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Analysis of marx theories
Analysis of marx theories
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Historical interpretations relating to small wars in the post Napoleonic period in relation to insurgent guerrilla warfare in urban and agrarian societies across the globe share universal themes. These commonalities will be explored relating why combatants in guerrilla warfare fight. Moreover, what objectives guerrilla leaders wanted to achieve with their theories of social revolution. The works discussed are Mao Tse-tung, On Guerrilla Warfare, Ernesto Che Guevara, Guerilla Warfare, and Carlos Marighella, Minimanual of The Urban Guerrilla. All three of these historical leaders were well-educated men who were social reformers. All concerned with inequalities among their people. All devised ways to wage class warfare within their society and around the world.
Small wars in the post Napoleonic period are important to study because of social relevance relating to international relations on a global scale. Small wars or conflicts have the ability to drain the resources of major powers. Unnecessary loss of life occurs due to these conflicts. Eliot A. Cohen states in Constraints on America’s Conduct of Small Wars, “A small war has the following distinct characteristics: It involves sharp military asymmetry, and insurgents that fights guerrilla war, and an incumbent that used ground forces for counterinsurgency warfare. The incumbent can be an indigenous government that fights on its own or with the external participation, or a foreign power that imposes itself on the population (1984).
Mao, Che, and Marighella were followers of Marxist doctrine, which encompassed economic and sociological theory, philosophical method, along with a revolutionary view of social change. Authors, Melvin Small and J. David Singer quantitative study R...
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... confuse, distract, wear down and demoralize the military regime and other repressive forces that stand in their way.
Historical Significance:
In the later part of the 20th century, various factions employed urban guerrilla tactics cited in Marighella’s book. The Weather Underground Organization, generally known as the Weather Underground or Weathermen attacked government buildings and banking institutions in the United States. Their goal was to overthrow the U.S. government.
Historical Significance (cont.)
IRA leader, Michael Collins used tactics similar to Marighella by forming an assassination unit called the “Squad” to kill police in Dublin, Ireland to overthrow the British rule. The Red Brigades in Italy used kidnapping and assassination. In 1978 former Christian Democrat Prime Minister Aldo Moro, along with five assistants were murdered by the Red Brigades.
...am War is not just history but the fundamental part of our history. Therefore, it needs to be taken seriously. Only if we take it seriously, can we prevent ourselves from doing the same mistakes again. It also teaches how the war policies and authorities can blind us from the real reason behind the war. It is important to also know the enemy and plan accordingly. One can clearly see that higher technologies can go wrong when accompanied with failed strategies. Most important of the all it makes the readers reconsider their definition of just-war. Most important of all, “Working-Class War: American Combat Soldiers and Vietnam” by Christian G. Appy teaches us how education and economic advantages can help us from facing the worst.
Patrick M. Malone, the author of the his research book “The Skulking Way of War: Technology and Tactics among the New England Indians,” served as a U.S. Marine during the Vietnam War, where he experienced the opposition forces using guerrilla tactics, such as hiding and using the environment as their advantage and stealthy raid during night time when is completely dark in the jungles of Vietnam. Patrick M. Malone quoted about what Neil Sheehan said of the U.S. military advisors in Vietnam in 1962 all agree on one desire: “They hoped that the guerillas would one day be foolish enough to abandon their skulking ways and fight fairly in a stand-up battle” (Malone 6). The origin meaning of the term “skulking way of war” was primarily to describe
The Civil War in El Salvador lasted from 1980 to 1992, and the El SAlvadoran government was doing their best to minimize the threat of their opposition. Their main opposition, The Frente Farabundo Marti Para La Liberacion Nacional; otherwise known as the FMLN, was a guerrilla group that was organized to fight the corruption in the country. 175). One of the main goals of the organization was to create a new society that is not degrading its citizens and promotes equality. Throughout El Salvador’s history, one organization to the next would run the country through repressive actions and social injustice. One of the main reasons that the FMLN fought the acting government were due to these social restraints on the lower- class citizens in El Salvador.
Tim O’Brien’s book “The Things They Carried” epitomizes the degradation of morals that war produces. This interpretation is personified in the characters who gradually blur the line dividing right and wrong as the motives for war itself become unclear. The morality of soldiers and the purpose of war are tied also to the truth the soldiers must tell themselves in order to participate in the gruesome and random killing which is falsely justified by the U.S government. The lack of purpose in the Vietnam War permanently altered the soldier’s perspective of how to react to situations and in most cases they turned to violence to express their frustration.
