8. What is Head Sparing and what is its importance to the growth process of the neonate?
Head sparing is the biological protection of the brain when malnutrition affects body growth. The brain is the last part of the body to be damages by malnutrition. In this situation the fetus redistributes its oxygen supply to the brain by vasodilation of the cerebral arteries. The fetus does this during chronic fetal hypoxemia. The demised amount of oxygen the fetus receives can happen due to placenta infraction, maternal smoking, or other. A placenta infraction occurs when the blood flow between placenta and baby is for some reason disturbed. Although a placenta infraction is common within pregnancy and often wont drastically affect the baby it can reduce the amount of oxygen the baby receives. This is why Head sparing is important to the growth process of the neonate, a newborn. The time when a fetus tansitions to neonate it crucial. In
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It is associated with decision making, moderating social behavior, personality expression, and planning complex cognitive behavior; all of these being important to psychological and social development. In short terms the prefrontal cortex is associated to actions and thoughts relating to an individual’s internal goal. In relation to ongoing psychological and social development of the child as they age normally, studies have shown that the fewer amount of interconnection in the prefrontal cortex is present in individual with mental disorders. The number of connections in the frontal lobe are seen to be fewer with in those with many stressors , criminals, and those who daily intake cannabis. The prefrontal cortex is important to primarily decision making and distinguishing between good in bad in which those things alone can affect a child’s development both psychological and social. The prefrontal cortex is important to overall brain
I read the book Head Case by Sarah Aronson. Characters Frank Marder: Frank is the main character in the book. When he is seventeen, Frank makes a poor decision to drink and drive after a party. He crashes his car and kills two people and is paralyzed from the neck down. The struggle of dealing with his paralysis is a reminder of the accident that he must learn to cope with every day.
.(moodle,2017)Neuroscience helps us understand that what we do with our babies matters as much as how we interact with them. It influences adults to become more self-aware and self-reflective about how we
14, 2002). Riley is currently experiencing physical changes in her body such as developing breast, getting her period, and hormonal fluctuations. Along with these other changes, her prefrontal cortex is still developing. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for decision-making, planning, and impulse control (Micucci, 2012). “The physical changes associated with puberty, in themselves, have little negative impact on the adolescent’s self-image, except in one instance: when adolescents are going through puberty around the same time they are experiencing other changes in life, such as changing schools”(Micucci, p. 18,
Cord clamping has long been practiced to occur immediately after birth of a neonate. There is much discussion and evidence based practice that shows improvements to health when we delay the clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord. Delayed clamping allows for more nutrient rich blood to flow to the infant’s body, which is going through shock at birth. Early clamping is generally done between 10 seconds after expulsion of the fetus to one minute , whereas delayed clamping ranges from two minutes until the cord finishes pulsating. The research collected will analyze early clamping and delayed clamping to see which practice is found to be healthier for mother and child.
Neonatal nursing is a field of nursing designed especially for both newborns and infants up to 28 days old. The term neonatal comes from neo, "new", and natal, "pertaining to birth or origin”. Neonatal nurses are a vital part of the neonatal care team. These are trained professionals who concentrate on ensuring that the newborn infants under their care are able to survive whatever potential life threatening event they encounter. They treat infants that are born with a variety of life threatening issues that include instances of prematurity, congenital birth defects, surgery related problems, cardiac malformations, severe burns, or acute infection. Neonatal care in hospitals was always done by the nursing staff but it did not officially become a specialized medical field until well into 1960s. This was due to the numerous advancements in both medical care training and related technology that allowed for the improved treatment and survival rate of premature babies. According to the March of Dimes, one of every thirteen babies born in the United States annually suffers from low birth weight. This is a leading cause in 65% of infant deaths. Therefore, nurses play a very important role in providing round the clock care for these infants, those born with birth defects or other life threatening illness. In addition, these nurses also tend to healthy babies while their mothers recover from the birthing process. Prior to the advent of this specialized nursing field at risk newborn infants were mostly cared for by obstetricians and midwives who had limited resources to help them survive (Meeks 3).
As every child grows up in a different environment, not all have a safe one to grow up in and as a result everything that surrounds them becomes apart of the clarity that their mind incorporates and becomes apart of that child 's behavior of way. In terms of brain development children or teens often listen, and see what is around them, it is also said, by researchers of the National Institute of Health, that in recent studies that were made that in teen years massive loss of brain tissue...
This occurs when the fetal head is in the wrong position. It can also be caused by damage to the muscles of the neck or the neck of the blood supply problems.
Scientist believe the activity in the frontal lobes is depressed in people with ADD. Studies also show, a decrease in the...
Raine, A. & Yang,Y. (2006). Neural foundations to moral reasoning and antisocial behavior. Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience.
Finger, Marsh, K. Blair, Reid, Sims, Ng, Pine, and R. Blair wanted to know if youths who have conduct disorder or oppositional defiance disorder have abnormalities in their amygydala and orbitalfrontal cortex. The experimenters used an fMRI to check for abnormalities. Youths who have conduct disorder or oppositional defiance disorder tend to show more aggression and antisocial behavior. These youths also have a higher risk of being antisocial or even criminals in the future. Although psychopathic traits can be caught early, psychologists do not fully understand pathophysiology. In previous studies experimenters have found that subjects who have psychopathic traits also have issues with emotional learning. They found that the traits showed damage in the stimulus-reinforcement learning and in decision making using the passive avoidance task. According to previous studies the amygdala is where the stimulus-associations take place, which then the information is thought to be sent to the orbitalfrontal cortex through the ventral striatum. Then in the orbitalfrontal cortex processes the information and helps in the decision making.
Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) is referred to fetal growth that has been restricted by insufficient fulfillments of nutritional requirements. ...
“Maturation of the Prefrontal Cortex.” Office of Population Affairs, n.p. N.d. Web. 17 February 2012.
The role of the frontal cortex in social cognition and decision making is now well-recognised; in the 19th century, however, neurologists were only just beginning to realise these connections. Gage’s injuries provided some of the first evidence that the frontal cortex was involved in personality and behaviour.
As human beings we are living organisms that are a step above the rest. Our unique anatomy gives us the innate ability to grow, change, and adapt to our surroundings. Our stages of life can be divided into birth, childhood, adolescents, young adult, adult, and older adult. At each stage not only does our physical appearance change and hit milestones so does our anatomy. Our prefrontal cortex continues to develop until we are in our mid twenties for example. Thats why as teenagers and even young adults we are still developing motor, cognitive, and social behaviors. This explains why teenagers are the worse drivers, their judgement and foresight has not reached it’s full potential. Here is a chart that compares the human prefrontal cortex development to that of a rat. You can see well into the age of 32 the prefrontal cortex is still developing in humans.image
Personality is found in the part of your brain in the frontal lobe called the prefrontal cortex. This part of the brain is responsible for coordinating and adjusting complex behavior, impulse control, organization of emotions, focusing and organizing attention, complex planning, and personality. Scientist say that the prefrontal cortex