The Hagia Sophia is a cathedral in modern day Istanbul, Turkey. In Turkey it is known as the Ayasofya. Hagia Sophia stands for the church of divine wisdom and was built in the 6th century under emperor Justinian the first. The building was built like a roman church with a huge 105 foot dome with great marble piers supporting it. The Hagia Sophia is also currently a component of UNESCO and is known as a national treasure in Turkey.
History of the Hagia Sophia The Hagia Sophia built in the 6th century is also known as the church of divine wisdom in Istanbul, Turkey. It is the largest church to be constructed by the roman empire.The church was built three times and is said to be originally built by Constantine the first. The
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But the piers could not hold the dome, eventually the dome collapsed on itself again after 20 years. Then another younger architect named Isidore rebuilt it, this time with more stronger structures. Instead of instlling pilliars to hold it up he put up spherical triangles that fitted into a square compartment with the support of pendentives. This allowed the builders to add more onto the building such as windows. There are 40 windows that allow sunshine into the building. The sunlight gives off a mysterious view of the golden colored church from the inside. The church had two floors which probably indicated the segregation of people based on their class in society. The Hagia Sophia is one of the most greatest buildings during its time. It showed the power and wealth of the Byzantine empire. The Hagia Sophia has gone through many phases, it started as an orthodox church that belonged to the Byzantine empire. Then changed into a mosque after the Turk conquered Constantinople, and currently is a museum with beautiful art work and calligraphy inside it. After the Turks had conquered Constantinople they changed the Hagia Sophia into a mosque. It changed in the year of 1453 when the Byzantine empire fell to the Ottoman Turks. The building changed with monograms of the four caliphs and mosaic writing in the
2, Istanbul Turkey, Hagia Sophia. Getty Images. 2015. the architecture of the time, that being said he is able to explain the H. Sophia with fresh eyes and a colorful
Brunelleschi decided to begin building the dome with his innovative idea in mind, to make two domes, and inner dome and an outer dome. The inner dome was built to hold up the outer dome as the outer dome was being built. Though nobody was sure that this was going to work, Brunelleschi decided to go ahead with it anyway. During the building of this dome, Brunelleschi decided that the building of the dome should never be stopped until it has been finished. To make sure this was the case, the creator built a hoist, that was controlled by an ox, to bring up wine and lunch to the workers. This way the workers would never have to stop working. These innovative ideas were a huge part of what the Renaissance was all about. Patronage was also a large part of the Renaissance, and to pay for the building of the dome, the Medici family had to fund Brunelleschi. All the creative ideas that the maker had thought of were paid for by the
Some would say Venice. Some might plump for the Taj Mahal. But there are many who have travelled the world, seen the sights and still believe the prettiest building on Earth is Salisbury Cathedral. The Salisbury Cathedral has inspired many people all around the world. It has beautiful statues and paintings in and on the outside of the cathedral. It has survived for hundreds of years through wars, plagues, and under different rulers. Not everyone thinks this building is a piece of art, but to me it is one of the greatest building ever built. The architects and the men building it over came many hardships and triumphed and ended up making a part of history that will last for another seven years and hopefully more.
When Emperor Constantine found the city of Constantinople, it was soon to become the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. But the Christin city needed a great church to represent it’s great value, so the Hagia Sophia was built (Krystek, Lee). The Hagia Sophia was built by the Byzantine Empire in 537 C.E., which was an Empire influenced greatly by the greek and roman styles (Krystek, Lee). It has a square base with a large dome on the top. Round arcs surrounded the large dome, adding mystical beauty to the Hagia Sophia (Krystek, Lee). Also, multiple colors of bricks were used to create patterns on the outside of the Hagia Sophia. On the inside, the walls are made of marble with glass panes which bring beautiful sunlight into the large museum (Krystek, Lee). The Hagia Sophia is very significant because it was rebuilt many times. The first church was built and then burnt down in 404 C.E. (Krystek, Lee). It was then rebuilt and burned down by riots in 502 C.E. (Krystek, Lee). Then the 3rd church was built by Justinian. After long periods of time, Sultan Mehmed conquered Constantinople and changed it to an islamic city, converting the church to a mosque (Krystek, Lee). In 1934, President Ataturk changed the mosque to a museum for the people and tourists, instead of a sacred place of worship (Krystek, Lee).
