Greek life was dominated by religion and so it is not unpredictable that the temples of ancient Greece were substantial and attractive . The structures also had a political purpose as they were often built to celebrate civic power and pride, or offer thanksgiving to the contributor of a city for success in war. The Greeks developed three architectural systems, called orders, which each had their own distinctive proportions. The Greek orders are: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
Doric:
The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily.
Ionic
The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute). This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands.
Corinthian
The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on
Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves.Parthenon - A temple of Athena Parthenos ("Virgin"), The Greek goddess of wisdom, on the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC, and regardless of the enormous damage it has sustained over the centuries, it still conveys the ideals of order and harmony for which Greek architecture is known.The Greeks built a Temple of Apollo at Didyma, in Turkey (about 300 BC). This specific design of the temple was known as dipteral. this refers to the two sets of columns surrounding the interior section of the temple. These columns surrounded a small chamber, which was the house of the statue of Apollo. With Ionic columns reaching 19.5 m high, thes decay suggest the former grandeur of the ancient temple.This is a part of the Acropolis in the city of Athens....
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...cities in the Empire. Some of the surviving buildings are almost complete, such as the town walls of Lugo in Hispania Tarraconensis, or northern areas of Spain.
The Ancient Romans planned that public buildings should be made to have an impact on the public, as well as perform a public function. The Romans did not feel confined by Greek elegant principles alone in order to achieve these objectives.
The Pantheon which is an example of this, particularly in the version rebuilt by Hadrian, which remains looked after, and which over the centuries has served, particularly in the Western Hemisphere, as the stimulation for countless public buildings.
This same emperor left his own mark on the countryside of northern Britain when he built a wall to mark the border of the empire, and after further defeats in Scotland, the Antonine wall was built to replace the Hadrian's Wall.
The Parthenon in Athens, for example, is a dedication to Athena; the goddess of wisdom and the patron of Athens (OI). As depicted in The Parthenon at the Acropolis in Athens, Greece (Doc6), this architectural piece is shown to have Doric columns that have a cylindrical shape seeming to be plain but sturdy. In comparison to the Doric style, the Ionic style was more elegant as it was taller and more decorative; engraved with vertical lines and topped with a curved rectangular shape. The Corinthian design is similar to the Ionic design because of the elaborate designs at the end of the pillars; it features more detailed designs that seem to be based around nature such as the inclusion of leaves and flowers. There are many buildings today that include these types of columns in their architectural design mainly in monuments and government buildings. According to the depiction of the White House in Greek Architecture (Doc8), the columns of the White House most closely resemble the Ionic style. Greek architecture are one of the many important legacies that Western civilization had inherited, influencing many architectural elements and building types used in art and architecture
Through military conquests, architectural innovation, legal code, and transformational endeavors Justinian recreated the greatness of the Roman Empire in the Byzantine Empire. The sole purpose of Justinian was to build a new Rome, to take the example of his predecessors and transform it into the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Justinian improved upon past Roman laws through the Justinian Code, architecture through structural ingenuity, and religion through the firm foundation of a single faith. The character of Justinian the man, set aside from his various achievements reveals that he possessed similar qualities to earlier Roman emperors and flaws that undermined the Byzantine Empire. The plight of emperor Justinian left a remarkable imprint on the Byzantine Empire in a multitude of ways.
Grecian architecture formed its own conventions in the ancient world, buildings in Greece were built with meticulous mathematic design. Great buildings were believed to be symmetrical, and perfectly proportioned [Document 7]. Another prominent aspect of ancient Greek architecture is the extensive use of columns. There were three basic types used, Doric which were plain capitals, ionic in which the capitals were fashioned after ram’s horns, and Corinthian which were made to mirror acanthus leaves.
...r architecture foundation such as theater's, skyscrapers and other buildings that showed art in a different formation which we copied from Roman's and they had got the idea from Greeks.
