Migrant Demographics:
Age: 60 years old at passing (7-30 years old during migrations).
Gender: Female
Family Status: Migrated with Father, Mother, Older Sister, Two Brothers until age 14 where she migrated alone.
Social Class: Upper Middle Class (Before WWII + Literacy) and Slave Class (indentured worker)
The Migrant, unlike global trends, was a young female and at first migrated not as an individual seeking work, but with her family as refugees (Fear of American Attack on Home Island, WWII). Later however, several years after the war, the migrant immigrated for work as in indentured worker.
Map #1: (Not to Scale)
Map #2: Migrations within Japan
Type of Migration:
Most of Hayako’s migration was interregional in the country of Japan, meaning moves within different regions of the same country. The migrant never left Japan, but only emigrated from different regions of Japan. An example of her interregional migration is her emigration from the Ryuku Islands where she was born, to Nagasaki on the coast of the mainland.
Intervening Obstacles:
1) East China Sea - Each of Hayako’s Migrations were across this environmental feature.
2) Cost
Push/Pull Factors: (Combined)
Push: War, Not Enough Jobs, Personal Family Issues, Few Opportunities
Pull: Family Links, Work, Better living conditions, Better medical care
Japanese-American conflict during WWII was a push factor when moving to Nagasaki in 1945 as the migrant and her family feared that Amami Oshima (home island) would suffer greatly should the Americans invade Japan. The atomic bombing of Nagasaki in August of 1945 was also a push factor.
Problems Faced in New Locations:
Moving within the territory controlled by Japan was difficult for the migrant, as there are many countrie...
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...fied by the migrant, as almost all of the migrant’s immigrations were interregional, therefore she never left the country of Japan. All of the interregional migrations were in the general area surrounding the East China Sea.
Ravenstein’s Laws:
Ravenstein’s Laws are a set of laws proposed in the 1880’s that describe trends in human migration. The migrants experience related to many of Ravenstein’s laws, such as that most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country. Almost all of the migrant’s immigrants were interregional (remained within the same country) and short distance. Another law that is shown by the migrant is that most long-distance migrants are adult individuals, rather than families with children. When the migrant internationally immigrated to America, she was an adult individual with her husband, instead of with her family.
During the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, there were 127,000 people of Japanese decent that were living in America. Many of the Americans began to fear that these people were going to turn on America and help out their country of ancestry. The following quote shows what it was like for many Japanese living in America.
Girdner, Audrie and Anne Loftis. The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans During World War II. London: Collier-Macmillan Ltd., 1969.
A large number of Japanese initially migrated to Hawaii in the late 18th and early 19th century as a result of enormous boom in Hawaiian sugar industry. They also entered California as domestic and unskilled labourers. In course of time they acquired land or built businesses. Native born Japanese population grew rapidly and by 1930 were said to exceed those born in Japan by eighty percent.
Some Japanese women joined United States to reunite with their husbands while others journeyed as newlyweds with their husbands who had gone to Japan to get wives. Also, others came alone as brides to join Issei men who avoided excessive travel costs or army conscription. After settling down, these women were met with uncommon food, clothing, c...
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"Teaching With Documents:Documents and Photographs Related to Japanese Relocation During World War II." Japanese Relocation During World War II. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. .
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