HIV Literature Review

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Since its discovery over 30 years ago, HIV continues to be public health problem with an estimated 1.1 million people living with HIV in the United States alone (5). Even though the yearly number of new diagnoses in the past decade has remained stable (around 50,000), the number of new infections among young persons, especially younger people and black men has increased (1, 2, 5). Most troubling are the estimated 180,000 people (among the 1.1 million living with HIV) unaware of their infection (4). Many of those unaware of their infection remain undiagnosed until they present with AIDS-related conditions (11). Additionally, only 37% of the population aged 18-64 report ever receiving an HIV test, an estimate that varies by state from 23.4% to 66.3% (3).
Reporting cases of HIV is required in all States of the U.S. Each state is responsible for collecting HIV/AIDS surveillance data based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations and reporting that data to the CDC. All states, Washington D.C. and 5 U.S. dependent areas were using confidential name-based reporting by April 2008 (9). The accuracy and completeness of reporting varies from state to state, despite following recommended guidelines. Accurately collecting and reporting HIV surveillance data is a vitally important public health initiative. The allocation of federal funds, such as those from the Ryan White Care Act, relies heavily on surveillance data (6). This in turn affects the availability and ease of access to testing and treatment, especially in rural areas. Underreporting is more likely to occur in rural areas with lower HIV incidence due to inefficient surveillance infrastructure that includes testing and treatment availability.
HIV disprop...

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...are and STDs, 17(6), 277-282.
10. McCoy, S. I. (2010). Variability of the Date of HIV Diagnosis: A Comparison of Self-Report, Medical Record, and HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data. Annals of Epidemiology, 20(10), 734-742. Retrieved February 2014
11. Burke, R. C., Sepkowitz, K. A., Bernstein, K. T., Karpati, A. M., Myers, J. E., Tsoi, B. W., & Begier, E. M. (2007). Why don't physicians test for HIV? A review of the US literature. Aids, 21(12), 1617-1624. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32823f91ff
12. Penner M, Leone PA. Integration of testing for, prevention of, and access to treatment for HIV infection: state and local perspectives. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: S281–S286.
13. Ohl, M. E., & Perencevich, E. (2011). Frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in urban vs. rural areas of the United States: Results from a nationally-representative sample. Bmc Public Health, 11.

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