Hamlet: From Emotional Distress to Reason

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Throughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet struggles with an assumed obligation to avenge his father’s death. Hamlet repeatedly deprecates himself for not having avenged King Hamlet’s death, and yet is never quite ready to do so whenever the chance arises. Hamlet’s “O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!” soliloquy in Act II Scene 2 of the play reveals the internal conflict that Hamlet has between the seemingly obligatory option of murdering Claudius as revenge for King Hamlet's death and his lack of commitment to do so. Through the firm decision that Hamlet makes at the end to expose Claudius’ alleged guilt, the “O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!” soliloquy serves the thematic function in the play of marking the start of a transition from an emotionally distressed Hamlet to a more rational one.
At the beginning of the play, Hamlet is an inwardly emotional character who is still mourning for his recently deceased father. In a conversation with Claudius and Gertrude, Hamlet says regarding his feelings about King Hamlet’s death: “[Nothing] can denote me truly. [This clothing and behavior] indeed ‘seem,’ / For they are actions that a man might play; / But I have that within which passes show, / These but the trappings and the suits of woe.” (1.2.86-89). Hamlet states that nothing can truly represent the grief that he feels for his father’s death. Anyone can put on a pretense of grief by wearing dark clothing and faking a few tears—which Gertrude and Claudius do not even do anymore although King Hamlet had died merely a month ago—but this grief that Hamlet currently feels is much deeper than any superficial, outside expression of sorrow can show. Although Hamlet is not an extremely emotional character if one is judging based on ou...

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...rison to the passion with which the First Player portrays a fictional character. Afterwards, he becomes torn between the option of murdering Claudius and his reservations about doing so, and accomplishes absolutely nothing as a result. At the end of the soliloquy, Hamlet reaches a reasonable resolution by coming up with a plan to determine if Claudius is truly guilty. Then, later on in the play, the more rational Hamlet intellectually contemplates the value of his life in the world through his famous “To be or not to be” soliloquy. Overall, Hamlet’s “O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I!” soliloquy is a turning point in the play that serves the thematic function of marking a transition from an emotional to a more rational Hamlet, as Hamlet abandons his earlier emotional grief and distress to come up with a plan of action to avenge his father’s unwarranted death.

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