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The industrial revolution in England
Impacts of industrial revolution on society
The industrial revolution in England
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Noah St.Onge Professor Scrivener ENG 2210 12/16/2015 Hard Times: Another Brick in the Wall During the late 1700's and early 1800's England experiences a technological and economic boom. This time period is known as the Industrial Revolution and it brought wealth and power to the population. New industries were born and with that came even further advancement in machinery and process. Goods were more widely available and were produced in better quality. This golden age had many adverse effects, however. Pollution, overcrowding, sickness, and lifestyle changes rippled though the landscape and population of England. Factory workers spent more time working and earned less money. Daily routines shaped into three steps with no variation; work, …show more content…
Houses were constructed in confined areas with no space for ventilation, houses had no system to maneuver waste away from the drinking water or living spaces. The destitute flocked to "poorhouses" set up by the government, however, even those were designed to force the poor back out on the street. The lack of sanitation and overcrowding allowed for widespread disease. "Cholera, tubercluosis, typhus, typhoid, and influenze ravaged through new industial towns, especially in poor working-class neighborhoods." ("Introduction to the Industrial Revolution"). During the time Dickens wrote Hard Times all of these harsh realities he would have seen first hand. Watching the poor workers live in anguish and suffering must have grown his disdain for the Industrial Revolution. Hard Times would have been inspired by real world events that he personally witnessed on a day-to-day …show more content…
Each day bells sound to signal the arrival of the workers to their humdrum duty in the factories. Each individual's responsibility was the same day in day out. Monotony bleeds from each aspect of the physical and social parts of the city. The streets are the same, the buildings look the same, the workers continue the same tasks at the same time and stick to the same routine. The emphasis of the sameness of everything including the workers works to show how the humans and machines blend together. The tedious and repetitive style of the work contributes to the image Dickens paints of Coketown; work in the factories are turning the humans into the machines they service. "The spiritual sphere is completely neglected in this type of society. People have, therefore, undergone a process of alienation: they have been transformed into machines...They have been deprived of their human warmth and lost their emotions and sentiments." ("Dickens and Popular Entertainment" 10). Drawing a parallel between the monotony of machines and the mechanization of the workers shows Dickens' view of the industrial revolution in a compelling light. The residents of Coketown are also portrayed as the same as one another. Individuality is not a characteristic that is valued by the city nor the residents of
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain is recognized as a period of great industrial capitalism, machine development, and emergence of the working class.1 The growth of factories began shortly after Richard Arkwright patented the spinning frame in 1769.2 Factories allowed for hundreds of unskilled workers to find jobs running machines and drastically changed their lifestyles as jobs moved away from rural areas. The putting-out system, where jobs were subcontracted, slowly came to an end because work became centralized in factories. 3 Few industries continued on with domestic manufacturing such as the iron industry. At the height of the Industrial Revolution, few laws had been passed to protect all workers.
England possessed the right settings for the autonomous operation of the economic forces that generated industrialization. Before the industrial revolution England was mainly an agrarian society. Then there was a radical change that moved the citizens from farms and into cities. With the large rise in England’s population there was also a larger demand for goods. There was a necessity for quicker and more efficient methods of producing those goods. During the beginning of the 19th century there was a large push of inventions to help create a more mechanical society. By 1848, when the "Communist Manifesto" was written, machinery had already been assimilated into society.1 The industrial revolution made transportation, commerce, and communication more accessible to the masses. Britain already had many navigable rivers and also utilized the inventions from the revolution to improve even more.2 One of the biggest contributions to those was that of the steam engine. This invention was the first automatic machine that allowed people to work uninterrupted for longer periods of time, ...
In the 18th century an abundance of revolutions occurred. In many people's lives a spark for change overcame them. Many began questioning the authorities and beliefs they were forced to follow before using scientific methods. During the 18th century England benefited from the Industrial Revolution in a small extent. First, the cities of England became extremely unsanitary and very crowded. Next, the working conditions within factories were brutal and terrible for the workers. On the other hand, people were still able to benefit from the growth of transportation and increased amount of goods.
During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Great Britain went through change in all phases of life with the industrial revolution. Scientific improvements and technological modernizations brought growing industrial and agricultural production. The biggest changes were in rural areas, where the local land sometimes became urban and industrialized because of advances in agriculture and industry.
During the 1760s the industrial revolution was about to begin in Great Britain. Before the industrial revolution started people did manufacturing in their house with hand tools and small basic machinery. Once the Industrial Revolution started most of the at home work stop and factory work had began. The industrial Revolution had improved life for people, not only did it improve life but it also improved banking, transportation and communication systems.
