Guernica's History
The word art is an encompassing one, vastly interpreted and with multiple definitions. In the case of Picasso's painting Guernica, art informs, educates and expresses. Its power lies in its ability to capture and compel an audience nearly six decades after the modern world's "other" day of infamy. To understand fully the painting that evolved out of the Spanish painter's outrage, one must know its context. "Why do you think I date everything I do? Because it is not sufficient to know an artist's works--it is also necessary to know when he did them, why, under what circumstances" (Picasso). An appreciator who knows the saga of Spain's historical fishing village is given a depth of experience that only a genius like Picasso could portray --"it may well be the most terrifying document on the horrors of war ever to be produced by an artist" (Wertenbaker 126).
Most people do not even know that the ancient Basque village Guernica exits, let alone that one third of its citizens were senselessly slaughtered or wounded in little more than three hours. On April 26, 1937, German bombers attacked Guernica, an open city. The unprovoked attack began at 4:30, the busiest hour of a market day. The streets were jammed with townspeople and peasants from the countryside. Never before in modern warfare had noncombatants been slaughtered in such numbers, and by such means (Wertenbaker 1967).
During the Spanish Civil War Franco's army was often assisted by Germany. The Nazi General Goering's policy was to use the Spanish Civil War as an arena for trying out the airmen and planes of his new Luftwaffe . The Condor Legion was headed by Wolfram Von Richthofen, the cousin of the near mythical Red Baron of the First World War. V...
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...e bombing of the ancient Basque town would now be almost forgotten. Picasso's monumental painting reminds humankind of one of the first acts of modern "total war" waged against a defenseless population. Picasso's painting is the quintessential example of humankind's senseless inhumanity to humankind. It creates a horrific image of humankind with which the observer must reckon. Through the art of Guernica Picasso educates us not only about April 26, 1937, but also about humankind and our tradition of war.
WORKS CITED
Chipp, Herschel, B. Picasso's Guernica. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
Fisch, Eberhard. Guernica. New Cranbury: Associated University Press, 1983.
Gordan, Thomas and Max Morgan. Guernica: The Crucible of WWII. New York: Witts, Stein, and Day, 1975.
Wertenbaker, Lael. The World of Picasso. New York: Time-Life Books, 1967.
There are 108 sworn officers on the Appleton police department. They get paid $34,299 per year and the incremental increases at 6 months. The 1,2,3,4 and 5 years brings the top patrol officers pay to $41,963 per year (with a bachelors degree). They get paid at time and a half for any overtime hours they put in. 100% of an officers premium for medical and dental insurance are paid by the city. The more years they put in the more they get days off. After 1 year on the job they get 1 week, 2 years 2 weeks off, 8 years 3 weeks off, 412 years 4 weeks and 20 years 5 weeks off. They are allowed 12 days off for sick leave and 1 day is earned after a full month of service without calling in sick.
As in the stages of change, pre-contemplation or denial is followed by the slow understanding that a profound alteration in our lives is occurring. In this early stage, Deits encourages the reader to focus on the immediate personal needs of the grief stricken. Early in this pr...
The painting "Guernica" was the most famous painting of the 20th century because it depicted an event that took place during the Spanish Civil War. After General Francisco Franco accepted aid from Germany and Italy to topple the liberal government of the fledging Spanish Republic. In return, Franco allowed the Nazi's to test their developing air power. As an experiment to see if an aerial bombing could wipe out a whole city the Germans bombed the town of Guernica on Apriil 28, 1937. The town of, Guernica was devestated and its population was massacred. As a reponse Picasso started working on "Guernica," which he completed in a little over a month. The painting has a length of 25 feet long and a height of 12 feet. Picasso chose to use no color
The Caribbean has been an unexplained region throughout the test of time because there are many different depictions of what actually is happening. The ranging cultures in the Caribbean bring about many different points of view. A perfect example is how Cliff, Mintz, and Benitez-Rojo describe their version of the Caribbean. They discuss affairs in the Caribbean from the days of slave trading to present day issues. In analyzing their anecdotes and books, one can find not only similarities between them, but discrepancies as well. All three authors express their thoughts vividly, unleashing ideas about the Caribbean. Among the most important themes of these ideas were that of the plantation, identity, and social hierarchy.
