Arduino Microcontroller
It is said that each one of us has at least twenty microcontrollers in our houses or workplaces. According to a survey, there are more than two billion microcontrollers being manufactured annually. Everybody around the world could not even consider a day without these electronic components (John, 2013). Today, the world is evolving towards a computer-based and technology-dependent environment. Computers, robots and machines could be seen everywhere. Buildings and homes are now majorly powered and managed by electronic devices. All these are made possible by a present day innovation—the microcontroller like the Arduino. The Arduino is a flexible and powerful yet user-friendly microcontroller used in electronic projects to interpret and evaluate data and provide the programmed output in reference to the evaluation results.
A microcontroller is a small compact computer used to manage the operations of the systems inside motor vehicles, robots, mobile radio transceivers, home appliances, and various other devices (Techtarget, 2014). It is typically composed of a Central Processing Unit, a memory and input or output pins that look like minute hollow blocks (Quinstreet Inc, 2014). It originated way bay back from the 1970s when engineers, designers, and architects were finding a way on how to create the world’s first microprocessor. Intel paved its way to the technology world by inventing the microprocessor in 1971 but two engineers made the larger impact by inventing a more advanced electronic component – the microcontroller. In 1971, the microcontroller was invented by two engineers from Texas Instruments – Gary Boone and Michael Cochran (Aycock, n.d.). After its invention, the microcontroller m...
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In 500 B.C. the abacus was first used by the Babylonians as an aid to simple arithmetic. In 1623 Wihelm Schickard (1592 - 1635) invented a "Calculating Clock". This mechanical machine could add and subtract up to 6 digit numbers, and warned of an overflow by ringing a bell. J. H. Mueller comes up with the idea of the "difference engine", in 1786. This calculator could tabulate values of a polynomial. Muellers attempt to raise funds fails and the project was forgotten. Scheutz and his son Edward produced a 3rd order difference engine with a printer in 1843 and their government agreed to fund their next project.
Pervasive computing is here. It is being integrated into our society in as many ways that can be thought up. Chips are popping up in everyday objects. Cars, planes, ships, phones, PDA’s, refrigerators, and soon a person’s hat, shoes, and clothing. This is all well and good, the advancement of technology is something that has always and will always be a constant in our culture. The need for more interconnectivity is becoming more apparent in business, schools, and personal lives. IBM is working on a project, called Autonomic Computing, which will create a universal standard for technology and the integration of electronic devices. One of their claims for the necessity of the project is a quote, “Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations which we can perform without thinking about them." - Alfred North Whitehead. They say that we make cultural advances by taking the processes and procedures we have now and automating them, thus giving the freedom to explore new and unique ways to complete the left over processes and procedures. The advancement of the culture is a necessity for any society, but the relinquishment of control of certain processes has to be regulated.
First off let’s get something straight. When I refer to computers in this essay I am not referring only to the microprocessor sitting on your desk but to microprocessors that control robots of various structure.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is the system used for connecting peripheral devices to personal computers by means of standard connections and communication systems. It was developed during January 1996 by a cluster of companies such as the Intel, Compaq, Microsoft, Digital IBM, and Northern Telecom. These companies also formed the USB Implementation Forum Inc. (USB-IF) which is a nonprofit organization publishing the specifications of the technology and giving them support for further development and adoption of the USB technology. It is developed to replace the different kinds of parallel and serial ports on a computer by providing an additional peripheral device which is quick and easy to use for the users.
It all began in 1991, during the time of monumental computing development. DOS had been bought from a Seattle hacker by Bill Gates, for a sum of $50,000 – a small price for an operating system that had managed sneak its way across the globe due to a clever marketing strategy. Apple’s OS and UNIX were both available, though the cost of running either was far greater than that of running DOS. Enter MINIX, an operating system developed from the ground up by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a college professor. MINIX was part of a lesson plan used to teach students the inner-workings of an operating system. Tanenbaum had written a book on MINIX called “Operating System” and anyone who had picked up a copy would find the 12,000 lines of code that comprised MINIX itself. This was a big issue; due to the fact that all know (well published) operating systems to that point had been well guarded by software developers, thus making it difficult for people to truly expand on operating system mechanics.
"Technology is like fish. The longer it stays on the shelf, the less desirable it becomes." (1) Since the dawn of computers, there has always been a want for a faster, better technology. These needs can be provided for quickly, but become obsolete even quicker. In 1981, the first "true portable computer", the Osborne 1 was introduced by the Osborne Computer Corporation. (2) This computer revolutionized the way that computers were used and introduced a brand new working opportunity.
The purpose of this report is to study the current state of supercomputers and to briefly discuss predicted advancements in the field..A brief history about the supercomputer and its operation is initially outlined.
Microcontrollers are more economically viable to digitally control more devices and processes than designs that operate using isolated memory, microprocessors and input/output devices. The cost and size also make the microcontroller more feasible. Mixed signal microcontrollers are common, as it integrates analog components needed to control non-digital electronic systems.
There are many sources of information out on the World Wide Web (WWW) regarding health care informatics groups. Sources that can, and will, be significant in the ever evolving area of technology in the health care setting. This paper looks at three informatics groups that have a large impact on informatics. Also, the specialty area of nursing informatics will be evaluated and will look at the future trends and challenges that may be encountered.
The Internet of Things (IOT) is a system of interconnected computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The IOT creates an opportunity to measure or monitor a large
The First Generation of Computers The first generation of computers, beginning around the end of World War 2, and continuing until around the year 1957, included computers that used vacuum tubes, drum memories, and programming in machine code. Computers at that time where mammoth machines that did not have the power our present day desktop microcomputers. In 1950, the first real-time, interactive computer was completed by a design team at MIT. The "Whirlwind Computer," as it was called, was a revamped U.S. Navy project for developing an aircraft simulator.
My interest in Computers dates back to early days of my high school. The field of CS has always fascinated me. The reason for choosing CS stream was not a hasty decision. My interest started developing in the early stage of my life, when I studied about the invention of computers. The transformation from the large size to small palmtops enticed me to know about the factors responsible for making computers, also the electronic gadgets so small. I was quite impressed after seeing a small chip for the first time in my school days, especially after I learnt that it contained more than 1000 transistors, “integrated circuits”.
Thousands of years ago calculations were done using people’s fingers and pebbles that were found just lying around. Technology has transformed so much that today the most complicated computations are done within seconds. Human dependency on computers is increasing everyday. Just think how hard it would be to live a week without a computer. We owe the advancements of computers and other such electronic devices to the intelligence of men of the past.
Computers are one of the most popular kinds of electronic devices in the world today. Whether kid or adult, male or female, everyone wants to learn how to operate the computer. People use computers for different purposes such as typing papers, creating websites, making presentations, browsing on the internet, playing games, etc. In fact, many people are still confused about choosing what kind of computer they want to buy. In the world today, there are two types of computers: notebook/laptop and desktop. They both are actually very different in several ways. In this paper, I will compare the size, connectivity, power, and price of notebook and desktop computers. I can make these comparisons because I have both a notebook and a desktop computer in my apartment.
Microprocessors are different to one another according to the manufacturer and technical specifications. The most important technical specifications of microprocessor are the type and processing speed. The type of microprocessor is defined by the internal structure and basic features .The microprocessors communicate with the rest of the system by means of buses. Buses are sets of parallel electronic conductors set of wires or tracks on the circuit board.