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Greek mythology contribution to our society
Why greek mythology is important
Why greek mythology is important
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Long ago, people lacked knowledge on why certain things happened. Without scientific answers, like we have today, the Ancient Greeks created their own answers about the world and an individual’s place in it. These tales were known as myths. They described the feelings and values that bound the members of society. There are two types of myths -- creation myths and explanatory myths. A creation myth explained the start of many events such as the origin of the world and the creation of human beings. An explanatory myth explained a natural process or event such as illness and death. Most myths concerned divine beings such as gods, goddesses and other heroes with supernatural powers. These characters had many human characteristics, aside from their special powers, that included birth and death and the presence of emotions such as love and jealousy. These human qualities of the divine beings reflected the values of society. Such characters are called anthropomorphic, derived from two Greek words meaning “in the shape of man”. Gods and goddesses that resembled animals were referred to as theriomorphic, derived from two Greek words meaning “in the shape of an animal”. The last group of mythical characters has no name. They didn’t take the form of a complete human or animal, such as a figure with a human body and an animal head. As well as being entertaining and interesting to read, myths played an important role in Ancient Greek society. The Greeks honored their gods with different kinds of festivals. Their celebrations have continued throughout the years and two have become worldwide traditions.
How the Greeks revered their gods. In ancient times, the Greeks had absolute and undeniable respect for their gods. They demonstrated their admiration by putting in place many rituals and celebrations to reverence the gods that they loved and feared in order to ensure harmony with them. In particular, the focus will be on the religious beliefs of the Greeks, including prayer and sacrifice, as well as on festivals and the arts, such as the ancient Olympic games and theatre.
In Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth‚ the theme of masculinity is explored. As Macbeth matures‚ there are times when his masculinity is put to the test, mostly after the murder of Duncan. There are four main themes in which masculinity is presented in the play.
A prominent theme in William Shakespeare’s novel Macbeth is the idea of universal masculinity. Throughout the play, Shakespeare utilizes male gender stereotypes to present conflicting views on the definition of manhood. Macbeth tells the reader about a man who allows both societal pressures inflicted upon him by his wife and his intense ambition to drag Macbeth into a spiral of committing obscene acts of violence. Characters often associate being a man with courage, cruelty and power. This pervading caricature of a “man” is evident to the reader throughout the play. Lady Macbeth, for instance, goads Macbeth about his masculinity to the point of murder. Additionally, Malcolm and Macduff’s rigid discussion on revenge reveals a defined notion of “true” masculinity. Perhaps the culmination of rigid gender stereotypes is evident in Macbeth's pondering of the legitimacy of the hired murderers' manhood. Clearly, Shakespeare upholds male gender stereotypes throughout Macbeth.
In the article “Worst Mistake in History of Human Race,” by Jared Diamond (1987), he discusses how the conversion a hunter- gatherer based society to an agricultural based one was a huge mistake. At first it was believed and is still believed by many that it has been one of the best decisions made by humans but he goes on to discuss how it is not and the disadvantages it has caused.
time to time the Greeks held ceremonies of Games in honor of their god Zeus.
A counselor should always keep their thoughts to themselves and remain open-minded about the situation. The only time a counselor should share their thoughts is if it helps the client with their situation that they are dealing with. “Counselors must practice only within the boundaries of their competence (Standard C.2.a.), and, if they “determine an inability to be of professional assistance to clients” (Standard A.11.b.), they should facilitate a referral to another provider. (Kocet, M. M., & Herlihy, B. J. (2014). Addressing Value-Based Conflicts Within the Counseling Relationship: A Decision-Making Model. Journal Of Counseling & Development, 92(2), 180-186 7p. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00146.x).” Keeping your thoughts to yourself is
She is a woman, but desires to be cruel and monstrous like a man. In consideration of murdering King Duncan herself, she requests that the spirits “unsex [her there] / And fill her...Of direst cruelty 1.5.44-46”. This matches Shakespeare’s implication of masculinity, as Lady Macbeth feels that if she were a man, she would more easily be able to commit brutal acts without any feeling of remorse. It indicates that men are stereotyped by Shakespeare to be callous and ruthless while women are perceived as rather fair and harmless. Additionally, Lady Macbeth is a large cause of the brutal behaviours that Macbeth demonstrates throughout the play. She convinces Macbeth that if he slaughters Duncan, he will “Be so much more the man 1.7.56”. This continues emphasize that in order to be discerned as a man, one must be violent and cruel. Shakespeare’s ideas regarding theme of manhood are carried out uniquely to a massive extent, as ideas of masculinity are forced upon Macbeth primarily by Lady Macbeth, who is a
... many degrading insults himself, Macbeth dishes one out while trying to persuade the murderers to kill Banquo. Macbeth asked the murderers if they were simply going to forgive Banquo for treating them badly, and they responded, “we are men, my liege.” (III,i,93) In response to this, Macbeth explained to them how men are like dogs: some are slow and some are strong, etc. He then challenges them to prove they are the right kind of men. (III,I,94-105) This challenge is what convinces the murderers to kill Banquo. Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare shows that questioning whether or not someone is a man is highly effective in getting them to do what you want.