It is important to remember that the Industrial Revolution came to a close with the end of the Victorian era. The technology of the industrial revolution (and the economy of colonialism) made a large amount of surplus consumer materials available. Cheap food and clothing improved the average quality of life of the working poor, allowing them to have more children who lived longer, creating a larger labor pool. Larger families required mothers to work more hours in the home and out of it. This was reinforced in England and the US by the development of Victorian morality, which placed the ideal woman at the head of an ideal household, leading the moral life of the nation.
middle of paper ... ... These three are a great answer to how was the process of industrialization and subsequent urbanization that began in England in the 18th Century a problem, progress, AND promise? After reading this Historical Analysis, I hope you have learned why the Water Frame, Steam Engine and the Sewing Machine were great inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Works Cited http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVomz8TXrqE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVomz8TXrqE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFo_FnozIM8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ML8CMNzW6Tg
9. Ashbury, M (2001) Representation of Industrialization in Dickens’ Hard Times [Online]. Available: http://www.colourpurple.com [Accessed 25th April 2005].
As the first stray hints of bright morning begin to peek over the urban horizon, ominous, shadowy trails of smoke erupt from the gray giants soon to be filled up with machines. Leaving behind embalming coats of soot and residue in every direction, the endlessly winding serpents indiscriminately constrict the breaths of the impoverished workers and devour fancy in their paths. Meanwhile, on a hill overlooking the town, the factory owner rests easily in a bulky red house bearing BOUNDERBY upon a brazen plate. Dickens’ depictions of Coketown in Hard Times embody the flaws and corruption that persist in the fictional, industrialized city. The political and economic systems in the story, modeled after those in mid-19th century England, call for conformity and monotony while devaluing imagination and individuality amongst its citizens, all for the selfish gains of a small number of upper class individuals. The interminable streams of smoke emerging from the factory chimneys recurrently enunciate the dangers of increasingly prevalent industrialism as well as Bounderby’s pomposity and immorality.
During the 1800’s, the world went through a huge shift, which we call the Industrial Revolution. This shift transformed and changed the way human life exist on this planet today. The Industrial Revolution changed our agrarian life style and lead us to great technological advancement, which was a turning point in the history of mankind that affected the world forever.
In the first 60 years of the Industrial Revolution the quality of life for many people decreased. Many worked in dangerous working conditions. Living conditions were worse for the poor. Many turned to poorhouses which were set up by the government. The houses were designed to be deliberately tough places to deter people from staying on government aid. Family’s members were disconnected and treated harshly. (“Effects of
These tenements lacked in many ways, including space and sanitation. Due to the packed conditions, diseases spread rapidly. Overall, the housing of the working class was unpleasant and many fell ill to diseases because the risk of developing a disease in a cramped environment was higher. In Document 2, it is evident that the tenements were not an ideal living space. Document 6 portrays that factories were ideally designed for the machines and not for the workers, and as a result the working conditions were also harsh.
Much like the sowing of seeds in a garden, Dickens uses Book the First: Sowing, to plant the characters and storyline of Hard Times. First, we are introduced to the industrialized Capitalist city of Coketown (Dickens 19). Dickens describes Coketown as one that “lay shrouded in a haze of its own, which appeared impervious to the sun’s rays” (203). Coketown is dominated by a society of ruthless, materialistic, rich capitalists. In Book the First: Sowing, we are introduced to the main characters, the first of which is Thomas Gradgrind (5).
Charles Dickens shows notable amounts of originality and morality in his novels, making him one of the most renowned novelists of the Victorian Era and immortalizing him through his great novels and short stories. One of the reasons his work has been so popular is because his novels reflect the issues of the Victorian era, such as the great indifference of many Victorians to the plight of the poor. The reformation of the Poor Law 1834 brings even more unavoidable problems to the poor. The Poor Law of 1834 allows the poor to receive public assistance only through established workhouses, causing those in debt to be sent to prison. Unable to pay debts, new levels of poverty are created. Because of personal childhood experiences with debt, poverty, and child labor, Dickens recognizes these issues with a sympathetic yet critical eye. Dickens notices that England's politicians and people of the upper class try to solve the growing problem of poverty through the Poor Laws and what they presume to be charitable causes, but Dickens knows that these things will not be successful; in fact they are often inhumane. Dickens' view of poverty and the abuse of the poor
Altercations were made to the fundamentals of the British life style in result of the Industrial Revolution. Economic, social, and political changes occurred throughout 18th and early 19th century Britain, in response to various factors regarding the revolution. Primarily it was the contributions from the new refined tools and technology that impacted Britain’s agricultural and industrial progressions; to the point where its society was ultimately influenced.