Evaluation of the theory in Interpersonal Relations of Nursing by Hildegard. E. Peplau
Many persons go into the healthcare ground because they want to work with people. For these nurses, it is the nurse-patient relationship that is one of the most significant things. By understanding the nurse-patient relationship, nurses can be better furnished to work with their patients and, eventually, deliver superior care for them. Hildegard Peplau's model of nursing emphases on that nurse-patient relationship and recognizes the diverse roles nurses take on when working with patients.
Biography of Hildegard Peplau
Hildegard Peplau was born in 1909 in Pennsylvania. As a child, she saw the devastating effects of the flu epidemic in 1918, which greatly influenced
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Peplau published her Theory of Interpersonal Relations in 1952, and in 1968, interpersonal techniques became the crux of psychiatric nursing. The Theory of Interpersonal Relations is a middle-range descriptive classification theory. According to (Senn, 2013, p. 31), middle-range theories focus on a portion of reality or human experience, involving a selected number of concepts. Peplau’s theory was influenced by Henry Stack Sullivan, Percival Symonds, Abraham Maslow, and Neal Elger Miller. Describes the purpose of nursing is to help others recognize their felt problems. Nurses should apply principles of human relations to the difficulties that arise at all levels of experience. Peplau's theory describes the phases of interpersonal process, roles in nursing situations and methods for studying nursing as an interpersonal process. She defined nursing as the therapeutic relationship between both individuals; therefore, it necessitated that the nurse interact with the patient purposefully (Senn, 2013, p. 32). Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art, helping an individual who is sick or in necessity of health care. Nursing is an interpersonal process because it implicates interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. The attainment of goal is achieved through the use of a sequence of steps following a series of pattern. The nurse and patient work together so both become mature and knowledgeable in the
The majority of our society holds the notion that nurses are no more than trained professionals, working for a doctor, who simply provide medical care for the sick and informed. However, what nursing means to me goes deeper than that belief. Nursing is a profession in which individuals are responsible for not only the care of the sick and infirmed but are also responsible for being a support system and an educator, as well as an advocate for the promotion of optimal care. In today’s society, nurses are an important part of any medical facility’s investment. This paper will address the many different aspects of nursing in which nurse’s act as not only caregivers but also act as, counselors and educators.
There are many nursing theories that are being used in the emergency room when the employees are treating psychiatric patients. Jean Watson’s caring theory is seen being used in the emergency room when the staff members are involved in the care of the psychiatric patients (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 182). The staff members are trying to provide the patients with holistic care and having a therapeutic environment is important for the patient to receive holistic care. The nurses and staff members are taking time out of his or her busy assignment to sit down, talk with these patients, and make sure that the patient is comfortable and has everything that he or she needs. Hildegard Peplau’s theory of nurse to patient relationship is another nursing theory that is currently being used in the emergency
The model consists of four concepts: humans in relationship, relationship-centered professional encounters, feeling cared for, and self-advancing systems. In addition to the four concepts, Dr. Duffy also defined the role of a nurse and emphasized a nurse’s responsibilities: (1) continuously attain advance knowledge and expertise, (2) initiate, cultivate, and sustain
Since the institution of nursing was first established, care has remained the primary component. Being able to provide care to patients on an emotional level is another example of the distinctive power that nurses uphold. Generally, the nurse is the predominant choice of the patient when he/she must determine who best to confer with or share personal thoughts or concerns with, as well as who the patient trusts most with management of their own well-being. This form of day-to-day, intimate patient-nurse relationship is a powerful component of
Therapeutic relationships are an essential part of nursing; they are the foundation of nursing (CNO, 2009). The National Competency Standard for Registered Nurses states that nurses are responsible for “establishing, sustaining and concluding professional relationships with individuals/groups.” Throughout this essay, the importance of forming therapeutic relationships will be explained. The process of building a therapeutic relationship begins prior to time of contact with a patient, the interpersonal skills of the nurse; then the process includes skills required by the nurse to communicate effectively, including respect, trust, non-judgment and empathy. The way to portray these skills can be via verbal or non-verbal cues that are important to understand how they influence a person.
Hildegard E. Peplau is renown in the nursing profession and other health disciplines and his name is synonymous with interpersonal relationship in nursing. Her conceptualization and description of the process of the nurse-patient interaction is one of her major contributions. Hildegard was born September 1, 1909 in Reading to immigrant parents of German decent. She was raised in a paternalistic family and a paternalistic society. She entered the nursing profession in Pottstown Pennsylvania, where she earned the diploma in nursing. Nursing education during her era was characterized with autonomous, nursing-controlled nightingale era and schools were controlled by hospitals. Women in nursing were seen as the source of cheap or free labor. She worked in the operating room supervision as a fresh graduate, and later moved to New York, where she specialized in surgical nursing. Later, she joined the Vermont College where she headed the nursing staff and earned her baccalaureate degree in psychology. Peplau journey to become a fundamental theorist in nursing is based on her experiential learning (Grayce, 1998). Peplau describes her journey into four transforming experiences. The first is the eleven (1932-1943) years; she served as a summer camp nurse at the New York university summer camp for women physical education major. During these years, she interacted with talented academicians from leading colleges and universities such Vassar and Wiliam. During these years, she interacted with a group of illustrious women who accommodated her as a professional. The second step of her professional growth occurred when she was a nurse and a student at Bennington College. The colle...