The foundation of Greek culture was balance, reason, and harmony which can be unveiled in their art. As the civilization heavily revolved around religion, massive temples were built to serve the Gods. Greeks believed in many Gods, meaning they had polytheistic views . This notion of polytheism passed down to the Romans who adopted nearly the exact same deities and built similar architecture as well. One of the most famous buildings of worship was the Greek Parthenon built around 447-432 B.C.E, worshipping the goddess Athena . While building these brilliant pieces of art, concepts regarding laws and the natural world from philosophers were being incorporated in the structure. Pillars were often built in temples and various buildings in both Greek and Roman cultures. Doric, ionic, and Corinthian stand as the main three pillars built; each of them becomes increasingly more elaborate by order. For example, the Corinthian was the most intricate. Romans quickly developed a taste for this form of architecture and incorporated into theirs later on. The Romans however were very inventive, and began to develop the arch, vault and dome to add to what they emulated from the Greeks. Using these elements the Romans built what is known as the Coliseum, built over a 10 year span from around 70 AD to 80 AD. The Coliseum was said to hold 50,000 spectators and was used for entertainment
Have you ever felt insignificant while standing in front of a monumental building that you have seen in small images of your history book? No one could imagine the atmosphere and physical beauty inside the most beautiful structures in the world, the Pantheon and the Florence cathedral. While sitting at the fountain in front of the Pantheon, one can see the huge columns rising towards the entablature and the walls curving behind to form a cylinder. Although the exterior of the pantheon could look majestic, the interior is just as breathtaking. The first thing someone does when they enter the Pantheon is to look up at the coffered dome and the oculus. The important feature that seemed impossible to have been built during the time that the Pantheon
Greek palaces and temples, consisting of massive columns, were built for the gods or other religious purposes. The temples found at the center of the polis, the acropolis, were made as earthen dwellings for the gods, a place for storage of sacred objects and offerings, and also served out tasks for the polis such as keeping records. Temples, along with other sacred places were sometimes only open to certain peoples or cults, and people who were not ritually purified or had “religious pollution” were not allowed to enter sacred places (Adkins & Adkins 338). The fact that the religion centers are in the middle of the cities symbolizes how Greek religion was central to Grecian life, it was one of the most important things to them. The temples also represent the architectural and cultural achievements of the Greeks. The magnificent style of these temples has influenced not only Greece but the whole world as Grecian columns have been a staple in architecture since there creation; this is even evident in the United States with buildings such as the United States Capitol, built hundreds of years after the establishment of Ancient Grecian architecture. Along with architecture, Greek art, most notably pottery and sculpture, was also influenced by religion. Greek pottery, depicting mythological and heroic scenes, and statues, portraying the human form often made in the image of gods,
The Parthenon was an amazing and important temple. Dedicated to Athena, the goddess of war and wisdom, it was a very important temple to the Greeks. Greeks worshiped all of their gods by building temples for them and giving sacrifices. Most of the sacrifices were sacred tiles designed especially for the gods, not many were human.
Tzonis, Alexander, and Phoebi Giannisi. Classical Greek Architecture: The Construction of the Modern. Paris: Flammarion, 2004.
Another difference in these civilizations is in the architecture of each region. The architecture of the Romans was also more advanced than that of the Greeks; they used concrete and placed emphasis on arches, vaulted ceilings, and domes while Greece emphasized balance and symmetry. Greek temples aimed at impressing by designing intricate, aesthetically pleasing outer views, while Roman architecture's goal was to impress by enclose a vast amount of space.
The differences between the art of Roman and other civilizations were that every Roman arts whether were sculptures or architectures had served some purposes and played certain roles in the daily lives of Roman citizens. For example, Romans love to build small concrete building with the vaulting systems. The small building which was called the bay (Pg. 105). This unique system helps to construct much fine and greatest architecture for Romans such as the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, the Colosseum and the Basilica of Constantine. The Pantheon of Rome was also another striking example of fine Roman structure. These structures were often used for religion matters, public meetings and entertainment for every Roman citizen. If any Roman citizens wanted to have some fun, they would attend the Colosseum and watched the gladiatorial game or a series of chariot race. If some other citizens wanted to seek God or certain deity, they would likely to go to the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia. In fact, architectures were significant in the lives of Roman citizens.
The ancient Greeks developed a system of orders which were known as columns. There were three different types of columns and each had they own special twist, both structurally and appearance wise. The three orders consisted of the Doric order, Ionic order and the Corinthian order. One shocking fact was that the Romans used the Corinthian columns more than the Greeks did and they were the one that came up with them. Each order could be found in many different parts of ancient Greece. The columns were put into use by creating ancient temples. Since Greek life was mainly focused around religion, their temples were very big and beautiful (“Ancient Greece” 1).
Architects traveled to Rome and studied the remains and ruins of ancient Roman building, colosseums, and pantheons. Arches, pilaster, columns, pediments, domes, and entablatures were some of the elements that were inherited from classic Rome architecture. Architects were also influenced by the writing of Vitruvius.
The architecture and urbanism of the Greeks and Romans was very different from the Egyptians and Persians. Civic life gained importance for all members of the community. Greek civic life was sustained by new, open spaces called the agora which were surrounded by public
Myths have been handed down throughout generations so people would know what gods to worship and praise. It was common for the Egyptians and Greeks to build altars and monuments for their gods. The Athenians built the Parthenon to celebrate their superiority over the Persians and to give praise to their goddess, Athena. Through study and research it has been determined that Athena was the goddess of wisdom and war. The ancient Greeks built the Alter of Zeus as a reminder of his role as a supreme ruler. The Greeks saw Zeus as the ruler of the sky and as the god of lightning.