Judith Butler’s concept of gender performativity suggests that there is a distinction between “sex, as a biological facticity, and gender, as the cultural interpretation or signification of that facticity” (Butler, 522). Performing certain actions that society associates with a specific gender marks you as that gender. In this way, gender is socially constructed. Alfar defines the societal expectation of women as the “constant and unquestioning feminine compliance with the desires of the masculine” (114). Considering Macbeth from a modern perspective and taking this distinction into account, it is necessary to determine if the play is concerned with sex or with gender. Before the action of the play even begins, the audience is warned that “Fair is foul, and foul is fair” (1.1.11). The first scene of the play casts the world of Macbeth as a land where everything is opposite or disordered. This line at the very start of the play cautions audiences to not take the play at face value because things are not always as they appear to be. Because of this, “all the binaries become complicated, divisions blurred. Thus the binary nature of gender identities, male/female, is eliminated” (Reaves 14). In the world of Macbeth, the typical gender constructions are manipulated and atypical. If the play does not deal with sex, the qualities of Lady Macbeth cannot be applied to all women but rather, representative of society’s construction of gender, “the patriarch, and the limited, restrictive roles of women” (Reaves 11). Within this reading of Lady Macbeth, Shakespeare’s examination and questioning of gender construction allows modern day readers to recognize the enduring relevance of
After receiving prophecies from the witches about his future to come, he is forced into an ambition-fuelled madness. As previously mentioned, Macbeth was persuaded to kill King Duncan by his wife due to his debatable manliness. This presented Macbeth’s need to prove to his wife he was manly by being valiant and strong and partaking in violent acts. He responds to his wife’s forceful directives by telling her, “Please stop! I dare do all that may become a man;/ Who dares do more is none” (1.7.46-47). This quote indicates how Macbeth believes a “real” man would not murder, and only due to Lady Macbeth explicitly attempting to manipulate him into action, does he succumb to do so. Macbeth endeavours the heinous crime of murdering the King, all owing to Lady Macbeth’s commands. On more than one occasion Macbeth is seen becoming mad, being overtaken by guilt and concern, highlighting that his manhood does not in fact give him any power, but only draws attention to his lack thereof. The inferiority he has within his relationship, also makes evident that Lady Macbeth’s pressure causes the transpiration of Macbeth’s powerful future. It is clear that Macbeth’s power was affected by his gender, as seen through his desperate need to prove his masculinity. Without the questioning of his manhood, Macbeth would have still been the
For clients who express their experiences for the first time in counseling, it can be a powerful force to help them heal. It is important for the counselor to pay close attention to the person’s body language, affect and tone. The counselor must consider the possible scenarios that may occur in the first session. Cultural aspects of the client must be considered. From the client’s perspective, the first session is an important session, even if the first session is mostly an information gathering session. The client may have experiences much trauma in their life, never being able to trust a person with their closest feelings. This is why it is very important to establish rapport and trust in...