It was built on the same site as the two before it, the first commissioned by Marcus Agrippa, and the second by Domitian. The first was destroyed by fire in 80 CE and the second burned down after being struck by lightning in 110 CE. The Pantheon standing today was started by Trajan in 114 CE and completed by Hadrian in 125 CE. The text of the original inscription was added to the new façade. The inscription reads “M·AGRIPPA·L·F·COS·TERTIVM·FECIT”, meaning "Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, made [this building] when consul for the third time.” In 609 CE the Byzantine Emperor Phocas gave the building to Pope Boniface IV. It was then consecrated as a Christian church called Santa Maria ad Martyres, which has been in constant use ever since. Dedicated to every god, it is one of the best preserved Roman temples. The Pantheon has also served as a tomb since the Renaissance. Among those buried are the architect Baldassare Peruzzi, the painters Raphael and Annibale Caracci, and two kings of Italy: Vittorio Emanuele II and Umberto I, as well as Vittorio Emanuele's Queen, Margherita. The building stands on a base, originally extended a further twenty-two feet in front of the colonnade. “The front of the temple is a deep portico with eight unfluted Corinthian columns across the front and four interior columns, thus dividing the porch into a barrel-vaulted nave, which leads
Pantheon and Hagia Sophia Pantheon and Hagia Sophia are two extremely outstanding architectural pieces of their times. They have been built according to the traditions of those particular times. The materials used to built these buildings and the purpose for which they were used are all very important aspects and have been briefly covered in this report. Pantheon The statesman Agrippa built pantheon in 27 B.C. Then it was completely rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian. The Pantheon is remarkable for its size, its construction, and its design. The dome was the largest built until modern times. The present structure was probably originally built as a temple for all the pagan gods. We do hear of it as being a law-court and a reception area for Emperor Hadrian meeting his quests too. Some say that the rotunda of the building was once a Roman bath. Due to all this mystery, the Pantheon is often referred to as the Sphinx of Rome. The visitor will probably not appreciate the construction as much as the Flavian amphitheatre, but it is still a great masterpiece of engineering and well worth a visit. Most Roman and Greek temples at the time of the Pantheon's construction were large, colonnaded, rectangular enclosures with sanctuaries situated in their centers. The Pantheon was different. It consisted of a large circular drum topped with a hemispherical dome. It is a masterpiece of both engineering and art a lasting memory of Ancient Rome’s might. Roman architecture is architecture of wall and enclosed tactile space. Individual column with entablature is no longer the basic architectural unity. Spatially, it shows a development from closed, simple space units and regular articulation to more complex spatial relations, more fluid interpenetrati...
The Hagia Sophia was constructed first and it was meant as the main church of the Byzantine Empire. It is said that they built the Hagia Sophia in only 5 years, while it took nearly a century for the Notre Dame cathedral to be completed. While it did have what some would consider an extremely short construction time, they did have many issues with the dome. It nearly collapsed more than a few times. Once the builders and architects figured a plan to keep it stable, one on looker said, ”it is as if the Dome is suspended from Heaven itself”. The Dome of the rock was constructed for Christians, Jews, and Muslims but was to attract new followers to Malik’s Islamic brotherhood. The project for the construction had many issues, not only with the Dome itself, but also with revolts that would postpone construction for years. Once completed, many followers believed that Jerusalem was the third holiest place in the world due to Muhammed’s journey to Heaven in order to talk to God. The art within the Hagia Sophia was beautiful Mosaics and paintings of the Virgin Mary with Jesus. These were meant to represent how holy the building was. When the Muslims claimed the Hagia Sophia they did not want to destroy it due to beliefs so they renovated the building. They did this by breaking down images of humans and animals due to their belief that no images of figures
Justinian brought with his reign the construction of countless architectural successes that bolstered his empire into a Golden Age. The most well-known and prominent of his works is the Hagia Sophia, an awe-inspiring structure that upon completion 537 C.E. remained the world’s largest cathedral for hundreds of years to come. It captivated the people with its beautiful gold covered ceilings and felt as if though it were suspended from heaven, this perfection was seen as only possible through the influence of God. Not only was it a place of worship but an attraction that brought many travelers that came to marvel the sight, thus promoting trade and cultural diffusion. The creation of the Wall of Theodosius, Wall of Constantine, aqueducts, roads and the Hippodrome were all beneficial to the Byzantine Empire in terms of economic, cultural, and resistance related undertakings. Constantinople was the Rome of the Byzant...