“Yeah. Ignore it. He spit up on me,” she says. My eyes go wide. I try hard not to crack up at her nonchalance. “Give me your hand,” she
Paintings are an effective art form; political conflict has been the theme of innumerable paintings. A subtle analysis of them would reveal the microscopic but penetrating traces of reconciliation attempts. The value of such paintings depend not on the painter or its historical value but on its depiction of a specific and a conflict-oriented universal subject matter: convincing the calamity of the conflict and inviting the beholders to walk away from it. Pablo Picasso’s ‘Guernica’ is a painting of the above mentioned kind; it was painted in 1937 with the intention of portraying the tragedy in the Guernica, Basque in Germany; the city was bombed during the Spanish Civil War and was destroyed. The painting has received several criticisms by today. What has made Picasso portray a tragic scene and what has he expected through it? The answers to these questions can enlighten us on many issues and make us acknowledged of the truth behind every criticism. Picasso wanted to reveal the world the repercussions of a war begotten out of despotic political schemes; the political wrath was appease...
What did Picasso really intend to portray when he created such a powerful piece? Did he simply do it as his own way of dealing with grief, or was it a stance he wanted to make on the horrific acts of war? When questioned about the possible symbolisms of Guernica, Picasso said it was simply a plea to people about massacred people and animals. Picasso said, “In the panel on which I am working, which I call Guernica, I clearly express my abhorrence of the military caste which has sunk Spain into an ocean of pain and death.” Two very strong figures in Guernica re the horse and bull, which are images that Picasso used for most of his career. This goes back to when he was a child and first saw life and death in Spanish bullfighting. Some scholars depict the horse and bull as characterizing the horrible battles between the Republican fighters and Franco’s fascist army. When asked, Picasso said that the bull portrayed darkness and sadness. He said, “It isn’t up to the painter to define the symbols. Otherwise it would be better if he wrote them out in so many words. The public who look at the picture must interpret the symbols as they understand them.” Picasso created this as homage to Guernica and hoped people would make their own interpretations of his symbols and creations in the
The Nazis attacking small Spanish villages will that not a surprise. The “Guernica” was painted in the 1930’s by a famous artist known as Pablo Picasso. This was accruing about the time as World War 2 was starting the ones causing this were the Nazi’s. Although it was a small Spanish village it’s known now by Picasso, even small events can cause a huge impact on War history. “Liberty Leading the People” this painting was about around the French Revolution. The French Revolution was when France was uprising the monarchy when meant there was just a king or queen ruling. This Revolution lasted 10 years from 1789 to 1799 France won the uprising, then establishing France as a republic. Eugene Delcroix painted “Liberty Leading the People” a painting also showing how a simple rebellion can cause, but also that the lady in the center with the French flag is a symbol of hope for the French citizens fighting for their right as America did against the British. The paintings “Guernica” and “Liberty Leading the People” is a telling history by an event that some lived and painted so people can know of the destructions of WAR.
The way in which Benítez-Rojo and Mintz tackle the question of Caribbean identity in their articles, is a removed, objective ideal, in contrast to Michelle Cliff’s portrayal of Jamaican identity. Cliff’s portrayal touches the heart and soul of Caribbean identity. While Mintz and Benítez-Rojo are investigating trends in the Caribbean as a whole, from an outside perspective, Cliff offers the personal, tactile imagery of what it is to live in the Caribbean, utilizing the objective account of history as a background. Furthermore, Cliff deals with Jamaica, one island in the Caribbean, while Mintz and Benítez-Rojo are dealing with the Caribbean on a grand scaled overview. The fact is neither article can be taken as complete truth. In fact, although Cliff uses history in her novel, I believe the account of history from someone who has completely accessed the interior of a place, is always going to be biased. Likewise, Mintz and Benítez-Rojo in making their hypotheses, are lacking an insider’s view. It is the difference between a Caribbean person and Caribbeanist, respectively. Therefore, while on a logical level, an analytical level, Benítez-Rojo and Mintz’s, conclusions as to Caribbean identity could rightly be accepted, these two authors do not possess the experience and intensity to make me as a reader, convinced of their conclusions.