Lady Macbeth represents all the stereotypical qualities of manhood, such as unrelenting determination, cruelty, and lack of emotions. Her interpretation of masculinity is made clear from the very first scene she appears in. When Lady Macbeth realizes that she must kill Duncan in her own home, she states, "Come, you spirits/ That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here" (I. iv. 43-44). Her request shows that she believes a woman is not capable of such cruel and evil acts, and that only a man is. Furthermore, she wants to be filled up from the "crown to the toe, top-full/ Of direst cruelty!" with the "access and passage to remorse", completely blocked off, implying that a man is without remorse and feelings, and full of cruelty (I. iv. 45-47). Lady Macbeth then imposes her idea of Manhood on Macbeth. When Macbeth decides not to kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth quickly challenges his manliness by c...
As Macbeth is imagining this ghost of Banquo he is clearly not in a healthy state of mind, he becomes disoriented and confused. Lady Macbeth realizes he is revealing he was responsible for the murder of Banquo and takes him aside to speak to her after using an illness as an excuse for Macbeth’s actions. Her excuse, though, may not be made up. Macbeth seems to be hallucinating more than one time since he murdered King Duncan; the murder may have caused him to develop some kind of mental illness causing all these hallucinations and anxiety he has been experiencing. If Macbeth really had developed a mental disorder, he is more susceptible to the manipulation from Lady Macbeth. She uses her previous method of manipulation on him once again. Aside to Macbeth, she asks, “Are you a man?” (3.4.59) Macbeth tries to defend himself by saying he is brave and courageous but is cut off by Lady Macbeth: “O proper stuff! This is the very painting of your fear. This is the air-drawn dagger which, you said, led you to Duncan. O, these flaws and starts, imposters to true fear, …Shame itself! Why do you make such faces? When all’s done, you look but on a stool.” (3.4.61-69) Lady Macbeth overlooks Macbeth’s fear using his past hallucinations as an excuse for the episode he is demonstrating, overlooking the fact that his fear may be real. She also uses the excuse of him not being a man because he is fearful of the ghost he is seeing. Although Macbeth’s fear is true, his masculinity is so important to him, his mind makes the ghost vanish, only appearing again when he illustrates a sign of fear or any sign of
Throughout history, events have forced humans to adapt to their ever changing environment. The adoption of agriculture itself appears to be affected by such events, with the amalgamation of numerous environmental and human-induced circumstances encouraging humans to adopt the new form of food autonomy. Location has been identified as playing an integral role in this, with some areas being predisposed with suitable conditions for agriculture. Population growth amongst areas as a result of successful agriculture and surplus crops indicates the support and popularity of this technique, attributing city formation to agriculture and its successes. Advances in human communication and technologies in addition to the decline and extinction of many mammals further illustrates the role of the environment as well as human intervention. These factors are also reasons for agricultural adoption to not occur, as some areas were unsuitable for farming- meaning that the formation of larger communities and subsequent cities were also unfeasible. Certain areas not subjected to favourable conditions would have continued to follow a hunter/forager lifestyle, whilst some also experienced higher levels of affluence. It is evident that these factors all had an integral role in regards to the adoption or rejection of agriculture itself. Thus, agriculture was largely dependant on variables that were both unexpected and uncontrollable, meaning that agriculture was non-optional and required for some.
S.O.L.A.R stands for facing the person squarely, open body language, leaning slightly forward, maintain eye contact, and relaxed posture. There is so much that can be done in a counseling session that can make or break the start the relationship. Counseling is truly an art of vulnerability, in which someone is being very transparent with you and allowing you to become a part of their inner world. Our facial expressions, gestures, and vocal cues have a huge influence on whether a person opens up to us or not. In my first practice session with a classmate I found myself shutting down early. My topic was deeper than I thought it would be and the counselor’s degree of interest or lack of it was the perception that I felt. A word they said triggered this gesture for me, my interest in opening up begin to dwindle afterward. This was a very good aspect for me to encounter as someone who would like to counsel others. I now understand the importance of my face, my gestures, and my vocal cues. Practicing S.O.L.A.R while also being aware of my facial expressions, gestures, and vocal cues will be a practice that I use in my counseling ministry. I will be mindful of my body language and also when I need a moment to gather my thoughts. In order to be proficient in counseling I will need to be aware of what I can and cannot handle dealing with. Knowing my limits is