical formulation
Physics began when man first started to study his surroundings. Early applications of physics include the invention of the wheel and of primitive weapons. The people who built Stone Henge had knowledge of physical mechanics in order to move the rocks and place them on top of each other. It was not until during the period of Greek culture that the first systematic treatment of physics started with the use of mechanics. Thales is often said to have been the first scientist, and the first Greek philosopher. He was an astronomer, merchant and mathematician, and after visiting Egypt he is said to have originated the science of deductive geometry. He also discovered theorems of elementary geometry and is said to have correctly predicted an eclipse of the sun. Many of his studies were in astronomy but he also observed static electricity. Phythogoras was a Greek philosopher. He discovered simple numerical ratios relating the musical tones of major consonances, to the length of the strings used in sounding them. The Pythagorean theorem was named after him, although this fundamental statements of deductive geometry was most likely first an idea from Egyptian methods of measurements. With the help of his followers he discovered that the earth was a sphere, but he did not believe it revolved around the sun.
Modern chemistry is only about two centuries old. Earlier history of chemistry can be divided into three periods: "black magic," alchemy, and "primitive modern." Black magic was from prehistoric times to the beginning of the Christian Era. People believed that spirits controlled natural occurrences and they used magic to persuade these spirits to help in operations. During this period only some practical knowledge was gathered. Some elements such as iron, gold, and copper were recognized. There was also some progress in glass making, metalworking, and alloying. Thales and Aristotle contemplated the n...
The word chemistry comes from alchemy, which referred to an earlier set of practices that encompassed elements of chemistry, metallurgy, philosophy, astrology, astronomy, mysticism and medicine. It is often seen as linked to the quest to turn lead or another common starting material into gold,[6] though in ancient times the study encompassed many of the questions of modern chemistry being defined as the study of the composition of waters, movement, growth, embodying, disembodying, drawing the spirits from bodies and bonding the spirits within bodies by the early 4th century Greek-Egyptian alchemist Zosimos.[7] An alchemist was called a 'chemist ' in popular speech, and later the suffix "-ry" was added to this to describe the art
Chemistry forms the dispersible foundation of disciplines such as biology, medicine, and material sciences. Future studies show an accelerating change in the technology through history. What is chemistry? Wikipedia defines it as a branch of physical science and is the study of the composition, properties and change of matter. It has been said that chemistry is also called the central science because it builds bridges to the other natural sciences. The history of chemistry goes back into the ancient times, back as far as about 1000 B.C. Examples of chemistry would be taking metal from ore or pottery to glazes. The art of chemistry is the matter of changing things into another. What is the point of studying chemistry? Because we use all the time, especially when we are cooking. If you know how to use chemistry to your knowledge, then it can help you make everyday choices. There are many people who work in the field of chemistry. People from doctors to truck drivers. People often...