The best way to understand exactly what a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is is to look into the characteristics of the relationship. As previously stated, the therapeutic relationship focuses on the client and their goals. In contrast with a social relationship, the actions of both the nurse and patient are dedicated to the needs of the patient. Nurse and patient work together to attain the goals set for the patient. Although the nurse may enjoy interacting with the patient, this is not the purpose of the relationship. The parameters of the relationship are defined to ensure that the relationship does not curve in that direction. Parameters include, “[the] relationship is terminated when goals are met and service no longer needed” (Craven & Hirnle, 2009, p. 330). This ensures that boundaries are not crossed and the nurse-patient relationship stays a professional one.
The Theory of Nursing as Caring: A Model for Transforming Practice by Boykin & Schoenhofer recognizes the importance of identifying caring between the nurse and the one nursed as an applicable knowledge that the nurse must pursue. It is best stated that caring is not exclusive to nursing, yet it is uniquely lived in nursing (Alligood 2014).
Nursing in this theory is described as an art that helps individuals who are in need of health care, and goals are attained threw following a series of steps in a pattern. The nurse and the patient have to work together threw this process to achieve said goals. The Theory of Interpersonal Relations is a process that starts with the roles of the nurse, and those roles began with the nurse as a stranger, teacher, resource person, counselor, surrogate and leader (Nursing Theories, 2012). The theory begins with the role of the stranger, which is defined as the introductory phase and is an environment where about the patient is meeting the nurse and developing a trusting relationship. The nurse as a teacher allows the nurse to provide knowledge and information on a particular interest while the resource person provides specific information to a problem or situation. As counselors the nurses help to make life decisions and provides guidance. The surrogate role acts as an advocate on the patients’ behalf, while the role of the leader has the nurse assuming most of the responsibility to help patients meet treatment
Every person’s needs must be recognized, respected, and filled if he or she must attain wholeness. The environment must attuned to that wholeness for healing to occur. Healing must be total or holistic if health must be restored or maintained. And a nurse-patient relationship is the very foundation of nursing (Conway et al 2011; Johnson, 2011). The Theory recognizes a person’s needs above all. It sets up the conducive environment to healing. It addresses and works on the restoration and maintenance of total health rather than only specific parts or aspect of the patient’s body or personality. And these are possible only through a positive healing relationship between the patient and the nurse (Conway et al, Johnson).
Emotional intelligence refers to an ability to recognize the meanings of emotion and its therapeutic relationships, and to reasons for problem-solving in nursing. This is involved in the capacity to recognize emotions, adapt emotion-related to feelings, understand the information of those emotions, and manage it. Reflective practice is a process by which one stops and think about their practice, knowingly analyse ones decision making and clarifying ones thoughts and doubts. As a result, one may modify ones actions, behaviour, treatments and learning needs. Therapeutic relationship, also known as the helping team, refers to the relationship between a healthcare professional and a client. It is the means by which the professional interact with the client. This relationship is central to the patient's oriented approach to health care, and will displays some of the skills that are developed by the practitioner, to enhance the healing relationship with their patients. Nursing is the defences, campaign, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, improvement of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. Thus emotional intelligences is the ability to manage emotions which is very important in nursing.
When a nurse is providing patient care, he/she creates a safe environment for the patient and enables the choice to establish a relationship on a human to human interaction or on a transpersonal level. The patient will be acknowledged as a person with the wholeness of their soul despite their illness or number on the bed. The ten carative factors in this theory are used as an education tool for nurses around the world and should be applied to the different care situations in practice. Nurses use the factors to promote growth in themselves and within the patient. A nurse should respect the patient’s decisions and take the time to fully be present in the moments with the patient. A lot of nurses complain about the time limitations they have and do not provide the necessary amount of time to listen and gather the patient’s perspective of the situation. Another way this theory can be applied to practice is by recognizing the caring moment between you and the patient. This will determine how the relationship will
70). I believe that the patient’s needs always take priority. A good nurse-patient relationship is important when taking care of patients. If a patient can trust the nurse taking care of him or her and they have a good rapport, the patient’s experience will be positive. Peplau’s theory is considered to be an interaction theory, an interaction theory, “revolve[s] around the relationships nurses form with patients” (Colley, 2003, p. 34). I believe that if a nurse does not have a good rapport with the patient, he or she will not be able to heal adequality. The patient might focus more on him or her not getting along with the nurse and thinking that the nurse does not care, then taking the time to make sure that he or she is healing properly. The patient may not ask for pain medication when they are in pain because he or she does not want to deal with the nurse. The environment also has a lot to do with the patient feeling better and healing
Defining what a nurse is varies from person to person. Some have described a nurse as a person who shows care to their patients while others say that nurses assist to regain the ill’s health back. There is no wrong answer in defining what a nurse is. Moreover, I believe that a nurse is one who treats their patients with the dignity and respect that they deserve, and assists them in promoting and preventing their health illness and lastly, enhancing their health to optimal status. Nursing is viewed as a human science because nurse must display a connection with each patient. One must view the patients as a person, who has feelings, who behaves a certain way and who deserve to be well cared for. In addition, nursing is not a profession that treats
The purpose of Pepau’s theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing is to focus on nurse-patient relationship and identify different roles nurse take when caring for patient. Consensus exist that theories are made up of ideas called concept and statement about...