One influential theory was the Dual-Process Model of Grief (M. Stroebe & Schut, 1999) which moved away from a stage-like process to a cyclical pattern. The model proposes that the bereaved oscillate between dealing with the loss (loss-oriented coping) and managing daily living (restoration-oriented coping). The underlying principle being at times the bereaved will confront their loss and at other times will avoid them (M. Stroebe & Schut, 2010). A decade on from their original paper, M. Stroebe and Schut (2010) reported strengths of the dual-process model was that it accommodates gender differences in ways of grieving better than other models, as well being compatible with cultural differences. Furthermore, the dual-process model has received positive assessment from both researchers and clinicians in the years since the original publication. For example, the study by Ryckebosch-Dayez, Zech, Mac Cord, and Taverne (2016) found that all stressors could be classified in either loss-orientated or restoration-oriented coping thereby supporting the relevance of the dual-process model to describe coping by the bereaved. In addition, the dual-process model has been included in guidelines for mental health practitioners (M. Stroebe & Schut, 2016). However, as postulated by its developers, one major weakness of the model is that it failed to take into account 'overload', that the bereaved may feel unable to cope with the burdens of too much loss- or too much restoration-oriented stressors resulting in feeling distressed and worn out (M. Stroebe & Schut, 2016). Interestingly, this weakness was considered when Carr (2010) reflected that although the bereaved engage in both loss- and restoration-oriented coping, the ideal balance and timing had not been determined suggesting this could lead to overload on one side. This does not, however refute the original model, but extends
...med that violence was the cure to all his problems because he had experienced positive feedback when violence was presented as a behavior to gain his success. Another situation that explains Hitler’s actions is the following: he wanted to be part of the Austrian army, but was denied because he failed his medical exam; thence, he got accepted into the Germany army and was wounded several times. While he was recovering Germany surrendered; as a consequence, once again his positive actions were insignificant. Adolf Hitler was evil and malicious, but according to the social learning theory his behavior was a result of his attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. Hitler was tentative when his father was beating him so he retained that violence was the key to success, and then as a result he replicated those actions because he had more than enough motivation.
Grief is experienced and expressed differently for every individual. There are many factors that can influence grief. A person’s culture can affect
...s work The 3rd of May, 1808 is a very detailed and dramatic narrative within a collection of war themed works by the artist. I believe that by using the formal elements of color, texture, shape, lines, space, and the value I was able to sufficiently provide evidence that Goya offers a sequential order of direction for the audience to comprehend from their personal viewing. The twisted and grief stricken work creates a massive emotional connection and the artist plans for the viewers’ to grow and understand this message. The subject highlighted is obvious that Goya is passionate on his stance and outlook on war is suggested in the work. It’s obvious that Goya’s formal organization of his color palette, variation of brushes, repeating shapes, and play with lighting all correspond to depict man’s savage and at times monstrous actions are justified during war.
The purpose of this session was to set a framework for group members to realize that there are different stages of grieving and that the process can be complicated. Furthermore during the session it is hoped that they will also come to recognize that no two persons share the same path when grieving. However, there is still a common experience that some people share which is the loss which can lead to feelings of low self-esteem. ‘This will be done through Impact therapy where they will be encouraged to be active, thinking, seeing and experiencing during the session activities’ (Jacobs Ed, Schimmel J. Christine 2013).
All islands in the Caribbean share a similar colonial history which has caused creolization of languages, communities and culture. These creole language function as symbols of identity to those that are mainly of African and indigenous decent. This research paper written by Diana Ursulin Mopsus of the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, entitled, “The Attitudes Toward Caribbean Creoles of European Descended Communities in Martinique and St. Croix” has the Caribbean as its target audience. The research problem proposed is, what are the attitudes of propertied European descended people towards Caribbean creoles, in particular, toward Martinican and Crucian. This research is important to the Caribbean because in order to gain a fuller understanding of the sociolinguistic situation of the Caribbean, the attitudes toward creole of propertied descendants of early European settlers who were born and raised in Martinique and St. Croix, must be analysed. In order to determine that the research paper is trustworthy; techniques and methods used must be critically analysed, using the research process as a guide.