In the text reading “Tactical Innovation and The Pace of Insurgency” the insurgency of the Civil Rights Movement between 1955 and 1970 is analyzed by author Doug McAdam’s a functions of an ongoing process of “Tactical Innovations” between Southern Civil Rights Insurgents, Segregationists and Political and Economic Elites in the “movements” quest for reforms and full Black citizenship. McAdam’s states due to an unstable Political climate coupled with strong Internal and External organization and readiness, the “Civil Rights Insurgents” were still left with the challenge of having no bargaining leverage, as insurgents, lacked Political and sufficient Economic clout. (p)
Mao actually blames the Hunan landlords and the higher, wealthier class for a bloody battle between the peasants and the landlords. He said that for a long time now, the wealthier class has been taking advantage of the peasants and has driven them to do this to the landlords.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Charlie's skillful political tactics for this important funding and CIA agent Avrakotos group's careful planning turned the Soviet occupation into a deadly predicament with their heavy fighting ...
He considers guerrilla operations to be one aspect of total war that can allow a militarily inferior nation to combat a more powerful foe. Guerrilla warfare enables a nation to make use of its terrain, climate, and even its own society. As such, the true strength of the nation is the sympathetic population who provides the guerrillas with the intelligence that allows them to harass and surprise the enemy. Owing to its decentralized and highly adaptive nature, guerrilla warfare also allows for the protracting of the war. Furthermore, Mao believes it is vital for guerrilla forces to coordinate with more conventional forces and in time integrate into the traditional military power of the nation. However, to be truly successful, there must be a clearly defined national policy goal. With this, Mao means that war should not be a purely military matter, but instead, the war should be a revolutionary war fought by a united people. To put it briefly, Mao promotes a war that whole nation can rally behind—a war of emancipation—and maintains that such a war cannot be
The Weather Underground was a political group of the Students for a Democratic Society, or SDS. The Students for a Democratic Society was formed in 1959. The members of the SDS started off being apprehensive about equality, economic justice, and participating in the democracy. But, as the Vietnam War worsened, more and more students decided to join this organization. The Students for a Democratic Society eventually went off into separate radical groups. One of these groups was the Weather Underground, which used violence and terr...
To facilitate the understanding of this essay , then I made a few parts in accordance with the relevant material . First , the meaning of victory in war . Second , the strategy and tactics of guerrilla and conventional warfare . Third , background selection and co...
The relationship between conventional and guerilla operations was a key element of the Vietnamese communists’ “Dau Tranh” strategy to fight and win the Vietnam War. A brief description of the Dua Tranh (meaning struggle) strategy is appropriate since it was the basis for North Vietnam’s success. The strategy consisted of an armed struggle and a political struggle. The armed struggle began with Stage One hit and run guerilla tactics to “decimate the enemy piecemeal and weaken then eliminate the government’s administrative control of the countryside...
Ploughshares Armed Conflict Reports 2003. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies, Conrad Grebel College Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. 2003©
Insurgency is defined as a rebellion against an indigenous government or a foreign occupier. In an asymmetric war there are two sides a strong and a weak side which have two strategies each. The French, who were the “stronger” side used “direct attack” which aimed at destroying the weak actor’s (Algeria) armed forces and thereby their capacity to offer violent resistance. During the seco...
The most important development within Maoist theory was the concept of Agrarian socialism and following the ‘mass line’, resulting in a decisive split with the Comintern and the formation of a positive relationship with the localised people. Traditional Marxism, the ideological platform of the Russian Soviets held the conviction that the vehicle for revolution would be driven by the industrial urban forces. Mao rejected this, hence the heavy emphasis on political transformation through mass involvement of the lower classes of society. Being an intellectual, Mao knew China lacked an urban proletariat but still recognised the effectiveness of Marxist policies, leading to the development that the peasantry would be the ‘natural harbingers’ of revolution. By including the masses in the political, economic, cultural and ideological affairs within China, an optimistic relationship wa...
“[…] While it shews a great proportion of the Inhabitants of those Countries disposed to pursue the path of Duty, shews also, that there is a larger and violent Party which can only be controlled by the application of Force – This being the result, it is become the more indispensable and urgent to press forward the forces destined to act against the Insurgents with all possible activity and Energy. The advanced season leaves no time to spare, and it is extremely important to afford speedy protection to the well disposed, and to prevent the preparation and accumulation of grater means of Resistance, and the extension of Combinations to abet the Insurrection – The President counts upon every exertion on your part, which so serious and eventful an emergency demands.