Hindu Trigonometry

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Most of what we know concerning the development of trigonometry in India comes from influential works from the 4th – 5th century, known as the Siddhantas. There were five of these works with the most complete survivor being the Surya Siddhanta. These texts first defined the sine as the modern relationship between half an angle and half a chord. They also defined cosine, versine, and inverse sine. An Indian mathematician name Aryabhata (476 – 550 AD) later expanded on the developments of the Siddhantas in an influential and important work called the Aryabhatia. The Siddhantas and Aryabhatia contain the earliest surviving table of sine and versine values, in 3.75 degree intervals from 0 to 90 degrees, to an accuracy of 4 decimal places (History of Trigonometry).
The Hindu name for Trigonometry is Jyotpatti-ganita which translates to “The science of calculation for the construction of the sine”. The Hindus introduced and usually employed three trigonometric functions, namely jya, koti-jya, and utkrama-jya. These are related to our modern sine, cosine, and versine trigonometric...

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