Commissioned by the Justinian Emperor and constructed by around 10,000 workers, the building was magnificent. Its construction was first defied by building four columns each and then topped them with four arches. Then spaces left between the arches were filled with masonry and aided in creating the curved triangular shapes known as the pendentives, which along with the arches formed a strong base for the dome. The dome was made-up of 40 equally spaced ribs. The Engineers of the Hagia Sophia Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus the Elder designed the structure and saw it built in a record time of 5 years, 10 months and 4 days. The massive diameter of 102 feet made of thick concrete dome made it arise the similarities to that of the Roman Pantheon (Matthews, Roy and Platt pg.
The Pantheon of Hadrian is known as one of the most important architectural buildings of ancient Rome. The Pantheon that stands today was built by Hadrian and his architects between the years 118 and 128 A.D. (Stamper 2005: 186). Designed by Roman emperor Publius Aelius Hadrinus, or Hadrian, the building served to celebrate his ascension into power. This paper emphasizes on the design of the Pantheon’s rotunda and its ties to divinity. Its circular design easily identifies the iconic building along with the oculus feature that allows sunlight to stream from the top. The Pantheon is a structure meant to connect the human world with the realm of the cosmos and order.
There can be found an inscription on the In the lower order there are five entrances to the atrium, over which are nine windows, three of which possess a balcony. The main window, the “Benediction Loggia”, where the Pope gives his blessing upon his election, and at Christmas and Easter. When Maderno added the nave, which is the main body of the church, he transformed Michelangelo’s Greek cross plan into one followed by early Medieval cathedrals. This plan was heavily criticized for ruining the effect of the dome, which was designed by Michelangelo. Not only is the Façade criticized for ruining the effect of the dome, it is also criticized for being too rushed.
Likewise, the chapel's twelve-ribbed dome approached the floor below it in the same respect as the Pantheon; completed after Brunelleschi's death, the chapel dome caps a severe rectangular base in the same way the Pantheon dome covers an ascetic circle. Tractenberg. The chapel's dome, however, is itself capped with a cylindrical cupola "with delicate lantern" added in 1462 (Italy Field Study). Although they differ in base, both domes were framed according to circles. The image above illustrates the resemblance between the Pantheon and Pazzi chapel dome.
Therefore its threshold represents the dichotomy to the interior is such a shocking transition to the spirit. This supports the conjecture that the most powerful connection to the sacred reality is present in the rites of passage going from the profane to sacred worlds. The sacred view of water represents formlessness. The material used as the flooring of the Hagia Sophia is striated with wave like curves that look similar to ripples in water. Because it symbolizes formlessness the floor of the temple is representative of the chaos of the profane world and the large distance between the floor and dome further emphasizes the distance that separates the world form the glory of God. tmedia of the enormous hemispheric Dome of the
Pantheon is located in the Italian capital Rome, the northern circular plaza, it is one of the oldest buildings in Rome, is also a representation of ancient Roman architecture. The original history of the Pantheon dates back to the 27th year of the Roman Republic, which was built by Octavian 's deputy, Agri Barba, to commemorate Octavius ' defeat of Anthony and Anlapatra. But the original temple was burned in the fire in AD 80. It was not rebuilt until 125 AD by Emperor Hadrian, who inscribed "M.AGRIPPA.L.F.COS.TERTIUM.FECIT" in the rebuilt portico of the Pantheon. It means "the son of Lucius, the three-time Archon of the construction of the temple of Marcos America." This passage had led to the misconception that the colonnade was left over
Istanbul is primarily known for its Byzantine and Ottoman architecture which can be seen all throughout the city. Its buildings and structures reflect the various peoples, cultures and empires that once have previously ruled the city. Istanbul is even much older than the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire surfaced around 324 AD - 1453. For this reason, there are lots of historical museums which stores unique artifacts dating back to the Byzantine era, many churches and historical buildings can be seen throughout the city. It also has many beautiful and historical palaces that can be visited by native countrymen and tou...